• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.85-99
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• 2011

Grinding is an indispensible step in preparation of espresso coffee. The purpose of this study was to evaluate physicochemical and sensory characteristics of espresso according to the grinding grades of coffee beans. Specifically, physicochemical characteristics according to the grinding grades of coffee beans were tested based on foam index, persistence of foam, total solids, concentration, extraction yield, pH, viscosity, total soluble solid content and density. With regard to sensory characteristics, QDA were carried out by 10 trained panels. Persistence of foam, total solids, concentration, extraction, pH and viscosity in physicochemical test showed significant differences among the three categories of the samples. In other words, the finer the size of particles was, the higher value was, at the p=0.001 value. Meanwhile, the value of foam index and total soluble solid content to the grinding grades was the highest in 'fine', at the p=0.001 value. Tiger-skin effect in crema, an important attribute for excellent espresso coffee, was perceived by all of the panels in 'fine'. Also, intensity of flavor was perceived as to the strongest in 'fine'. Moreover, 'fine' had the sweetness to balance the acids and bitters. In conclusion, according to the grinding grades, it was identified that there were differences in the physicochemical and sensory characteristics. Furthermore, when the size of particles was 'fine', it brought to the most positive result.

• 한국근적외분광분석학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국근적외분광분석학회 2001년도 NIR-2001
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• pp.1267-1267
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• 2001

The existing fruit sorter has the method of tilting tray and extracting fruits by the action of solenoid or springs. In peaches, the most sort processing is supported by man because the sorter make fatal damage to peaches. In order to sustain commodity and quality of peach non-destructive, non-contact and real time based sorter was needed. This study was performed to develop peach sorter using near-infrared spectroscopy in real time and nondestructively. The prototype was developed to decrease internal and external damage of peach caused by the sorter, which had a way of extracting tray with it. To decrease positioning error of measuring sugar contents in peaches, fiber optic with two direction diverged was developed and attached to the prototype. The program for sorting and operating the prototype was developed using visual basic 6.0 language to measure several quality index such as chlorophyll, some defect, sugar contents. The all sorting result was saved to return farmers for being index of good quality production. Using the prototype, program and MLR(multiple linear regression) model, it was possible to estimate sugar content of peaches with the determination coefficient of 0.71 and SEC of 0.42bx using 16 wavelengths. The developed MLR model had determination coefficient of 0.69, and SEP of 0.49bx, it was better result than single point measurement of 1999's. The peach sweetness grading system based on NIR reflectance method, which consists of photodiode-array sensor, quartz-halogen lamp and fiber optic diverged two bundles for transmitting the light and detecting the reflected light, was developed and evaluated. It was possible to predict the soluble solid contents of peaches in real time and nondestructively using the system which had the accuracy of 91 percentage and the capacity of 7,200 peaches per an hour for grading 2 classes by sugar contents. Draining is one of important factors for production peaches having good qualities. The reason why one farm's product belows others could be estimated for bad draining, over-much nitrogen fertilizer, soil characteristics, etc. After this, the report saved by the peach grading system will have to be good materials to farmers for production high quality peaches. They could share the result or compare with others and diagnose their cultural practice.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.345-359
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to correlation between the index of dental caries in primary teeth and the habits of diet and snack which are expected to influence on the index. The subjects of this study were 165 parents of the children who visited a pediatric dental hospital located in Gyeong-gi do from Jun. 15th to Sep. 26th, 2009, and the self-report questionnaire survey was performed. Methods : A questionnaire used in a previous study was revised and completed for this study and it consisted of 15 items on general characteristic, nine items on dietary habit, and five items on snack intake habit. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS program and findings are as follows Results : 1. The index of dental caries in primary teeth by ages was that children of four years old has 4~5 with 27.5%, children of five years old has 2~3 and 4~5 with 33.3% and children of six years old has 1 and 8~9 with 25.6%, showing a statistically significant(${\chi}^2$=37.72, p<.01). 2. The frequency of brushing teeth was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=61.20, p<.001). 3. The frequency of taking snack was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=51.42, p<.001). 4. The desirability of dietary habit was found to have statistically significant negative correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=36.51, p<.001). 5. The frequency of taking biscuit was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=67.74, p<.001). 6. The frequency of taking bread was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=29.63, p<.01). 7. The frequency of taking caramel and candy was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=38.85, p<.001). 8. The frequency of taking soft drinks was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=52.92, p<.001). 9. The frequency of taking ice-creams was found to have statistically significant positive correlation with the number of primary teeth with dental caries (${\chi}^2$=75.07, p<.001). Conclusions : Those findings show that the children with undesirable dietary habit and higher frequency of taking snack have higher index of dental caries in primary teeth, therefore, it is considered that the regular brushing teeth and establishment of desirable dietary habit are very important for keeping health oral cavity. It is recommended that the continuous concern and repeated learning are needed in house and group of rearing infants so that the children take foods of fruits which have function of self-purification than the food of carbohydrates which has high adhesion and level of sweetness.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among the levels of total serum cholesterol level, blood pressure, body mass index, and lifestyle. Method: This study was designed as a descriptive correlation study. Subjects were 972 adults participated voluntarily living in GyeongNam. The height, weight, blood pressure and fasting serum cholesterol were measured. Body mass index was caculated. Information on general characteristics (age, gender, education, job, family history) and life style(cigarette, alchol, sleeping time, regular exercise, meal pattern, peppery, salty, sweetness, vegetable diet, meat diet) were collected using a questionnaire by interviewing method. Result: The mean value of total serum cholesterol was $197{\pm}36.4mg/dl$(mean; $189{\pm}36.7mg/dl$, women; $202{\pm}35.1mg/dl$). By simple analysis, the serum total cholesterol according to general characteristics features was statistically significant in age(F= 6.765, p=000) and gender (t=5.372, p=.000). Total serum cholesterol levels increased significantly with increasing BMI. The serum total cholesterol according to life style features was statistically significant in cigarette(${\chi}^2=12.12$, p=.016), exercise(${\chi}^2=6.335$, p=.042), salty taste(${\chi}^2=18.801$, p=016), vegetable diet (${\chi}^2=19.488$, p=012). The most affecting factor which total serum cholesterol factor was BMI(${\beta}=.151$, p=.000). Conclusion: The significant risk factors relating to serum total cholesterol were age, gender, BMI, smoking, and exercise. Therefore, for the reduction of serum total cholesterol level, it is recommended that nursing intervention for the prevention of obesity, change of life style should be implemented.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to develop anti-browning agents for commercial ready-to-eat pear products, which are preferred not only to maintain the flavor, color and texture of pears, but also to increase consumers' preference. The sliced 'Shin-go (Niitaka)' pears were immersed in 5% and 10% oxidized starch, 1% citric acid, and 5% and 10% oxidized starch with addition of 0.1% sucralose for 3 minutes, and then they were packaged in vacuum sealed bags at $1^{\circ}C$ for 9 days. In order to evaluate the quality of packaged sliced pears, the quality index was determined in terms of color, firmness, soluble solids, and sensory quality. With the passage of storage time, no specific variation in firmness and soluble solids was observed. However, the ${\Delta}E$ value of the sliced pears treated with 5% oxidized starch solution was significantly lower than that of the other pears. Also, the Hunter L and b values of the sliced pears treated with 5% oxidized starch solution remained nearly constant from the beginning of storage. This observation shows that 5% oxidized starch solution was effective in reducing surface browning of sliced pears. Moreover, sliced pears treated with oxidized starch solution with addition of 0.1% sucralose were given an overall liking score which was slightly higher than that given to the other pears because of the sweetness of sucralose. In conclusion, 5% oxidized starch solution with addition of 0.1% sucralose was effective in reducing browning of sliced pears and in improving the taste of sliced pears.

• 센서학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.365-372
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• 2000

소산장 흡수를 이용한 다채널 광섬유형 미각센서를 제작하여 인간이 느끼는 다섯 가지의 기본 맛 및 혼합 맛에 대한 센서의 특성을 평가하고 그에 대한 패턴을 분석하였다. 센서소자는 광섬유의 클래드 층을 제거하고 그 대신 실리콘 폴리머내에 6가지의 색소를 고정화한 감지막을 각각 코팅하여 다채널로 제작하였으며, 측정하고자 하는 미물질의 농도변화에 따른 감지막내로의 소산장의 흡수량 변화를 측정하는 방법을 이용하였다. 제작된 센서로부터 얻어진 출력값에 대한 응답패턴을 제작한 결과, 5가지의 기본 맛 즉, 단맛, 짠맛, 신맛, 쓴맛 및 우마미를 내는 대표 물질들에 대해 각기 다른 패턴을 얻을 수 있었으며 센서의 감도는 인간이 느낄 수 있는 역가 이상의 넓은 범위에서 선형적인 측정이 가능하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different amounts of pumpkin powder on the quality characteristics of hobakpyeon using physicochemical and sensory properties, as well as on its retrogradation rate during storage. As the amount of pumpkin powder increased, the following effects on the quality characteristics were observed: moisture and amylose contents decreased while protein content increased (p<0.05), and in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) decreased (p<0.05). Levels of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch fractions increased, while the content of rapidly digestible starch decreased. The starch digestion index and rapidly available glucose content also decreased. Among the physical properties, the L-value decreased while the b-value increased (p<0.05). Texture profile analysis revealed that all textural properties except adhesiveness decreased, and presented significant differences in hardness and chewiness (p<0.05). Sensory properties such as color, flavor, and sweetness increased while others such as wetness and chewiness decreased (p<0.05). Effects on the physicochemical properties during refrigerated storage were also compared between the control and 9% hobakpyeon (9%HP). According to the results, moisture content gradually decreased in the 9%HP compared to the control. Amylose content significantly increased in 9%HP whereas no significant changes were observed in the control. In both types of hobakpyeon, IVSD decreased significantly, showing higher values in 9%HP, whereas mechanical hardness increased, showing lower values in 9%HP. The L-value decreased significantly in the 9%HP whereas no significant changes were observed in the control. In conclusion, the above results suggest that hobakpyeon with low IVSD may be obtained by the addition of 9% pumpkin powder, and also showed that pumpkin powder delayed the rate of retrogradation in 9%HP during storage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.877-884
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• 2013

본 연구는 인공감미료인 수크랄로스와 스테비오사이드를 사용하여 쿠키를 만들 때 최적 배합비를 제시하고 품질 특성을 규명하며 제시된 최적의 배합비로 제조된 쿠키의 혈당 강하 효과를 규명하고자 수행되었다. 설탕 100%의 쿠키를 대조군으로 하고 실험군 쿠키는 설탕의 비율을 20%, 30%, 40%로 첨가하고 설탕 부족은 수크랄로스와 스테비오스와 한천으로 맞추어 쿠키를 만들어 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 쿠키 반죽의 밀도와 산도는 대조군과 실험군에서 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았다. 쿠키의 설탕 첨가량에 따라 굽기 손실량은 수분 손실량으로 인한 것으로 설탕의 함량이 증가할수록 손실량도 함께 증가하였다. 쿠키의 퍼짐성 지수는 설탕의 첨가량이 증가할수록 감소하여 설탕량이 많을수록 직경이 감소함에 따라 두께는 증가하였다. 쿠키의 색도 측정 결과 명도는 설탕을 30% 첨가한 쿠키의 명도가 가장 높았으며 적색도는 100% 설탕 쿠키의 값이 가장 크게 나타났다. 경도에서는 설탕의 함량이 증가하고 한천의 함량이 감소함에 따라서 positive peak forces 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 관능 평가 결과는 외관에서는 30% 설탕 첨가 쿠키가 가장 높은 점수를 받았으며 향, 맛, 질감에서는 40% 설탕 첨가 쿠키에서 가장 높은 선호도를 보여주었다. 전체적인 선호도 항목에서는 30% 설탕 첨가 쿠키가 가장 높은 점수를 받았다. 설탕 대체 감미료와 한천을 첨가한 30~40% 설탕 쿠키가 외관, 향, 맛, 조직감, 선호도에서 첨가군이 대조군보다 높은 점수를 받았다. 실험 결과를 종합해서 볼 때 대체 감미료를 첨가한 쿠키의 품질특성은 설탕을 30% 정도 함유한 쿠키가 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 이런 결과에 따라 30%의 설탕 첨가 쿠키와 대조군을 50 g 탄수화물로 환산하여 대학생들이 섭취한 후에 0, 1, 2시간 후에 혈당 실험을 실행하였을 때 100% 설탕 쿠키를 대조군으로 하여 실험한 결과 쿠키 섭취 후 1시간이 경과 후 대조군은 27.8 mg/dL, 실험군은 15.7 mg/dL가 증가하였다. 2시간 경과 후에는 대조군의 혈당 수치가 1시간과 비교하였을 때 급격하게 감소하였지만 설탕 30% 쿠키에서는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 설탕을 30% 첨가한 쿠키가 품질도 높고 관능검사 시 선호도도 높으며, 열량도 낮고 혈당지수에도 좋은 영향을 나타내었다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.304-313
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• 2018

본 연구는 쌀 품종의 가공처리에 따른 우수성 증대를 위해 저항전분을 함유한 고아밀로스 품종인 도담쌀 및 고아미4호와 중간아밀로스 쌀인 일미를 로스팅 처리하여 특성을 비교하였다. 일미는 로스팅 처리전후 저항전분 함량이 모두 1% 미만으로 차이가 없는 결과를 보였고, 저항전분 함유 쌀 품종인 고아미 4호와 도담쌀 현미의 처리전 RS 함량은 10.42, 6.14%로 고아미4호가 유의적으로(p<0.05) 높았지만 로스팅 처리후 $210^{\circ}C$이상 처리에서 고아미4호에 비해 도담쌀의 저항전분 함량이 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 가용전분함량은 로스팅 후 저항전분 함유 쌀 품종에서는 감소하였다. 전분가수분해지수와 혈당지수의 경우 모든 시료에서 일미>고아미4호>도담쌀 순으로 높았으며, 고아미4호와 도담쌀은 $180-240^{\circ}C$의 온도로 처리했을 때 처리전에 비해 HI와 eGI가 낮아지는 결과를 나타내었다. 저항전분 함량이 높고, 혈당지수가 낮은 도담쌀을 건강 기능성 선식으로 활용하고자 관능평가를 실시한 결과, $240^{\circ}C$ 10분과 $210^{\circ}C$ 30분 로스팅 처리시료에서 색깔, 향, 고소한 맛, 쓴맛, 탄맛, 단맛의 점수가 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구결과에서 도담쌀이 기능성 쌀 가공 식품을 위한 적합한 품종이라고 확인되었으며 개발된 적합한 로스팅 조건을 이용하여 제품개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용 할 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2017

본 연구에서는 증숙 맥문동을 첨가한 양갱 제조조건을 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 최적화하여 저칼로리 양갱의 개발 가능성을 검토하고자 하였다. 증숙 맥문동 열수 추출물, 설탕 및 한천의 함량을 독립변수로 하여 16가지의 양갱을 제조하여 pH, 수분 함량, 당도, 색도 및 갈변도 등의 이화학적 품질 특성과 조직감, 관능평가를 수행하였다. 이화학적 품질 특성 중에서 pH 및 갈변도는 증숙 맥문동 열수 추출액, 당도 및 수분 함량은 설탕, 색도는 증숙 맥문동 열수 추출액과 설탕의 양이 품질 특성에 더 많은 영향을 나타냈으며, 조직감에 있어서 씹힘성과 검성은 분말한천의 양에 의존하는 경향을 나타내었다. 또한, 관능평가에 있어서 유의성을 나타낸 외관, 색, 단맛, 단단함, 질감 및 종합적인 기호도의 경우 증숙 맥문동 열수 추출물, 설탕이 증가할수록 기호도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 당류의 사용은 최소화하면서 최적의 양갱의 품질 특성 및 기호도를 나타내는 조건은 증숙 맥문동 열수 추출물이 35 mL, 설탕은 55.23 g, 분말한천은 3.39 g으로 최적 첨가량이 예측되었으며, 기본 배합비와 비교한 결과 단맛은 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않고 그 외의 모든 관능평가 항목에서 유의적으로 우수하였다. 따라서 증숙 맥문동을 식품에 활용할 경우 다양한 저칼로리 제품의 개발에 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.