• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2003

Effect of fixation methods and relaxation treatment on the flame retardant(FR) and physical properties of MDPP/HMM treated cotton weft-knitted fabrics were studied. Combination of four different fixation methods - relaxation, swelling agent treatment, pad dry cure fixation, and wet fixation - were applied to flame retardant finish of cotton weft-knitted fabric with MDPP/HMM. As the results, 1. Swelling agent and wet fixation method helps FR agent penetrate the fiber efficiently. Interlock showed relatively higher values of LOI than single jersey. 2. Interlock showed relatively higher values of bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and coefficient of friction(MIU) than those of single jersey before and after flame resistant treatment. 3. An increase in internal volume of cotton fiber by relaxation treatment increased the bending rigidity(B), shear rigidity(G) and compressional energy(WC). 4. The cotton weft-knitted fabric treated wet fixation, which crossliked FR agent efficiently, showed higher bending rigidity, shear rigidity(G) and lower compressional energy(WC). Retention of swelling ability of cotton weft-knitted fabrics treated with MDPP/HMM, which increased the internal volume of cotton weft-knitted fabric, showed lower bending rigidity.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.38-52
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• 1995

Liposome은 의약과 화장품 분야에서 많은 발전을 하였다. 본 연구에서는 세포 간지질의 주요 성분인 cholesterol, palmitic acid, cholesterol ester와 lecithin을 사용하여 swelling반응에 의해 MLV liposome을 제조 하였다. 지질베이스와 마이크로플루다이저를 사용하여 MLV liposome 형성에 대한 특성들을 연구 하였다. MLV liposome은 multilamellar vesicle로서 형성되었다. MLV liposome의 gelation효과는 고온(90$\pm$5도씨)에서 polyol과 water phase에 지질을 혼합한 것에 스웰링 반응을 하였다. MLV liposome에 alpha hydroxy acid 성분들을 투입 제조하였다. MLV liposome의 최적 조건은 마이크로플루다이저에 3회 통과하였으며 vesicle의 입자크기는 150-350nm범위이고 이것을 freeze-fracture electron microscopy로 확인 하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Internal fibrillation of pulp fiber is an important factor affecting paper properties. Internal fibrillation of pulp fiber is usually introduced with several kinds of modifications of fiber by the mechanical treatment such as refining, high shear and/or high consistency mixing, etc. Unfortunately there are no standardized methods that can characterize the extent of internal fibrillation and its contribution on the paper properties. The purpose of this study is to try and find the potential methods that can characterize the internal fibrillation of pulp fiber quantitatively. Softwood bleached kraft pulp was treated with Hobart mixer to introduce the internal fibrillation without the significant fiber damage and external fibrillation. The extent of internal fibrillation was increased with the increase of mechanical treatment consistency. Several fiber properties were measured to find the potential means that could characterize and quantity the internal fibrillation. Laminated area could not be used as a means for quantifying the internal fibrillation because of the effect of swelling and the different internal fibrillation behavior at different mechanical treatment consistency. Micro and macro internal fibrillation models were proposed for describing the different behavior for the mechanical treatment at low and high consistencies of pulp. The Internal fibrillation showed good correlation with swelling of fiber wall. This trend was confirmed through the measurement of wall thickness and/or cross section area of fiber. Therefore the internal fibrillation possibly can be described as the indices indicating the change of wall thickness and/or cross section area.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

In this study, we investigated for synthetic hydrotalcite in chloroprene rubber foam. Experiments were carried out to find the optimum content ratio by controlling the contents of MgO and Hydrotalcite. Swelling test in toluene immersion was made to measure the crosslinking density of CR foams, and the cure properties were investigated with flat die rheometer and Mooney viscosity. The difference of hardness, tensile strength and elongation at break were observed after immersing in 7% NaCl or 21% NaCl solutions for a day and four days. In addition, the volume change and water content remaining in CR foam were measured after immersing NaCl solution. As content of MgO increased, the value of the cure torque tended to increase, but it was almost constant above 2phr of MgO. However, the Mooney viscosity decreased with increasing MgO content. The crosslinking density, determined by the swelling ratio, showed that the CR compound without MgO showed a higher degree of swelling. When the content of hydrotalcite/MgO was 3:2, it was the lowest volume change of CR form. Also, As the content of hydrotalcite decreased, the difference of mechanical properties before and after immersion NaCl solution increased.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.274-280
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• 2010

발아 전과 후의 현미와 미강을 첨가한 밀가루 복합분으로 만들어진 국수의 품질 특성과 GABA 함량 및 항산화 활성의 변화를 조사하였다. 발아 전후의 현미와 미강을 각각 5, 10, 15% 첨가하여 국수를 제조하였다. 이렇게 제조된 국수는 조리 및 제면특성(cooking loss, swelling index, water holding capacity), 조리에 따른 GABA 함량과 항산화 성분(polyphenol) 및 활성(ABTS와 DPPH의 radical scavenging activities) 변화를 통해 기능성 국수로의 이용가능성을 알아보고자 하였다. 실험결과, 발아 후 rice bran의 첨가에 따른 cooking loss가 증가하는 것으로 관찰되었으며 반면에 swelling index에서는 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 발아 후 현미와 미강을 첨가한 조리 전후 국수에서 발아 전 현미와 미강을 첨가한 국수보다 높은 GABA 함량을 확인하였으며 발아에 따른 polyphenol 함량과 항산화 활성에서는 큰 변화가 없음을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 발아현미가 첨가된 국수는 밀가루 국수의 영양학적 가치와 항산화 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 소재로써 이용 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 폴리머
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.545-557
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• 2001

Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)를 이용하여 제조한 메탄올의 유방성 용액에 두 종류의 aliphatic dicarboxylic acid chlorides (succinyl chloride 와 suberoyl chloride)를 첨가하여 주형시킴에 의해 cholesteric 질서를 지닌 가교필름들을 제조하였다. 가교필름의 cholesteric pitch의 온도의존성과 물과 메탄올중에서의 가교필름의 팽윤거동을 검토하였다. 필름들은 cholesteric 액정상의 특징적인 지문조직을 나타내었으며 이들의 pitch는 HPC 자체와 동일하게 온도가 상승함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 모든 가교시료들은 주어진 온도하에서 HPC가 나타내는 pitch에 비해 대단히 크며 가교제의 농도 및 길이의 증가에 의해 증가하였다. 가교시료들은 두 용매중에서 이방성 팽윤을 나타냈다. 이방성 팽윤의 정도는 용매와 가교제의 종류에 다소 의존하나 검토된 가교제의 농도에는 거의 의존하지 않았다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2003

생물학적 의약품, 식품 등과 같이 저온 유통 체계(cold chain)를 관리하는데 있어서 제품 용기에 부착하여 보관 온도 이상에 노출될 경우 비가역적인 변화를 일으켜 고온 노출여부를 검지 할 수 있는 라벨의 소재로소 poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-t-butylacrylamide) [p(NIPAAm-co-t-BAM)]수화겔의 적용 가능성을 평가하였다. p(NIPAAm-co-t-BAM)수화겔은 cold chain 온도인 8$^{\circ}$C 이하에서 온도 민감성을 갖도록 t-BAM양을 조절하여 레독스 중합반응을 통하여 저온 (4$^{\circ}$C)합성하였고, 또한 oli해(NIPAAm-co-t-BAM) 공중합체를 그라프트하여 빗살 구조를 가지는 가교수화겔을 제조함으로써 수화겔의 수축 팽윤 속도를 향상시키고자 하였다. 합성 된 수화겔의 lower critical solution temperatures(LCSTs)는 흐림 점 측정법과 시차주사열량계(DSC)를 이용하여 측정하였으며, NIPAAm 단량체와 빗살형태의 t-BAM 공중합체의 조성비가 가교제의 양에 따라 수화겔의 수축과 팽윤 거동을 관찰하였다. 소수성기를 포함하는 t-BAM의 조성비율에 따라 8$^{\circ}$C 이하 저온에서 수화겔의 LCST조절이 가능하며, 빗살 형태로 그라프트된 공중합체의 조성비에 따라 수축-팽윤율 및 속도의 조절이 가능한 것으로 확인되었다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2021

Objectives: Hyaluronoglucosaminidase (hyaluronidase) increases the local intercellular permeability of the peripheral lymphatic channel and capillaries, which may help reduce edema. In the present study, the effects of hyaluronidase on postoperative edema and pain reduction were evaluated. Materials and Methods: The study included 38 patients who underwent guided bone regeneration (GBR) surgery before implantation. Patients were randomly assigned to either the control group (n=20) or the test group (n=18). Hyaluronidase was injected into the GBR site of subjects in the test group. Postoperative edema was evaluated by measuring the distance between specific facial landmarks immediately after surgery (T1) and 2-4 days after surgery (T2). The degree of pain at T2 and at 10-14 days after surgery (T3) was assessed. Results: In the test group, the degree of swelling was lower than in the control group, however, only two measurements, from the tragus to the mouth corner and from the outer canthus to the mouth corner, showed statistically significant differences (P=0.012 and P=0.001, respectively). The anti-edema effect of hyaluronidase was more effective in the maxilla than in the mandible. In the maxilla, the percentage of facial swelling was significant for three measurements. However, in the mandible, the percentage of facial swelling was significant for only one measurement. Low levels of pain that were similar at T2 and T3 were reported in both groups. Conclusion: The results indicate the degree of swelling was lower in the test group and hyaluronidase appeared to be more effective in the maxilla. The degree of pain reduction was similar between groups. Further in vivo and randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are warranted.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.417-428
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• 1996

In order to know the toxic effect and carcinogenic activity in rats and mice fed with juice of Korean native Petasites japonicus Maxim of its pellet(4% or 8%) which were dried, milled and mixed with basal diet, the investigations were carried out by macroscopy and histopathology. Macroscopically, although remarkable changes were not observed in the liver of mice, there were slight to moderate swelling of rat livers in the whole groups at 12 to 14 weeks after feeding and milky spots in rats fed with its juice and 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim diet and a normal diet for 1 week alternatively for 14 weeks. Moreover, moderate to severe swelling and milk spots were recognized in livers of all rats fed with its juice and 8% pellet or 8% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. But, in cases of rats fed with its juice and 4% pellet or 4% pelleted Petasites japonicus Maxim, only swelling of livers was recognized moderately or severely. Histopathologically, major lesions were found in livers of both rats and mice. There were congestion, hemorrhage, fatty change, focal necrosis, megalocytosis and hyperplasia of endothelial cell in livers of mice and rats, the additional lesions such as proliferation of bile duct and nodular regeneration with diffuse regenerating cells were seen in livers of rats. In addition, preneoplastic lesions, the areas of milky spots macroscopically, were observed in livers of rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 14 to 16 weeks. In a few cases, haemangioendothelial sarcoma in livers was detected in rats fed with Petasites japonicus Maxim for 16 weeks. Petasites japonicus maxim growing naturally in Korea seem to exhibit toxic effect especially in liver and it contained a causative agent of primary liver tumors.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.183-210
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• 1998

Cheonggisan(CGS) is well known for its effect on such allergic disease as urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Gagamcheonggisan(GCGS) was formulated by subtracting several herbs from CGS and adding several herbs to CGS. Even though it is being used frequently in the clinicai medicine for the treatment of above hypersensitivity diseases, basic study to make sure the mechanism of its action is rare. In this study the author tried to know the effect of CGS and GCGS on the vascular permeability, contact dermatitis, granular secretion from mast cells and function of macrophages. The results obtained in this study are as follows : 1. Administration of CGS and GCGS decreased the vascular permeability induced by serotonin and histamine. The decrease by serotonin is more typical and dose-dependent. 2. Administration of CGS and GCGS inhibited foot-pad and ear swelling responses induced by sheep red blood cells and picryl chloride respectively, the inhibition of foot-pad swelling responses is bigger than that of ear swelling responses and both of them are not dependent on the dose3. Treatment of peritoneal mast cells with CGS and GCGS water extract decreased the histamine release triggered by compound 48／80 in a dose dependent fashion 4. Administration of CGS and GCGS increased the phagocvtic activity of peritoneal macrophages and treatment of peritoneal macrophages with CGS activated phagocytic function in a dose dependent fashion. 5. Administration of CGS and GCGS enhanced such reactive oxygen intermediates(ROIs) as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production from peritoneal macrophages. 6. Treatment of CGS and GCGS activated peritoneal macrophages for the production of ROIs. The above results show that CGS and GCGS decreased the hypersensitivity reactions by inhibiting non-specific inflammatory mediator release and vascular permeability without affecting general immune responsiveness.