• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.524-532
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of taurine-enriched rotifers on larval growth and swim bladder inflation of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Rotifers were enriched with a commercial taurine supplement at two levels (0 and 800 mg/L). The larvae (initial notochord length=3.98±0.24 mm) were fed the enriched rotifers in triplicate from two days post-hatch for five days. The average taurine contents of the taurine non-enriched and enriched rotifers were 0.35±0.01 and 4.77±0.05 mg/g dry matter, respectively. The weight gain and specific growth rate of the fish fed enriched rotifers with the taurine supplement at 800 mg/L significantly improved compared with those of fish fed rotifers without taurine enrichment (P<0.05). The swim bladder inflation rate of larvae fed taurine enriched rotifers significantly (P<0.05). The results of the present study indicate that yellowtail larvae benefit from taurine concentrations compared with those typically reported to feed on non-taurine supplemented rotifers. Furthermore, taurine-enriched food for fish larval effectively improved the growth performance and swim bladder inflation of yellowtail larvae.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.183-190
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• 2014

This project's aim was to determine the reserpine-induced gastric ulcer preventive effect of polysaccharide of Larimichthys crocea swim bladder (PLCSB) in ICR mice. The anti-gastric ulcer effects of polysaccharide of Larimichthys crocea swim bladder was evaluated in mice model using morphological test, serum levels assay, cytokine levels assay, tissue contents analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis and western bolt assay. High concentration (50 mg/kg dose) of PLCSB reduced IFN-${\gamma}$ as compared to low concentration (25 mg/kg dose) and control mice. SS and VIP serum levels of PLCSB treated mice were higher than those of control mice, and MOT and SP serum levels were lower than control mice. Gastric ulcer inhibitory index of PLCSB treatment groups mice were much lower than control mice, and the high concentration treated mice were similar to the ranitidine treated mice. The SOD and GSH-Px activities of PLCSB treated mice were higher than control mice, close to normal mice and ranitidine treated mice. PLCSB treated mice also showed the similar contents of NO and MDA to normal group. By RT-PCR and western blot assay, PLCSB significantly induced inflammation in tissues of mice by downregulating NF-${\kappa}B$, iNOS, and COX-2, and upregulating $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$. These results suggest that PLCSB showed a good gastric ulcer preventive effect as the gastric ulcer drug of ranitidine. Polysaccharide of Larimichthys crocea swim bladder may be used as a drug material from marine products.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2015

Controlled broadband acoustic scattering laboratory experiments were conducted using a linear chirp signal (95-220 kHz), and x-ray images of live and model fish with an artificial swim bladder were analyzed to investigate the changes in orientation and frequency dependence of target strength (TS) due to morphological differences in fish swim bladders. The broadband echoes from live and model fish were measured over an orientation angle range of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ in the dorsal plane and in approximately $1^{\circ}$ increments. The location of nulls in the simulated echo response of the SINC [sinc function] model was overlaid on the TS map, showing the orientation and frequency dependence of fish TS, and they matched very well. It was possible to infer the equivalent fish scattering size (or swim bladder) using the null spacing in the experimentally obtained broadband TS map. Good agreement was observed for inferring the equivalent scattering size between the SINC model and the broadband echoes measured for the three fish species (black scraper Thamnaconus modestus; goldeye rockfish Sebastes thompsoni; and whitesaddled reef fish Chromis notatus). Some results of this inference are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.174-180
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• 2001

Dusky spinefoot, Siganus fuscescens live primarily in shore reefs with sea weeds, like around Jeju Island in Korean south sea. Therefore they are caught much by set net in the coast of Jeju Island. We carried out measurements of the dorsal aspect target strengths of Dusky spinefoot in order to study the influences of swim bladder for fishes. and have obtained some desired results though not sufficiently complete as comparison with target strengths of fishes before and after the air gas in the swim bladder of fish is taken off by an injector. The appropriate equations share the common form TS = A + 20 log L. TS = B + 20/3 log W where TS is the average dorsal aspect target strength in decibels. L is the fish total length in centimeters. W is the fish total weight in grams, and the coefficient A and B are determined by a least mean squares regression analysis. The results obtained before the air gas in the swim bladder of fish is taken off are TS = -63.16 + 20 log L TS = -50.50 + 20/3 low W and, the results obtained after the air gas in the swim bladder of fish is taken off are TS = -65.29 + 20 log L TS = -52.62 + 20/3 log W As above result, the differences of target strengths before and after the air gas is taken off from swim bladder are 2.12-2.13 dB, but the maximum difference of target strengths of both cases averaged according to the fish aspects from $-45^\circ$ to $45^\circ$ is 5.87 dB, and the average difference of them is 2.01 dB.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.120-127
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• 2015

Morphological properties of dark banded rockfish (Sebastes inermis) were analysed to investigate its acoustic scattering characteristics. Total of 18 live samples was prepared for X-ray photos and collected morphological coordinates of their body and swim bladder shapes. Kirchhoff-ray mode model was used to calculate acoustic scattering pattern for broad-band frequency range. Inclination of swim bladder ranged from 17 to 30 and the averaged value was about $25.2^{\circ}$ (S.D.(standard deviation)=3.15). There were no any tendency of increase or decrease in volume and area ratio of swim bladder to fish body and ranged from 2.2 % to 4.43 % and 14.85 % to 21.31 %, respectively. The averaged value of volume and area ratio was 3.13 % (S.D.=0.52) and 17.6 % (S.D.=1.5). $b_{20}$ values were -69.01 for 38 kHz, -69.83 for 70 kHz, -70.17 for 120 kHz and -70.93 for 200 kHz, recpectively. Broadband acoustic patterns of dark banded rockfish for 20 ~ 200 kHz were similar among samples and they reflected size and morphological properties of fish species.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.487-494
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• 2012

Acoustical backscattering characteristics of Japanese anchovy can be estimated by Kirchhoffray mode model (KRM model) due to estimate exact body and swim-bladder shape of the fish, the samples were rapidly frozen by dry-ice and alcohol. X-ray photos for ventral and lateral direction for 6 samples were taken and the 3D coordinates of the body swim-bladder were estimated by digitizing from the photos. The angles between the axis of body and swim-bladder were about $9^{\circ}$ at 38kHz and $7^{\circ}$ at 120kHz, 200kHz. General formula of TS and BL estimated were < $TS_{38kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.3, < $TS_{120kHz}$ >=20logBL-66.6, < $TS_{200kHz}$ >=20logBL-67.0. As a result, we confirmed KRM model is very useful to estimate TS (Target Strength) for design of experiment and it also can be applied to estimate the abundance of Japanese anchovy distributed by 2 frequency difference method in the survey area.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.139-148
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• 2008

Vertebral deformity in hatchery-reared black sea bream (Acanthoparus schlegelii) fingerlings occurred. Deformed fish had a good appetite but no clinical signs were found except the vertebral abnormality and darkness around the dorsal skin of the deformed vertebra. As more than 90% of the hatchery-reared fish exhibited vertebral abnormality, the fingerlings could not be used for commercial seeds any more. No morphological change in the swim bladder was observed. Histopathological changes on the deformed vertebra, gill, liver, and spleen were observed to clarify the cause of the deformity. The vertebra were irregularly deformed upward with the shape of "V" in an alphabetic character causing the spinal cord and dorsal aorta suppressed. The diameters of the muscle fibers around the deformed vertebra, especially, in the dorsal part, were much smaller and more irregular than those in normal fish, and the gabs between the fiber bundles were enlarged. No evidence of inflammatory responses in the lateral musculature were found. On the basis of normal inflation of the swim bladder, cultural environments for growth of the fingerlings, and histopathological alterations in the muscle, vertebra and gills, it is suggested that high speed of water current in the culturing aquaria between 23 to 30 days after hatching was responsible for the development of vertebral abnormality.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-137
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• 2007

Skeletal deformity in hatchery-reared river puffer (Takifugu obscurus) fingerlings occurred. The vertebral abnormality was recognized with naked eyes 80 days after hatching. Affected fish had a good appetite but no clinical signs were found except the vertebral abnormality. As more than 90% of the hatchery-reared fish exhibited vertebral abnormality, the fingerlings could not be used for commercial seeds any more. Morphological changes in the vertebrate and the swim bladder were observed with a soft X-ray. Histopathological changes on the caudal muscle around the deformed vertebrae, gill, and spleen were also examined to clarify the cause of the deformity. Spinal curvature occurred between vertebrae 10 and 12, but any malfunction of the swim bladder was not found. The diameters of the muscle fibers around the deformed vertebrae were much smaller and more irregular than those in normal fish, and the gabs between the fiber bundles were greatly enlarged. No evidence of inflammation response was found in the muscle layer. In the hatchery, feed was putting at the position of water inflow, which might attract the fingerings to move toward the feed in spite of incomplete development of their caudal muscle fibers. From these results, it is suggested that the high speed of water current in rearing aquaria might be associated with the development of vertebral abnormality.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.299-304
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• 2000

In the present paper, the immunostimulatory effects of the extracellular products (ECP) from Mycobacterium spp. and various adjuvants on the non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis nilotica, were examined. Nile tilapia were immunized by injecting ECP of Mycobacterium spp. (strain TB40, TB267 or the type strain Mycobacterium marinum) into their swim bladders. A variety of adjuvants like as Freund s complete adjuvant (FCA), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and Titremax were similarly injected into additional groups of tilapia. The number of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells observed in the swim bladder of the immunized fish was signigicantly increased by the fourth day post-immunization. By day 8, the numbers of NBT-positive cells were fewer in fish immunized with ECP from mycobacteria strains TB40 or TB267 than those immunized with ECP from M. marinum or fish injected with FCA or FIA. The level of Iysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 40 alter immunization with ECP from various Mycobacterium spp. was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. Head kidney macrophages showed enhanced reduction of NBT when cultured in vitro with 1 $\mu$ g/ml of ECP. Concentrations greater than this (10 or 100 $\mu$g/ml) were found to suppress the reduction of NBT by the macrophages. ECP from Mycobacterium spp. and the various adjuvants used in the study all appear to be good activators of the non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.427-434
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• 2014

Although ex situ target strength (TS) measurements using dual- and split-beam systems have become the primary approach of estimating fish abundance, theoretical model estimation is a powerful tool for verifying the measurements, as well as for providing values when making direct measurements is difficult. TS values for 20 samples of live bambooleaf wrasse (Pseudolabrus japonicus) whose target length (TL) ranged between 13.7 and 21.3 cm were estimated theoretically using the Kirchhoff-ray mode model, and the TS values for 18 live fish samples were additionally measured at ${\sim}0^{\circ}$ tilt angle to the swimming aspect using a tethered method at a frequency of 120 kHz to verify the theoretical values. The digitizing intervals used to extract the fish body and swim bladder morphology in the X-ray photographs significantly affected the calculated TS patterns, but variations based on the speed of sound and density ratio values for the general range of fish flesh were relatively small (within 1 dB). Close agreement was observed between the measured and theoretical TS values, and the correlation between the average TS and body length of the fish could be calculated accurately as <$TS_{120kHz}$>= 20logTL (cm) -71.6 using the theoretical method.