• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.661-671
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of occasional mid-morning snacks (MMS) on dietary behaviors and school life among elementary students. The students, mothers, and teachers from two elementary schools in Seoul were selected. The schools have been provided a steamed sweet-potato or potato, or a piece of rice-cake or cake with a pack of milk as MMS 3-4 times a month for more than 3 years. Most students were satisfied with the MMS. Mothers and teachers reported that their children or students were happier, more active, and more energetic in school with MMS. Furthermore, the students answered that they could drink milk better on the day when the school provided MMS. Many students felt that it was relevant to serve a simple menu at lunch time if they were served MMS. Also, students became more interested in school meals or foods with MMS. In addition, mothers who had jobs wanted more frequent MMS. The degree of satisfaction about MMS of the teachers was higher than that of students or mothers. Many teachers thought that their students drank milk better with MMS and further, that it made students to drink more milk on other days. In conclusion, MMS had positive effects on the dietary behavior and school life of elementary students. Therefore, it can be a good option for eliminating skipping breakfast because it provides more nutrition, makes students drink more milk, and allows students to enjoy school activities more.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.562-570
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• 2003

The awareness of ritual foods in general rituals were surveyed and compared in the Gyeonggi and Gyungsangbuk-do areas in order to identify the characteristics of Korean rituals and establish desirable ritual foods. As materials for "Jeon" (fried pan cakes) in rituals, fish fillets, meat and vegetables were largely used in the Gyeonggi region. In the Gyeongbuk region, all three of these ingredients were the most highly used for "Jeon" also. In the case of rice cakes, "Songpyun" steamed on a layer of pine needles, "Jeolpyun" and "Sirudduk", with a red beans, were mostly used in Gyeonggi-do, while "Songpyun", "Jeolpyun" and "Ingelmi" were largely used in Gyeongsangbuk-do. As seasoned vegetables and herbs, fernbrakes, root of bell flowers, green bean sprouts and bean sprouts were largely used in Gyeonggi-do region, whereas, fernbrakes, bean sprouts, root of bell flowers and spinaches were mainly used in Gyeongbuk region. The use of fernbrakes was highest in both regions. With regard to the number of side dishes, 2∼3 kinds of seasoned herbs and 3∼4 kinds of fruits were mostly used, but with slightly higher numbers in the Gyeongsangbuk-do than the Gyeonggi-do region. With regard to liquor used for rituals, clear strained rice wine was used most in the Gyeonggi-do area, while more unrefined rice wine was used in the Gyeongbuk region. Meat was the most used ingredient in broth slices of dried meat and cod were highly used in the Gyeonggi region, but slices of dried squid were most widely used in the Gyeongbuk region. Most households in both regions tended not to use raw fish in the rituals, and as for the ingredients of Korean Kabobs, meat was the most widely used, then fish and finally vegetables were the most used ingredients. Beef soup was the most used, but more green vegetable soup was used in the Gyeongbuk than the Gyeonggi region. Sweet drink made from fermented rice (sikhe) was generally used in the rituals. It was the most widely used in the Chusok-Hangawi Ritual in the Gyeonggi region, while it was used in the New Year's Ritual in the Gyeongbuk region.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2002

식혜 제조시 당화에 영향을 미치는 인자인 엿기름 추출온도와 시간, 엿기름과 물의 비율, 밥의 양을 반응표면분석법의 중심합성계획에 따라 설계하여 각각 조건들의 영향을 dual cathod system으로 구성된 바이오센서로 행하였을 때 포도당과 맥아당의 측정은 엿기름 추출온도 및 각각의 조건들은 포도당과 맥아당의 최적조건이 약간은 다른 결과를 보였는데 포도당에서는 $60^{\circ}C$, 맥아당은 $55^{\circ}C$에서 최적의 온도를 나타내었고 엿기름 추출시간은 포도당이 6시간 30분, 맥아당은 5시간 45분이었으며 물과 엿기름의 비율은 포도당과 맥아당 각각 1:6.3, 1:8.8이었고 엿기름 추출액과 고두밥의 양에서는 0.48%는 포도당, 0.6%는 맥아당이 최적조건이었다. 반응표면분석법에 의하여 유의차를 검증한 결과 그 상관관계를 비교했을 때 유의성이 높게 나타났다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2015

Rural tourism village experience is proceeded quantitatively without distinct characteristic. This research aimed at analyzing the experience and utilizing in the establishment of differentiation and contents development. Type of experience activity was classified as 10 types in Level 1 and 0~4 types in Level 2. As the result of analyzing 3,007 experiences in 168 villages, types of experience activity implemented per 1 village was 17.9. Among them, ecological experience type appeared to be the most, and appeared in order of food, agriculture farming experience. In respect of agriculture farming experience, 'harvest and utilization' was analyzed to be the highest, and regarding rural farmhouse living experience displayed 'farmhouse living' experience the highest. Tradition courtesy experience displayed 'traditional culture' experience the highest, and rural food experience was analyzed to implement 'food making' experience the most. Ecological experience mainly consisted of 'hunting and collecting' and 'observation/learning', in case of play experience, 'traditional play' experience activity was analyzed to be performed the most. Considering utilization material, it appeared in order of 'rice', 'sweet potato', 'potato', 'corn', 'chili', 'agricultural implement', 'farmhouse', 'animal', 'culture', 'history', 'rice cake', 'alcoholic drink', 'tofu', 'kimchi', etc. The place of ecological experience was performed in the forest the most, and lots of experience was performed in stream, valley, and river. The researcher expects that characteristic experience activity will be developed based on this result, by avoiding doubleness of the experience activity among the regions and the villages.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.83-94
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• 1989

A secondary survey was conducted of 503 customers, to investigate eating out behaviours at five fast food restaurants of Youido apartment compound in Seoul, in April of 1988. The results are summarized as follows: The majority, 84% of customers, were aged 14 to 30, consisting of junior and senior high school children, college students and company employees. In contrast to the previous survey of 1986, in which no elderly customers were found, a small number of elderly customers were observed in this study. The reasons given by customers for patronizing fast food restaurants were the following, from most to least frequent: 'convenient', 'allows for companionship', 'the pleasant place to eat', 'dining equipment and tableware are hygienic', 'to be able to stay as long as I want', and 'foods rapidly served'. Only 24.2% of the customers purchased the fast foods for a full meal, 38.3% purchased the foods for snacking, and others purchased ice cream only or drink only. The majority of the customers ate the purchased foods at the fast food restaurants. However, a limited number of female customers preferred to take the packed fast foods to their homes. Taste preference was a major factor in food selection from available menu items, among the younger customers; whereas customers over 30 years old were concerned with nutritive balance. Fried chicken, pizza, rolled rice with laver, ice cream, and juice were high on the list of liked foods; in contrast, lower preference was for fish burger, doughnut, spaghetti, Chajang noodles and chili beans. The survey discovered that the preference for fried chicken, pizza, and salad had increased compared to the previous survey of 1986. Preference by food nationality was highest for Korean food, then Western food, Chinese food, and Japanese food, in that order. Customers offered suggestions for better fast food service, such as lowering the price; greater variety in the menu; developing fast foods from the traditional Korean foods; and increasing the proportion of vegetables and fruits on the fast food menu. The customers, in particular, emphasized a need for the development of Korean traditional beverage of malt drink and persimmon punch, as well as mungbean pan cakes and sweet- spicy rice noodles (docbokki), as fast foods.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2006

가루녹차 첨가 비율 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%)을 달리하여 식혜를 제조하여 식혜의 이화학적 성질, 관능평가 및 저장성 등을 실험하였다. 가루녹차 식혜의 당도는 $18.40{\sim}18.50%$로 가루녹차 무첨가 식혜와 큰 차이가 없었으나, pH는 $5.81{\sim}5.85$로서 무첨가구의 pH 보다 낮았다. 색도는 가루녹차 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 L값과 a값은 감소하였으나 b값은 크게 증가하였다. 관능검사 결과 가루녹차 첨가량이 높아질수록 색깔과 향미는 강하게 평가되었으나 단맛은 가장 약하게 나타났다. 그리고 가루녹차 2% 첨가한 식혜가 맛, 밥알의 조직감, 후미, 전체적인 기호도에 있어서 유의적으로 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 가루녹차 첨가에 의해 식혜의 pH는 저장 19일째에도 변화가 거의 일어나지 않았으나 가루녹차 무첨가 식혜의 pH는 급격히 하락하였다. 저장 기간 중 색도는 가루녹차 첨가 식혜와 무첨가 식혜 모두에 있어서 L값, b값, a값이 약간 증가하는 경향이 있었으나 큰 변화는 보이지 않았다. 따라서 가루녹차를 첨가하여 식혜를 제조할 때, 2% 첨가가 종합적인 관능면에서 적절하였고, 저장성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 생각되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to analyze women's consumption and preferences of the Korean traditional drinks. For this purpose, 205 women aged between teens and 60s living in Seoul were sampled randomly for a questionnaire survey conducted from August 21 to 27, 2003. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The percentile of age groups accounted for 15.6% of the subjects in their teens, 19.5% in 20s, 18.0% in 30s, 20.5% in 40s, 13.7% in 50s, and 12.7% in 60s, respectively. On the other hand, those who graduated from colleges accounted for most (49.8%) of the subjects, those employed by companies for most (23.9%) and those earning 2 million wons or more for most (40.5%). Subjects' preferences about the traditional drinks were as follows: The most popular traditional drink across all age groups was Sikhe (29.8%: fermented rice drink), followed by Sujonggwa (10.7%: dried persimmons punch) and green tea (8.8%). Most of those in their teens and 60s consumed the drinks to relieve from the thirst, while those between 20s and 50s to be healthy. The majority (31.7%) of the subjects were consuming the traditional drinks once or twice per week. Those in their teens and 40s consumed the drinks between 3 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, while those in their 20s, 30s and 50s as they want, and those in their 60s after exercise and as they pleased. 63.4% of the subjects across all age groups bought the drinks at supermarkets, and 60.5% of them were consuming 200ml each time. The reasons of subjects' preferences of the traditional drinks were as follows: The most important factor perceived by all age groups was taste (61.0%), followed by nutrition (15.6%). The most preferred point of taste was 'light' (51.7%). Those in their teens preferred the drinks without grains, while the other age groups preferred the drinks with some grains. Those in their teens preferred canned drinks, while the other age groups preferred the bottled drinks. Consumers' desire for improvement of traditional drinks were as follows: Those in their teens and 20s were satisfied with the current prices of the drinks, while the other age groups hoped for lower prices. On the other hand, those in their 50s answered that the drinks should not be sweet, while the other age groups hoped that the tastes of the drinks would be improved in diverse ways. 53.2% of the consumers hoped that the flavors of the traditional drinks would be diversified. 67.3% of them hoped that the traditional drinks would be improved to be functional drinks, while 54.6% of them hoped that the drinks would be processed in a more hygienic way.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.98-102
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• 1997

소화기계에 대한 식혜의 생리적 영향을 알아보기 위 한 일환으로 식혜를 섭취 시킨 마우스에 에탄올을 이용하여 위궤양을 유발시켜 식혜의 위궤양 예방효과를 살펴보고자 하였다. 사용된 식혜는 산업화된 시판식혜 및 가정용 식혜의 두 가지였으며 각각 식이에 대해 0.3% 및 3%농도로 첨가하여 45일간 투여하였다. 위궤양에 대한 식혜의 예방효과를 알아보기 위하여 위점막 표면의 pH, 위점액량 및 궤양지수를 측정하였다. 위점막표면 pH는 대조군은 3.4, 식혜투여군은 3.8~3.9의 값을 나타내어 대조군에 비하여 식혜투여군에서 다소 높은 경향을 나타내었으나, 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05). 위점액량과 제양지수에 있어서도 대조군이 556.4$\mu\textrm{g}$ alcian blue/g wet tissue와 18.6mm의 값을 나타낸 반면, 식혜투여군에서는 595.2~673.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ alcian blue/g wet tissue와 13.7~17.8mm의 값을 나타내어 식혜투여군에서 위점액량은 증가되고 궤양지수는 감소되는 경향을 나타내어 식혜의 위궤양 예방효과의 가능성을 시사하였으나, 실험군간의 유의한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다(p>0.05).

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.311-315
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 $38{\circ}C$에서 48시간 저온질소건조한 엿기름과 열풍건조한 시판 엿기름들로 제조한 식혜의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성을 비교하였다. 엿기름 중의 $\alpha$-amylase 및 \beta-amylase 활성을 측정한 결과 저온질소건조한 엿기름에서 효소활성이 높게 나타났다. 저온질소건조한 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜는 당분해 효소들의 활성이 큰 결과로 당도와 환원당 함량이 시판 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜들에 비해 높게 나타났다. 저온질소건조한 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜의 탁도는 시판 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜보다 높거나 낮게 나타났다. 색차계를 이용한 명도(L 값)는 식혜들 간의 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 적색도(a 값)와 황색도(b 값)는 낮게 나타나 저온질소건조에 의해 당의 갈변화가 억제된 것을 알 수 있었다. 관능검사 결과 색상과 냄새, 당도, 전체적인 기호도에서 저온질소건조한 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜가 시판 엿기름으로 제조한 식혜들보다 유의적으로 선호도가 높은 것으로 평가되었다. 엿기름의 저온질소 건조방법은 타 고온처리 건조법에 비해 식품의 품질 열화를 막을 수 있고, 산소에 의한 식품의 산패를 최소화하여 식품 본래의 영양가와 기능성을 높게 유지할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.242-254
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• 2015

본 연구는 가공식품 원료로서 보리의 이용 가능성을 높이고자 보리시럽 제조에 필요한 보리당화액 제조의 최적조건을 규명하고, 보리당화액을 첨가한 보리시럽을 제조하여 품질특성 분석 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 겉보리를 발아시킨 엿기름 첨가량을 10%(BM10), 20%(BM20), 30%(BM30)로 하고, 찰보리와 혼합하여 보리당화액을 제조하고, 당화온도는 $50^{\circ}C$, $60^{\circ}C$, $70^{\circ}C$, 당화시간을 1~8시간으로 조건을 달리하여 엿기름 당화의 제조조건을 규명하고자 엿기름물의 시간대별 pH 변화와 당도를 시간대별로 측정한 결과는 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5시간이 적합하였다. 엿기름의 첨가량을 달리하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 당화시킨 보리당화액 BM10, BM20, BM30에 올리고당과 레몬액을 각각 첨가하고, $65^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 중탕 제조한 보리시럽의 품질특성을 측정하였다. 당도는 BMs30의 당도가 가장 높게 나타났다. 색도를 측정한 L값은 엿기름 첨가량이 많은 보리당화액으로 제조한 보리시럽일수록 감소하였고, a값과 b값은 엿기름 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하여 BMs30이 가장 높게 나타났다. 보리시럽의 점도와 pH를 측정한 결과는 엿기름 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가하여 BMs30이 가장 높게 나타났다. 보리시럽의 관능평가 결과, 색, 향, 당도, 점도, 전반적인 기호도에서 보리에 대한 고정관념과 보리시럽을 기대하고 예상하는 맛이 있어 모든 평가 항목에서 BM20으로 제조한 보리시럽 BMs20이 관능적 특성이 우수한 것으로 평가되어 엿기름 첨가량 20%(BM20)를 첨가하여 $60^{\circ}C$에서 5시간 동안 당화한 최적의 보리당화액으로, $65^{\circ}C$에서 1시간 동안 중탕하여 제조한 당도 $60^{\circ}Brix$ BMs20이 음료베이스용 시럽 및 디저트용 시럽으로 사용하기에 가장 적합할 것으로 판단되며, 보리 및 보리가공품 실용화를 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.