• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2006

The purpose of this article is about the accelerated product-reliability-test method of the changing colors of mobile products, which are majorly from the frequent touching of sweating fingers. Such problems of changing colors of mobile products have found mostly In metallic paint containing aluminum paste pigments. Also we found that the color of Al Paste is changed by human sweat. Therefore, the accelerated experimental method has been tested as follow: applying the various concentration of lactic acid, which is the changing color components from human sweat, and deeping the testing sample under temperature of $60^{\circ}C$ in dilutelactic acid with water. From the series of tests, the most optimum concentration of lacticacid has been obtained in 10wt% and the sample is observed to be almost same effect as natural changing of colors by human touching after the test. It has been also confirmed from the cross-sectional analysis. In detail, the testing sample has changed its color in 48hr by changing color effect of Alpaste with 10 wt% of lactic acid, and the digit of $\Delta$ E has measured 10.9 after the test.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.947-952
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze skin wettedness($w$) used as the rate index of thermal comfort, and to evaluate the wear comfort of outdoorwear. Skin wettedness is widely used to express the degree of thermal comfort. If skin wettedness exceeds a certain threshold, the body feels damp and discomfort. An experiment which consisted of rest(30 min), exercise(30 min) and recovery(20 min) periods was administered in a climate chamber with 10 healthy male participants. Two kinds of outdoorwears made of 100% cotton fabrics (Control) and specially engineered fabrics having feature of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabric (Functional) were evaluated in the experiment. The condition of climate chamber was controlled according to the thermal insulation of 4 kinds of experimental ensembles(E1~E4). Total sweat loss, sweat loss absorbed into clothing and skin temperature were measured. Skin wettedness was calculated from the ratio of evaporative rate to the maximal evaporative capacity. Skin wettedness of 'Functional' was lower than 'Control' in the 3 kinds of ensembles(E1, E2, E4) because the materials of 'Functional' were composed of quick sweat absorbency and high speed drying fabrics, water vapour permeability and waterproof fabrics.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.139-155
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• 2010

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hominis placenta herbal aupuncture therapy on the postpartum women's heat feeling, sweat and thirst. Methods: The subjects were 25 women who admitted for postpartum treatment in Hospital of Woosuk University from 15th November 2008 to 5th February 2010. The control group(normal saline group, NSG) were 12 women and hominis placenta herbal acupunture treatment group(HPAG) were 13 women. We injected at Kwanwon(CV4), Sinsu(BL23). We checked VAS(heat feeling, sweat and thirst), vital sign, wrong response. We tested CBC, 7-zone-diagnostic system, HRV before and after clinical study. Results: VAS of thirst was significantly decresed in the HPAG than NSG. Ln(LF) of HPAG was lower than NSG after clinical study. Conclusion: The results suggest that hominis placenta herbal aupuncture therapy may be useful for the postpartum women.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2008

We analyzed the effects of regular Jjimjilbang(Korean sauna) exposure on the physiological responses in seven elderly farmers(Male=3, Female=4). Jjimjil training group took a bath in Jjimjilbang 8 times twice a week. Jjimjibang exposure was limited three times per day. Rectal temperature, total sweat rate, body fat (%), blood pressure, pulse, $Na^+$ concentration in sweat, and subjective sensation were measured during Jjimjil training exposure. The results are as follow: During Jjimjil exposure, changes of rectal temperature in male farmers were more stabilized than female farmers. The gradual decrease in total sweat rate and Na+ concentration in sweat was observed in both sexes. After Jjimjil exposure, the decrease in blood pressure was observed in both sexes, but not observed changes according to regular Jjimjil exposure. Subjective thermal comfort sensation was changed positively. In conclusion, the regular Jjimjil exposure has positive effects upon improvement in regulation of body temperature, blood pressure, and $Na^+$ concentration especially in heat tolerance.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate using and evaluative criteria for purchasing of sleepwear in winter. Subjects were 523 males and females aged from twenties to fifties, living in Chongju and Taejon. For data analysis, frequency, descriptive analysis, t-test, and F-test were used. The results are as follows. First, the ownership of sleepwear was sweat suits with zippered top, pajamas, T-shirts/pants, underwear, and nightgown in order. The mean of using sweat suits was used the highest, and subjects used more home wear than sleepwear in winter. Second, the using or sleepwear had a significant difference in cold-sensitiveness and body types. Cold-sensitive group used sweat suit and T-shirts/pants more than cold-insensitive group. Also, groups who are thin wore sweat suit the most while groups who are corpulent, used underwear the most when they slept. Third, subjects, who are married women and use bed, used nightgown, but pajamas were used by groups who are older, married, and professional. Sweat suits and T-shirts/pants were used the most by single aged twenties. Forth, consumers considered the wearing comfort when they purchased sleepwear for winter, and they evaluated washing/management, fabric, design/style, economic, service, brand, and others' response in order, for judging the quality of sleepwear. Also, the evaluative criteria had a significant difference in demographic variables such as sex, occupation, and marital state. These results implied that sleepwear would be needed for winter in terms of behavioral temperature regulation. Especially, cold-sensitive and thin group would wear knitted and two-piece sleepwear for thermal comfort when they sleep in winter. Also, Using and evaluative criteria of sleepwear would be different in demographic characteristics. For winter, sleepwear should be develop based on physiologic as well as demographic variables.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.311-316
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• 2008

A 7-year-old female Shih Tzu dog with lots of masses in the whole mammary gland was presented to the surgery department of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital in the Cheju National University. After surgical excision, all mammary samples were referred to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine. Grossly, masses were measuring up to $6.5{\times}4{\times}1cm$ and on cut surface of masses in right 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th and left 1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th mammary masses were well delineated and firm, sulphur yellow, solid round to oval shape. Microscopically, most neoplastic sweat glands were severely proliferated in dermis and subcutis. Most tubules were lined by round to oval shaped epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei with high mitotic figures and severe central necrosis. The neoplastic epithelium also had PAS-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules, but negative with Perls iron stain. The left 2nd mass was well delineated, and had several dark brown areas and yellowish white glittered areas. Mass was well circumscribed with dense connective tissue. Neoplastic areas contained irregular sized mammary gland with papillary grown luminal epithelial cells in single or double cells layer with mitotic figures and small amounts of proliferated myoepithelial cells. Proliferated myoepithelial cells also produced slightly basophilic mucinous materials. Based on the gross, histopathologic and special staining characteristics, this dog was diagnosed as 90% of apocrine sweat gland aenocarcinoma and 10% mammary. complex adenomas in mammary masses. In our best knowledge, this is the first report for concurrent occurrence of apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma and mammary gland complex adenoma in mammary masses of the same dog.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.349-355
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• 2008

To determine the peripheral mechanisms involved in thermal sweating during the hot summers in July before acclimatization and after acclimatization in September, we evaluated the sweating response of healthy subjects (n=10) to acetylcholine (ACh), a primary neurotransmitter involved in peripheral sudomotor sensitivity. The quantitative sudomotor axon reflex test (QSART) measures sympathetic C fiber function after iontophoresed ACh evokes a measurable reliable sweat response. The QSART, at 2 mA for 5 min with 10% ACh, was applied to determine the directly activated (DIR) and axon reflex-mediated (AXR) sweating responses during ACh iontophoresis. The AXR sweat onset-time by the axon reflex was $1.50{\pm}0.32$ min and $1.84{\pm}0.46$ min before acclimatization in July and after acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.01). The sweat volume of the AXR(l) [during 5 min 10% iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was $1.45{\pm}0.53\;mg/cm^2$ and $0.98{\pm}0.24\;mg/cm^2$ before acclimatization in July and after acclimatization in September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the AXR(2) [during 5 min post-iontophoresis] by the axon reflex was $2.06{\pm}0.24\;mg/cm^2$ and $1.39{\pm}0.32\;mg/cm^2$ before and after acclimatization in July and September, respectively (p<0.001). The sweat volume of the DIR was $5.88{\pm}1.33\;mg/cm^2$ and $4.98{\pm}0.94\;mg/cm^2$ before and after acclimatization in July and September, respectively (p<0.01). These findings suggest that lower peripheral sudomotor responses of the ACh receptors are indicative of a blunted sympathetic nerve response to ACh during exposure to hot summer weather conditions.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.157-161
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• 2009

A 11-year-old female mixed cat with subcutaneous mass around the left 5th mammary glands was presented to local animal hospital. According to history taking, the mass recurred 2 times on the same site of abdomen. After surgical excision, subcutaneous mass was referred to Pathology Department of Veterinary Medicine in the Jeju National University. Grossly, round to oval, milky yellow or pale red nodules, measuring 0.1${\sim}$1 cm in diameter, were occupied in the subcutis. Microscopically, the most neoplastic sweat glands were proliferated in the dermis and subcutis. Most tubules were lined by round to oval shaped epithelium with eosinophilic cytoplasm, hyperchromatic nuclei with high mitotic figures and severe central necrosis. The neoplastic epithelium also had periodic acid-Schiff-positive diastase-resistant cytoplasmic granules, but was negative for Perl's iron stain. Based on the gross, histopathologic and special staining, this cat was diagnosed as apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of apocrine sweat gland adenocarcinoma around abdominal mammary gland in a cat.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.233-237
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• 2007

Tropical natives (TROP) are capable of tolerating tropical heat because of their long-term adaptation to tropical environments. When exposed to heat stress, these natives tend to respond with lower sweat output, which is generally thought to be the result of heat acclimatization. The main objective of this study was to clarify central mechanisms inherent to suppressed thermal sweating in tropical natives (Malaysians) by comparing their sweating responses to those of temperate native (TEMP) (Koreans). This experiment was conducted in a thermoneutral climatic chamber ($24{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C,\;40{\pm}3%$ relative humidity). Heat loads were applied to each subject by the immersion of their lower legs in a hot water bath ($43^{\circ}C$ for 30 min). Sweat onset-time and sweat volume were compared between TROP and TEMP. The sweat onset-times on four selected points on the body ranged from 10.25 to 13.47 min in TEMP subjects, and from 16.24 to 17.83 min in TROP subjects (p<0.001). The local sweat volumes at the same sites ranged from 4.30 to $9.74 mg/cm^2$ in TEMP subjects, and from between 1.80 to $4.40mg/cm^2$ in TROP subjects (p<0.001). These results demonstrated a significant difference between TROP and TEMP subjects with regard to the manner in which they regulate their body temperatures when exposed to heat loads, and verified that long-term thermal adaptation blunts sweating sensitivities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.558-571
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to verify the difference in diet, digestion, sweat, feces and urination characteristics according to body shape characteristic. Methods : 1,302 participants were divided into 4 body types and were assessed through the questionnaire about Sasang constitution's ordinary symptoms such as diet, digestion, sweat, feces and urination characteristics. Results : Hyeong-keum type had active characteristics in the size of their meal and speed of taking meal. Hyeong-keum type got the most in the amount of sweating. And Yo-wi type reported the greatest urinary frequency. Conclusions : The difference of body type influences Sasang constitution's ordinary symptoms such as diet, sweat and urination. In digestion and feces, there was no statistical significance in the difference.