• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 1997

A Held experiment was carried out to confirm the effect of underwater sound on the luring of fish school of rudder fish in a set net at the coast of Cheju Island. The effects of the acoustic emission on the luring of fish school were observed at a cage around a set net fishing ground using a manufactured underwater speaker. Underwater sounds that were emitted for the luring of fish school were the pure sounds of which frequency were 300Hz and 400Hz, engine noise and swimming sound. The results of the observation are as follows : 1. The input and output wave forms of a manufactured underwater speaker in water tank were similar to those in measurement frequencies. The result of the observation indicated that it could be used for the purpose of the sound emission in measurement frequencies. 2. The effect of the emitted pure sound of 300Hz, 400Hz was remarkable for the luring of fish school in 2 minutes after the sound emission. The reaction of fish school was more sensitive to the pure sound of 400Hz than 300Hz. 3. The effect of the emitted engine noise was more remarkable than that of the pure sound for 3 minute continuously. On the feeding sound, fish formed a shoal and swimmed, but didn't gather around the underwater speaker. 4. The feeding and swimming sound spectra on rudder Hsh showed similar sound pressure distribution each other, they appeared low sound pressure in frequencies of 200-600Hz.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.297-302
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• 1990

The effects of ginseng saponin on the activity of serum alanine aminoiransferase (ALT) in trained rats were examined. The trained group was given a chronic swimming bout (approx. 90 min/day) for 50 days, and ginseng group was given an oral administration of ginseng saponin (150mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks. Ginseng treated-trained group was given an oral administration of ginseng saponin for 2 weeks prior to the termination of a swimming bout. In this experiment, male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain (250 $\pm$ 20 g) were used. The activities of serum ALT in trained and in ginseng groups increased 72.89% (P < 0.01) and 57.14% (P < 0.01) than in control groups, respectively. Also, the activities of serum ALT increased 69.66% (P <0.01) in saline treated-trained group, and 79.31% (P < 0.01) in ginseng treated-trained group than in control groups which were given saline solution and kept sedentary. The effect of ginseng saponin, as revealed by comparing the ginseng treated-trained group with the saline treated-trained group, was not significant. The present study suggests that training and ginseng saponin significantly increased the activity of serum ALT in rats, but that, in ginseng treated-trained group, ginseng saponin did not raise any further the increased activity of serum ALT by training.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.93-101
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• 1994

This experiment was designed to investigate the effects of Galgunhaeiutang + Danjuhwan and Haejujigaltang on the experimental behaviors of alcohol-inticxicated mice. ICR mice were used as subjects for alcohol intoxication in this experiment and sample group received Herb Medicine. The foot-step and rearing score were measured in mice. Also Rota-Rod treadmill & number of successful trials swimming time in the T-maze were done. And the following results were observed; 1. The food-step score was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, the difference was statistically significant. But Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference. 2. The number of rearing was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 3rd and 8th hour, the difference was statistical significant, while Haejujigaltang group showed no significant differnce. 3. The motor incoordination measered by the Rota-Rod treadmill was decreased in Galgunhaejutang + Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, but Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference. 4. The number of successful trials in T-maze showed no significant difference in both groups. 5. The passing time in T-maze was increased in Galgunhaejutang +Danjuhwan group at the 8th hour, but Haejujigaltang group showed no significant difference.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.274-283
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• 2011

A simplified linearized dynamic equation for the propulsion force generation of an Ostraciiform fish robot with elastically jointed double caudal fins is derived in this paper. The caudal fin is divided into two segments and connected using an elastic joint. The second part of the caudal fin is actuated passively via the elastic joint connection by the actuation of the first part of it. It is demonstrated that the derived equation can be utilized for the design of effective caudal fins because the equation is given as an explicit form with several physical parameters. A simple Ostraciiform fish robot was designed and fabricated using a microprocessor, a servo motor, and acrylic plastics. Through the experiment with the fish robot, it is demonstrated that the propulsion force generated in the experiment matches well with the proposed equation, and the propulsion speed can be greatly improved using the elastically jointed double fins, improving the average speed more than 80%. Through numerical simulation and frequency domain analysis of the derived dynamic equations, it is concluded that the main reason of the performance improvement is resonance between two parts of the caudal fins.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.159-166
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• 1974

The Yellow needle crystal was isolated from Atractylis Rhizoma, having mp $124{\sim}126^{\circ}C$(decomp.), the chemical composition $C_{16}H_{21}N_{3}O_{6}$, and its m.w. 251. The pharmacological actions of this alkaloid were studied by various psycopharmacological experiments. 1) In order to see the effect of this Atractylis(=At.) alkaloid on gross general behaviors in mice, a behavioral analysis experiment was adapted. The occurrence number of sleep and lying in At. alkaloidal animals with the doses 10mg/kg or 20mg/kg was increased but the number of jumping, exploration, rearing and defecation was significantly decreased than those of placebo. 2) The effect of the At. alkaloid on unlearned emotional behaviors of mice was studied with an open-field method. The At. alkaloidal groups with the doses 20mg/kg or 30mg/kg showed less often the frequency of locomotion than that of placebo. 3) To know the effect of the At. alkaloid on the learning, a standard water maze experiment and conditioned avoidance response were conducted. As compared to placebo control, the aquisition rate of the maze learning in the alkaloidal mice with the dose of 10mg/kg or 20mg/kg was significantly impaired and the speed of swimming was also signficantly delayed. In the conditioned avoidance response, the extinction performances of the alkaloidal rats with doses of 20mg/kg or 30mg/kg did not differ significantly than that of placebo.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 1991

This paper describes the fish-density dependence of the mean backscattering strength with aggregations of encaged, free-swimming fish of known density in relation to the experimental verification of echo-integration technique for estimating the density of fish shoals. In this experiment, various numbers of gold crussian, Carassius burgeri burgeri, with a mean length of 18.5cm and a mean weight of 205.9g, were introduced into a net cage of approximately 0.76m super(3). During the backscattering measurements. the cage was suspended on the sound axis of the 50kHz transducer having a beam width of 33 degrees at -3dB downpoints. The volume backscattering strengths from fish aggregations were measured as a function of fish density. Data acquisition, processing and analysis were performed by means of the microcomputer-based sonar-echo processor including a FFT analyzer. The calibration of echo-sounder system was carried out at field with a steel ball bearing of 38mm in diameter having the target strength of -40.8dB. The dorsal-aspect target strengths on anesthetized specimens of gold crussian used in the cage experiment were measured and compared with the target strength predicted by the fish density-echo energy relationship for aggregations of free-swimming gold crussian in the cage. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1. The target strengths in the dorsal aspect on anesthetized specimens of gold crussian, with the mean length of 19.1cm and the mean weight of 210.5g, varied from -40.9dB to -44.8dB with a mean of -42.6dB. This mean target strength did not differ significantly from that predicted by the regression of echo energy on fish density of free-swimming gold crussian in the cage. It suggests that the target-strength measurements on anesthetized fish was valid and can be representative for live, free-swimming fish. 2. The relationship between mean backscattering strength(, dB) and distribution density of gold $crussian(\rho, $ fish/m super(3)) was expressed by the following equation; =-41.9+11 $Log(\rho)$ with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. This result support the existence of a linear relationship between fish density and echo energy, but suggest that this line has steeper slope than the regression by the theory of estimating the density of fish schools.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.3 s.83
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• pp.368-374
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different type of triglycerides (MCT & LCT) on weight, survival time, energy substrate (FFA, TG, pyruvate, lactate), insulin and lipase in the trained rats. Fifty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: control group (CG, n=18), MCT supplement group (MG, n=18), and LCT supplement group (LG, n=18). They also were divided into 3 periods: trained resting (R, n=6) and trained & exercise load (E, n=6), and survival time test was performed to know the supplemented effects. Body weight of all animals was checked every week, MCT group and LCT group received supplementary MCT and LCT orally and preliminary swimming training for 6 days before the start of main experiment. All animals received 15-minute swimming training 5 times during first week of experiment, and swimming training time was increased 15 minutes every week until it reached 90 minutes at last 9th week. After last swimming training, animals were fasted for 12 hours and blood samples were taken from abdominal aorta in the Department of Animal Medicine at the D university Animal Center. Among the CGE, MGE, and LGE groups, the MGE had the greatest increase in physical performance time. In the FFA levels, there was significant differences(p<.05) in CG, MG and LG groups, and also there was major difference of FFA levels in the MG and LG. In the lipase levels, there was signifi.ant differences (p<.05) in CG, MG and LG groups. MG was the greatest than the other groups. In the insulin hormone levels, there was the great differences (p<.05) in LG compare to CG groups, whereas there was no significant difference in the CG and MG. In conclusion, these results suggest that regular prolonged physical training with MCT supplementation, improves exercise performance time through the increase of energy substrate utilization, lipase activity and FFA levels, irrespective of insulin hormone responses.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.63-67
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• 1998

The host finding behavior of Entobdella hippoglossi oncomiracidium, skin parasite of the Atlantic halibut was investigated. Almost of the parasite swam downward from the top to the bottom of the 150cm glass tube within 30 minutes. The average swimming speed of oncomiracidium was $0.32\pm0.10cm/second$ throughout the experiment. When the parasites arrived on the bottom of the glass tube, they moved upwards and downwards continuously within the 10cm of the bottom. This behavior would suggest that it may be one of the essential methods for host searching of the parasite. When the oncomiracidia was exposed different stimuli, they responded positively light and halibut mucus.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.49-53
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• 2001

This experiment has investigated the influence of Yamen (Du. 15) point injection on learning and memory dysfunction caused by cerebral ischemia and reprofusion in bilateral cervical general artery combined with bleeding on mouse tail to mimic vascular dementia in human beings. By dividing 40 mice into 4 groups (group1false operation group, group2model group, group3point injection with Cerebrolysin group4point injection with saline.) According to random dividing principles, we observed the influence of Yamen(Du. 15) point injection on the time of swimming the whole course used by model mice which had received treatment for different days in different groups, and the influence of those mice on wrong times they entered blind end. The result showed that point injection with Cerebrolysin and saline could improve learning and memory dysfunction of the mice caused by cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.328-332
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• 2002

Cordyceps is reputed for its broad biological activities and as a tonic for replenishing vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on fatigue and hematotoxicity were investigated. The antifatigue activity of dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) was studied in mice using weight loaded forced swimming performance method. The water extract of dongchongxiacao(25 mg/kg of body weight, intraperitoneal injection at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation and 30 minute and 24 hours after irradiation) showed a significant antifatigue effect in normal mice and radiation-induced fatigue mice (p<0.0005). In the experiment on the improvement of hematotoxicity, a significant difference from the irradiated controls was seen at day 3 of the group treated with dongchongxiacao and substantial differences from the irradiated controls at day 7 was also detected.