• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2023

As a result of analyzing 469 Armoured cusk, Hoplobrotula armata, the range of total length was 10.5~63.5 cm and average total length was 30.3 cm. Using the IRI, shrimps were mainly prey component constituted 63.6%, followed by fishes, crabs, anomurans. The result of analysis in ontogenetic changes, shrimps were the most dominant prey in all size groups except for the ≥40.0 cm size group, and fishes were the most dominant prey in the size group of ≥40.0 cm. When the mean number of prey per stomach (mN/ST) and the mean weight of prey per stomach (mW/ST) were analyzed, mN/ST showed a significant difference (one-way ANOVA, P<0.05), but mW/ST did not (one-way ANOVA, P>0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.255-260
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• 2023

As demanding the detection of explosive molecules, it is required to develop rapidly and precisely responsive sensors with ultra-high sensitivity. Since two-dimensional semiconductors have an atomically thin body nature where mobile carriers accumulate, the abrupt modulation carrier in the thin body channel can be expected. To investigate the effectiveness of WSe₂ semiconductor materials as a detection material for TNT (Trinitrotoluene) explosives, WSe₂ was synthesized using thermal chemical vapor deposition, and afterward, WSe₂ FETs (Field Effect Transistors) were fabricated using standard photo-lithograph processes. Raman Spectrum and FT-IR (Fourier-transform infrared) spectroscopy reveal that the adsorption of TNT molecules induces the structural transition of WSe₂ crystalline. The electrical properties before and after adsorption of TNT molecules on the WSe₂ surface were compared; as -50 V was applied as the back gate bias, 0.02 μA was recorded in the bare state, and the drain current increased to 0.41 μA with a dropping 0.6% (w/v) TNT while maintaining the p-type behavior. Afterward, the electrical characteristics were additionally evaluated by comparing the carrier mobility, hysteresis, and on/off ratio. Consequently, the present report provides the milestone for developing ultra-sensitive sensors with rapid response and high precision.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.2082-2093
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• 2021

Objective: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the tissue adequacy and complication rates of percutaneous transthoracic needle biopsy (PTNB) for molecular analysis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Materials and Methods: We performed a literature search of the OVID-MEDLINE and Embase databases to identify original studies on the tissue adequacy and complication rates of PTNB for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC published between January 2005 and January 2020. Inverse variance and random-effects models were used to evaluate and acquire meta-analytic estimates of the outcomes. To explore heterogeneity across the studies, univariable and multivariable metaregression analyses were performed. Results: A total of 21 studies with 2232 biopsies (initial biopsy, 8 studies; rebiopsy after therapy, 13 studies) were included. The pooled rates of tissue adequacy and complications were 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.6%-92.6%; I² = 0.81) and 17.3% (95% CI: 12.1%-23.1%; I² = 0.89), respectively. These rates were 93.5% and 22.2% for the initial biopsies and 86.2% and 16.8% for the rebiopsies, respectively. Severe complications, including pneumothorax requiring chest tube placement and massive hemoptysis, occurred in 0.7% of the cases (95% CI: 0%-2.2%; I² = 0.67). Multivariable meta-regression analysis showed that the tissue adequacy rate was not significantly lower in studies on rebiopsies (p = 0.058). The complication rate was significantly higher in studies that preferentially included older adults (p = 0.001). Conclusion: PTNB demonstrated an average tissue adequacy rate of 89.3% for molecular analysis in patients with NSCLC, with a complication rate of 17.3%. PTNB is a generally safe and effective diagnostic procedure for obtaining tissue samples for molecular analysis in NSCLC. Rebiopsy may be performed actively with an acceptable risk of complications if clinically required.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2023

Diet composition and feeding strategy of the largehead hairtail, Trichiurus japonicas were studied using 375 specimens collected by purse seine, set net fisheries and lure fishing from February 2021 to January 2022 in the southern sea of Korea. The anal length (AL) of these specimens was from 3.4~49.0 cm. T. japonicus fed majorly on Fishes (especially Engraulis japonicus) based on ranking index (%RI=99.3). Fishes were the main prey items for all size classes. T. japonicas also showed size-related dietary shift from E. japonicus to T. japonicus, Larimichthys polyactis and Engraulidae. Fishes were the main prey items for all seasons. The main fish prey during spring and summer was E. japonicus, but in the autumn and winter, the E. japonicus portion decreased, and T. japonicus, L. polyactis, and Engraulidae portion increased. T. japonicus were specialized feeders with E. japonicus as their dominant prey.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.340-346
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• 2023

The diet composition of Engraulis japonicus were studied using 1,087 specimens collected by set net fisheries and boat seine fisheries in the coastal waters of Tongyeong, Korea. The size of the specimens ranged from 1.9 to 14.7 cm in fork length. E. japonicus was fed mainly on Copepods, which constituted 50.4% of IRI, followed by Euphausiids, which constituted 47.3% of IRI. Graphical analysis of the diet composition showed that E. japonicus was specialist predator. The result of analysis in ontogenetic changes significantly exhibited among size classes (<8.0 cm, 8.0~10.0 cm, 10.0~12.0 cm, ≥12.0 cm). The proportion of Euphausiids increased, as body size of E. japonicas increased whereas the consumption of Copepods decreased. In the Spring, Autumn and Winter, the diet was dominated by Copepods. In the Summer, the diet was dominated by Euphausiids.

• BMB Reports
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• v.56 no.12
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• pp.663-668
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• 2023

C-reactive protein (CRP) is an inflammatory marker and risk factor for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. However, the mechanism through which CRP induces myocardial damage remains unclear. This study aimed to determine how CRP damages cardiomyocytes via the change of mitochondrial dynamics and whether survivin, an anti-apoptotic protein, exerts a cardioprotective effect in this process. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with CRP and found increased intracellular ROS production and shortened mitochondrial length. CRP treatment phosphorylated ERK1/2 and promoted increased expression, phosphorylation, and translocation of DRP1, a mitochondrial fission-related protein, from the cytoplasm to the mitochondria. The expression of mitophagy proteins PINK1 and PARK2 was also increased by CRP. YAP, a transcriptional regulator of PINK1 and PARK2, was also increased by CRP. Knockdown of YAP prevented CRP-induced increases in DRP1, PINK1, and PARK2. Furthermore, CRP-induced changes in the expression of DRP1 and increases in YAP, PINK1, and PARK2 were inhibited by ERK1/2 inhibition, suggesting that ERK1/2 signaling is involved in CRP-induced mitochondrial fission. We treated H9c2 cardiomyocytes with a recombinant TAT-survivin protein before CRP treatment, which reduced CRP-induced ROS accumulation and reduced mitochondrial fission. CRP-induced activation of ERK1/2 and increases in the expression and activity of YAP and its downstream mitochondrial proteins were inhibited by TAT-survivin. This study shows that mitochondrial fission occurs during CRP-induced cardiomyocyte damage and that the ERK1/2-YAP axis is involved in this process, and identifies that survivin alters these mechanisms to prevent CRP-induced mitochondrial damage.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.481-491
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• 2024

Paxlovid is the first approved oral treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 and includes nirmatrelvir, a protease inhibitor targeting the main protease (M^pro) of SARS-CoV-2, as one of the key components. While some specific mutations emerged in M^pro were revealed to significantly reduce viral susceptibility to nirmatrelvir in vitro, there is no report regarding resistance to nirmatrelvir in patients and animal models for SARS-CoV-2 infection yet. We recently developed xenograft tumors derived from Calu-3 cells in immunodeficient mice and demonstrated extended replication of SARS-CoV-2 in the tumors. In this study, we investigated the effect of nirmatrelvir administration on SARS-CoV-2 replication. Treatment with nirmatrelvir after virus infection significantly reduced the replication of the parental SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron at 5 days post-infection (dpi). However, the virus titers were completely recovered at the time points of 15 and 30 dpi. The virus genomes in the tumors at 30 dpi were analyzed to investigate whether nirmatrelvir-resistant mutant viruses had emerged during the extended replication of SARS-CoV-2. Various mutations in several genes including ORF1ab, ORF3a, ORF7a, ORF7b, ORF8, and N occurred in the SARS-CoV-2 genome; however, no mutations were induced in the M^pro sequence by a single round of nirmatrelvir treatment, and none were observed even after two rounds of treatment. The parental SARS-CoV-2 and its sublineage isolates showed similar IC₅₀ values of nirmatrelvir in Vero E6 cells. Therefore, it is probable that inducing viral resistance to nirmatrelvir in vivo is challenging differently from in vitro passage.

• Clinical Endoscopy
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.703-725
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• 2022

Colonoscopic polypectomy is effective in decreasing the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer (CRC). Premalignant polyps discovered during colonoscopy are associated with the risk of metachronous advanced neoplasia. Postpolypectomy surveillance is the most important method for the management of advanced metachronous neoplasia. A more efficient and evidence-based guideline for postpolypectomy surveillance is required because of limited medical resources and concerns regarding colonoscopy complications. In these consensus guidelines, an analytic approach was used to address all reliable evidence to interpret the predictors of CRC or advanced neoplasia during surveillance colonoscopy. The key recommendations state that the high-risk findings for metachronous CRC following polypectomy are as follows: (1) adenoma ≥10 mm in size; (2) 3 to 5 (or more) adenomas; (3) tubulovillous or villous adenoma; (4) adenoma containing high-grade dysplasia; (5) traditional serrated adenoma; (6) sessile serrated lesion (SSL) containing any grade of dysplasia; (7) serrated polyp of at least 10 mm in size; and (8) 3 to 5 (or more) SSLs. More studies are needed to fully comprehend the patients most likely to benefit from surveillance colonoscopy and the ideal surveillance interval to prevent metachronous CRC.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.77
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• pp.151-169
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• 2024

Purpose of the Study : This research aims to examine the core values of ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) from a Christian perspective and explore the direction of Christian education that fosters character traits such as service, compassion, responsibility, and sharing through the process of design thinking. Content and Method of the Study : By investigating the background and definition of ESG, ESG practices in businesses, and the current status and values of ESG education in universities, this study examined the core values of ESG from a Christian perspective. Subsequently, the study explored and proposed directions for applying ESG education methods infused with character traits such as service, compassion, responsibility, and sharing through the process of design thinking. Conclusion and Recommendations : Through this study, the core values of ESG have been derived as elements from a Christian perspective, and exploration has been made on how to integrate them into the design thinking process. Consequently, this study has identified the potential to integrate ESG into the design thinking process with a focus on elements from the perspective of Christian education. This could serve as foundational material for education seeking to apply ESG through the integration of design thinking, and it is hoped that it will be helpful as a basis for further research. Subsequent studies should aim to construct a more systematic framework for the direction proposed in this study through expert reviews.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.299-319
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• 2024

This study examined the actor-effects and partner-effects of overt narcissism as a personality factor and conflict resolution styles as an interpersonal factor on marital satisfaction among couples. Data were collected from 337 couples through a survey conducted by a research institute. Structural equation modeling and individual mediation effects were verified using the Actor-Partner Interdependence Mediation Model (APIMeM) in the AMOS 28.0 program. The results of this study are as follows: First, both husbands' and wives' extraversion showed direct self-effects on their own marital satisfaction. Additionally, husbands' overt narcissism demonstrated a direct partner-effect on wives' marital satisfaction. Second, overt narcissism in both husbands and wives showed indirect self-effects through conflict resolution styles on marital satisfaction. Higher levels of husbands' overt narcissism influenced wives' maladaptive conflict resolution styles, which in turn affected marital satisfaction for both husbands and wives. This study highlights the importance of husbands' overt narcissism and wives' conflict resolution styles as significant variables influencing marital satisfaction. It suggests that differentiated interventions considering overt narcissism traits and gender-specific characteristics could potentially enhance marital satisfaction for couples.