• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2021

This study was a retrospective descriptive study to identify frequency and change of palliative care provided for older patients with terminal stage of cardiopulmonary disease before and after life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision making. As a result of chart review of 124 older patients in a university hospital, oral analgesics medication, cold and hot therapy for pain management, antibiotics medication and urine culture for urinary infection, oral care, hair wash, and partial bath were provided significantly less after LST decision making. Provision of praying and relaxation therapy for pain control, oral and nasal care, and emotional care were not changed before and after LST decision making. Spiritual care was the least provided care. Therefore, non-pharmacological pain management, emotional care, and spiritual care need to be improved for older patients with terminal cardiopulmonary disease at the end of life.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.445-448
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• 2005

A new high efficiency phase shifted full bridge (PSFB) converter for sustaining power module of plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed in this paper .The proposed converter employs the rectifier of voltage doubler type without output inductor. Since it has no output inductor, the voltage stresses of the secondary rectifier diodes can be clamped at the level of the output voltage. Therefore, no dissipative resistor-capacitor (RC) snubber for rectifier diodes is needed and a high efficiency as well as low noise cutout voltage can be realized. In addition, due to elimination of the large output inductor, it features a simple structure, lower cost, less mass, and lighter weight. Furthermore, the proposed converter has wide zero voltage switching (ZVS ) ranges with low current stresses of the primary switches. Also the resonance between the leakage inductor of the transformer and the capacitor of the voltage doubler cell makes the current stresses of the primary switches and rectifier diodes reduced. In this paper, the operational principles, analysis of the proposed converter, and the experimental results are presented.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.330-340
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to identify the level of Korean elderly's knowledge regarding concepts of end-of-life (EOL), Life-sustaining-treatment (LST), and advance directives (AD) which are critical aspects for establishing AD in Korean society. Methods: A questionnaire survey was done between October 2011 and February 2012. Knowledge of AD was evaluated with 3 aspects including EOL, LST, and AD utilizing a questionnaire that was developed by authors for the study. Data were collected from 268 community dwelling elderly from three cities and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, one-way analysis of variance, and a Scheffe post hoc test with SAS Ver. 9.1 program. Results: Overall, Korean elderly were poorly acquainted with AD related concepts. Significant differences in awareness of AD including understanding of EOL, the level of comprehension of LST, and knowledge about AD were revealed by gender, education level, economic state, and acquaintance with terms of AD or LST. Conclusion: To acknowledge autonomy and support quality of life for elderly and to meet the purpose of AD, attention should be given to target populations including elderly in terms of knowledge level related to AD, social marketing, and infra structure relevant to practice AD in our society.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.785-793
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• 2006

The topic of this study is the control strategy of a mild hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with a continuously variable transmission (CVT). A brief powertrain and vehicle configuration is introduced followed by the control strategy of the HEV with emphasis on two key parts. One of them is an ideal operating surface (IOS) that operates the CVT powertrain optimally from the viewpoint of the tank-to-wheel efficiency. The other is a charge sustaining energy management to maintain the battery state of charge (SOC) within an appropriate level. The fuel economy simulation results of the HEV over standard driving cycles were compared with those of the baseline vehicle. Depending on the driving cycle, 1.3-20% fuel saving potential is predicted by the mild hybridisation using an integrated starter alternator (ISA). The detailed energy flow analysis shows that the majority of the improvement comes from the idle stop function and the benefits for electrical accessories. Additionally, the differences between the initial and the final SOC are in the range $-1.0{\sim}+3.8%$ in the examined cycle.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.279-291
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• 2001

Rapid progress in modern medical technology has made it possible to sustain life and/or delay death using 'heroic' treatments. The availability of life-sustaining treatment brings several issues in end-of-life care such as 'dying with dignity' and an radical increase in health care costs. The use of Advance Directives(AD) have been widely heralded by health care providers, gerontologists, and advocacy groups as means of protecting patients' right to accept or refuse life-sustaining treatment in end-of-life care. The use of AD can not only improve patients' autonomy and quality of life but also bring efficiency in distributing health care resources. The proportion of older persons in Korean population has been increasing. Those 65 years of age or over were about 7 percent of the population. Death and dying is not limited to older persons, but it is more prevalent among them. In conjunction with an aging population and the increasing prevalence of death, the issues of death and dying will become crucial in near future in terms of 'dying with dignity', 'autonomy', and 'self-control'. This paper attempts to explode and establish the concept of advance directives (AD) based on literature review. Data sources are computer searches with the MEDLINE database. Due to the lack of prior study on AD for a Korean cases, studies abroad are reviewed. This paper suggests the need for future study on the possibility of the use of AD in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.202-206
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• 2001

The purpose of this research was to study the influence of machining characteristics for aluminum alloys. The effect of metallic microstructural variables on the measures of machinability of aluminum alloys has no been adequately investigated. Machining Characteristics are influenced significantly by mechanical characteristics, composition and structure of material etcs. For improvement of machining characteristics, various studies are reported. In this paper, composition elements add to aluminum alloys within the limit of sustaining mechanical characteristics of metallic material. We have analyzed dynamic characteristics of cutting resistance, tensile strength value, hardness value etcs.

• Journal of Institute of Convergence Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.67-70
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• 2014

Recently EU has been recognized that there is a difference of emission quantity between emission certification test mode and real-road driving test. Accordingly the European Commission is currently preparing to require real-road testing as part of the passenger car type-approval process in the EU. vehicle manufacturers from 2017 are expected to test new vehicles not only under laboratory conditions but also on the real-road, using PEMS equipment. Therefore the purpose of this study is to analyze the emission and Fuel Economy of CVS-75 mode test using chassis dynamometer and RDE test using PEMS equipment by PHEV passenger car.

• Transactions of the Society of Information Storage Systems
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.54-58
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• 2007

Using metal/Si materials as a recording layer, we have achieved good results for a SR disc (super resolution disc). Mainly by controlling metal composition and the ratio of metal to Si of recording layer, signal qualities were greatly enhanced. At the mark length of 75nm, the best CNR (Carrier to Noise Ratio) was about 45dB. Write power was reduced down to about 6.5mW. LFN (Low Frequency Noise) could also be reduced down to 14dB. Single tone pattern jitters for every mark whose length is from 2T through 8T were achieved to be below 10%. The readout signal was stable sustaining CNR>40dB during about 15,000 times reading. The so-called "3T-problem" could be avoided.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2005.07a
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• pp.399-401
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• 2005

A new high performance energy-recovery circuit (ERC) for a plasma display panel (PDP) is proposed. Two different ERCs are employed on both sides of the PDP, and slow falling and fast rising times are applied. It features a zero voltage switching (ZVS), low electromagnetic interference (EMI), low current stress, high efficiency, no severe voltage notch, reduced sustaining voltage, and high energy-recovery capability.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.228-248
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• 2005

This paper suggests the concept of the innovation management. Above all it is important to make excellent application of the management for the S&T Research Council and Government Sponsored Research Institutes. This paper will discuss three critical issues that is, the first, what makes clear a point of different strategy for the organizational and the technological innovation focused organization. Second, how makes containing the environmental factors and the target of the innovation into the innovation management strategy. Third, how achieves the performance through the managing innovation. We present a modified BSC strategy in order to manage innovation and to set up a platform for sustaining to deal with the innovation.