• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.431-438
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• 2015

Ever since the ban on antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs), the livestock death rate has increased owing to pathogenic bacterial infections. There is a need of developing AGP alternatives; however, the mechanisms by which AGP enhances livestock growth performance are not clearly understood. In this study, we fed 3-week-old swine for 9 weeks with and without AGPs containing chlortetracycline, sulfathiazole, and penicillin to investigate the effects of AGPs on swine gut microbiota. Microbial community analysis was done based on bacterial 16S rRNA genes using MiSeq. The use of AGP showed no growth promoting effect, but inhibited the growth of potential pathogens during the early growth stage. Our results showed the significant increase in species richness after the stabilization of gut microbiota during the post-weaning period (4-week-old). Moreover, the swine gut microbiota was divided into four clusters based on the distribution of operational taxonomic units, which was significantly correlated to the swine weight regardless of AGP treatments. Taxonomic abundance analysis indicated a negative correlation between host weight and the abundance of the family Prevotellaceae species, but showed positive correlation to the abundance of the family Spirochaetaceae, Clostridiaceae_1, and Peptostreptococcaeae species. Although no growth performance enhancement was observed, the use of AGP inhibited the potential pathogens in the early growth stage of swine. In addition, our results indicated the ecological succession of swine gut microbiota according to swine weight. Here, we present a characterization of swine gut microbiota with respect to the effects of AGPs on growth performance.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.72-80
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• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the influence of dried swine excrement on the germination of Pinus thunbergii seeds, the growth response of seedlings of Pinus thunbergii and the uptaken of nitrogen and phosphorous by seedlings of Pinus thunbergii. The germination rate of seeds of Pinus thunbergii tends to decrease according to the increasing of application amount of dried swine excrement and the application amounts of dried swine excrement which is more than 3%(w/w %) makes the rate of germination to much more decreased. Contents of nitrogen and phosphorus are much higher in a way that the dried swine excrement was treated in nursery soil. 179 days after seeds of Pinus thunbergii were sowed, nitrogen contents in soil was decreased more than 70% and phosphorus was decreased 20 to 45%. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was much higher in treatment of dried swine excrement than in control. But growth response was not affected by increasing of application amounts of dried swine excrement. Growth response of Pinus thunbergii was the highest in 2%(w/w %) application but its growth response was decreased in treatment more than 3% (w/w %) of dried swine excrement.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-118
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• 2015

This study was conducted to obtain proper amount of solid swine manure and poultry manure in the beginning phase of Cornus kousa growth by investigating the initial germination, seedling growth increment, dry weight, chlorophyll content change, body nutrient uptake and chemical changes of soil according to the concentration of solid swine manure and poultry manure fertilization. When treated with solid swine manure and poultry manure, seed germination rate was the highest in the control. However germination rate showed a tendency to decrease when treated with high concentration of swine manure and poultry manure. The survey results of the growth increment were all higher than that of the control. At the 1.0% treatment of both swine and poultry manure, the seedling height growth was highest. Poultry manure treatment made higher result than swine manure treatment at each treatment. Dry weight was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure. Dry amount declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. Poultry manure was higher in weight than swine manure at every treatment. Chlorophyll content was the highest at the 1.0% treatment by both swine and poultry manure, but declined sharply at the 2.0% treatment. The survey content was higer than that of the control. The amount of nutrients absorbed in the seedling body was generally high at the 1.0% treatment of swine manure and poultry manure. For the planting soil of Cornus kousa the higher concentration of swine manure and poultry manure was, the lower pH became. However, nitrogen, got higher. available phosphoric acid, exchangeable K, Na, and Mg got higher.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.1193-1198
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• 2003

An increase in frequency of administration of exogenous growth hormone (GH) or GH-releasing hormone was reported to be a model to increase blood circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and to improve growth performance in animals. We have investigated the effect of twice daily administration of GH-releasing peptide-2 (GHRP-2) on growth performance, GH responsiveness and plasma insulin-like growth factor IGF-1 in swine. We administered to eight swine, 3 control and 5 treatment, a twice daily s.c. injections of GHRP-2 ($30{\mu}g/kg\;BW$) for a period of 10 days. Every day blood samples immediately taken before injections of GHRP-2 or saline, at 08:00 h and 16:00 h, were measured for IGF-1 concentrations. Blood samples for GH assay were collected every 20 min on days 1, 6 and 10, from 1 hour before and 3 h after GHRP-2 or saline injections at 08:00 h. GH peak concentrations and GH area under curve (GH AUC) on day 1, 6 and 10 in treatment group of swine were higher than those in control swine (p<0.05). Twice daily administration of GHRP-2 caused a significantly attenuation (p<0.05) of GH peak concentrations ($80.25{\pm}13.87$, $39.73{\pm}5.72$ and $27.57{\pm}6.06ng/ml$ for day 1, 6 and 10, respectively) and GH AUCs ($3,536.15{\pm}738.35$, $1,310.31{\pm}203.55$ and $934.37{\pm}208.99ng/ml$ for day 1, 6 and 10, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in GH peak concentration and GH AUC between day 6 and 10. Plasma IGF-1 concentration levels were higher in treatment than control group of swine (p<0.05) after 3 days of the treatment, and the levels reached a plateau from day 3 to 10 of experiment. Growth performance did not alter by GHRP-2 administration, even though a numerical increase of body weight gain and feed efficiency was observed. These results indicate that twice daily administration of GHRP-2 for 10 days in swine did not significantly influence on growth performance, caused an overall attenuation of GH response, and that elevation of plasma GH concentrations caused by GHRP-2 administration increased plasma IGF-1 concentrations, even though an attenuation of GH response was observed.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2011

Prunus serrulata var. serrulata f. spontanea (E. H. Wilson) C. S. Chang was treated with dried swine excrement at various concentration levels, and their growth reactions and the contents of total kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphoric acid were analyzed. The result is as follows; 1. When the plants were treated with 0.25% of dried swine excrement, the seed germination rate of Prunus serrulata var. serrulata f. spontanea was higher than that of the control. However, it showed a tendency to decrease when the treatment concentration got higher than 0.25%. 2. The growth rate of species was highest when they were treated with 0.25% of dried swine excrement. It tended to decrease with higher treatment concentration than 0.25%. Significant difference was clear between the control and the experimental plants of Prunus serrulata var. serrulata f. spontanea. 3. The contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid in Prunus serrulata var. serrulata f. spontanea also got higher as the concentration of dried swine excrement increased. However, the content of total kjeldahl nitrogen was highest in the leaves, and followed by the roots and stems. In contrast, the content of total phosphoric acid were highest in the roots, and followed by the leaves and stems. Therefore, stems had the lowest contents of both nitrogen and phosphoric acid. 4. The contents of total kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphoric acid in the soil were measured before and after the growth experiment of Prunus serrulata var. serrulata f. spontanea treated with dried swine excrement. The contents of nitrogen and phosphoric acid significantly decreased after the experiment. In conclusion, the contents of total kjeldahl nitrogen and total phosphoric acid accumulated in the plants increased as the concentration level of dried swine excrement got higher. The seed germination and plant growth rates were best at 0.25% treatment of dried swine excrement. The treatment of dried swine excrement may bring high effects on increasing the plant growth rate but could damage the plants with higher concentration than they need. Different optimal concentration levels of dried swine excrement for different plants should be found before it is used as fertilizer.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.783-789
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• 2020

This study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of weaned pigs using diets based on ideal protein of the Korea swine feeding standard (KFS) and US the nutrient requirements of swine (NRC). A total of 96 weaned (initial body weight of 6.12 ± 1.21 kg) pigs were randomly allocated into 2 dietary groups with 12 pens per diet (4 pigs·pen-1) in a completely randomized design. The dietary treatments were corn and soybean meal-based diets formulated by the KFS and NRC nutrient requirements estimates for weaned pigs. Experimental diets were fed for 6 weeks in 2 phases feeding program based on age: 1) Phase 1 = week 1 to 3 (21 days); 2) Phase 2 = week 4 to 6 (21 days). During Phase 1 and 2, there were no differences (p > 0.05) for the initial and final body weights between the KFS and NRC groups. Additionally, the average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), and gain to feed ratio (G : F) during overall experimental period were not different between the groups. In conclusion, weaned pigs fed the diet based on the KFS had a similar body weight and growth performance to those fed the diet based on the NRC. This suggests that the Korea swine feeding standard may be used for the diet formula of weaned pigs in Korea swine production compared with the US nutrient requirements of swine.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.73-74
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• 1961

This concerns the summary report of a series of studies on Metastrongylosis hitherto published by the writer. The life cycle of swine lungworm was first elucidated by Hobmaier in 1929. Since then subsequent studies conducted by many workers have revealed that some species of earthworms act as specific intermediate hosts of swine lungworm. The writer observed that three species of earthworms, Helodrilus foetidus, Allolobophora caliginosa and Pheretima, serve as intermediate hosts of swine lungworm in Korea. The present summary consists of the results of survey on the distribution of infectious lungworm larvae and the studies on the developmental growth of lungworm larvae in the intermediate and terminal hosts.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

본 연구는 빈도리나무를 대상으로 고형 돈분의 시비 농도에 따른 빈도리나무 종자의 발아율, 묘목의 생장량, 건중량, 체내 무기양분 흡수량 및 토양의 화학적 변화 등을 조사하여 빈도리나무 유묘의 생장에 고형 돈분의 적정 시용량에 대한 자료를 얻고자 실시하였다. 1. 고형 돈분 처리시 빈도리나무의 종자발아율은 대조구가 가장 높았으며, 고농도 돈분 처리시 발아율은 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2. 묘의 생장량은 돈분 처리구가 대조구 보다 모두 높은 생장량을 보였고, 돈분 1.0% 처리구에서 묘고 생장이 가장 컸다. 3. 건중량은 1.0% 처리구에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 체내 무기양분 흡수량은 대부분 1.0% 처리구에서 높았으며, 2.0%에서 급격히 흡수량이 떨어졌다. 4. 빈도리나무 식재 토양의 경우 돈분을 고농도로 처리할수록 pH는 낮아지고, 토양 중 잔류된 전질소, 유효인산, 치환성 K, Na 및 Mg 함량은 높아졌다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제18권8호
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• pp.1080-1087
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• 2005

By screening specific genes related to the muscle growth of swine using cDNA microarray technology, a total of 5 novel genes (GF (growth factor) I, II, III, IV and V) were identified. Results of southern blotting to investigate the number of copies of these genes in the genome of swine indicated that GF I, GF III, and GF V existed as one copy and GF II, and GF IV existed as more than two copies. It was suggested that there are many isoforms of these genes in the genome of swine. Also, results of northern blotting to investigate whether these genes were expressed in grown muscle, using GF I, III, and V indicated that all the genes were much more expressed in the muscle of swine with body weight of 90 kg. Expression patterns of these genes in other organs, namely muscle and propagation and fat tissues, were investigated by extracting RNA from the tissues. These genes were not expressed in the propagation and fat tissues, but were expressed in the muscle tissue. To determine the mechanism of muscle growth, further studies should be preceded using the 3 specific genes related to muscle growth, that is GF I, III, and V.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2019

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary protease on growth performance, blood constituents, and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs. A total of 48 growing pigs (initial body weight, $34.8{\pm}0.62kg$) were randomly assigned to 2 dietary treatments (6 pigs/pen; 4 replicates/treatment). The treatments were a diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON supplemented with 0.01 % of protease (PRO). Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments with a 2-phase feeding program for 12 weeks. Pigs fed PRO had higher average daily gain (ADG; phase I, 866.38 vs. 821.75 g/d; overall, 910.96 vs. 866.30 g/d; p < 0.05) and gain to feed ratio (G:F; phase I, 0.345 vs. 0.363 g/g; p < 0.05) than those fed CON. However, there were no differences on blood constituents and carcass characteristics between CON and PRO of growing-finishing pigs. In conclusion, dietary protease supplementation in the typical diet for growing-finishing pigs improved growth rate.