• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.15-45
• /
• 1996

The sustained economic growth cannot be expected without the balanced development in all the realms of industries. Korea has recorded the continuous high growth rate of economy, but it is now facing some difficulties in keeping the normal economic growth, because industrial workers do not like to work in some fields, the typical one of which is the fishery works. This thesis aims at studying the determinants of fishermen's job satisfaction(FJS) and the determinants of affecting the fishermen's trunover intention(FTI) to obtain and maintain the man power for fishing boats. This study assumes that the determinants which affact FJS are fishermen's work values, job characteristics, the attitude of accepting their fishery work, and that the determinants which affect FTI are FJS and their perceptions of labor market. This study concerns two kinds of Job satisfaction : one is an intrinsic satisfaction which comes directly from the work itself, and the other is an extrinsic satisfaction comes from the compensation for the work, but in this study “Pollnac's work satisfaction factor” is added as an additional determinant of FJS. There is a difference in job satisfactions between the individuals who have different work values. Some feel more satisfacttion than the others, which can be explained by the internal work values which assume the work is only a means for another objective of life. This study applies Hackman and 014ham's studies to the job characteristics that a worker's job satisfaction is positively related to the core job characteristis of the job. In addition, this study transformed their studies into variables. A job enrichment to reduce the simplicity of a work and make it more valueable can increase a job satisfaction, but an existing organization has limitation in redesigning the job for its enrichment. A reasonable answer about this matter can be obtained from the workers' subjective perceptins to highly regard the objective job characteristics. Worker's previews of fishery work also affect their job satisfaction because they are already informed of the details and charcteristics of the job that they have to carry out. A Job dissatisfaction causes their intention to leave jobs owing to general perceptions prevailing in labor markets.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.523-528
• /
• 2010

With the financial crisis from USA had negative impacts on the real economy, base metals price on LME was downward in 4 quarter of 2008. Following the deepest global downturn in recent history, economic growth solidified and broadened to advanced countries and simultaneously the price of base metal on LME showed a rising curve over 2009. There are three factors supported an upward tendency of base metal's price. The First factor is the US economy recovery, the second factor is the weak dollar, the third factor is the chinese base metal demand. Among the factors, the last one is a major factor. Therefore, this study analyze the factor of the movement of price of base metal with linear regression analysis. The result of analysis show that the chinese GDP growth has effect on the recent upward base metal price. Despite the result, the upward movement is difficult to be sustained without the full recovery of advanced economies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.433-449
• /
• 1992

Three horticultural herbaceous plants and a natural herbaceous plant were tested to determine the growth responses, biomass and uptake of cadmium(cd), lead(pb) by application of cd and pb soil treatment in pot culture. The ecological effects on the growth of the plants were investigated to determine the tolerance for the heavy metal pollutants cd and pb. the marginal concentrain of cd treatment on the growth of the each plant was below the 1, 000 ppm treatment of cd. The marginal concentration of pb treatment was below the 1, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of salvia splendens ker., celosia cristata l. and below the 3, 000ppm treatment of pb in cultivation of portulaca grandiflora hook., sedum saramentosum bunge. the resistance for cd of sedum saramentosum bunge, celosia criastata l., portulaca grandiflora hook. and salvia splendens ker. was in the listed order. The resistence for pb was in order of sedum saramentosum bunge, portulaca grandiflora hook. Salvia splendens ker.and celosia criastata l.stems. The flowering of portulaca grandiflora hook. was sustained in the pb 1, 000ppm treated group only. The higher the concentration of pb in the soil cultivated the plants was, the less the content of leaf chlorophy11 in each plant was. The number of stomata per unit leaf area was the highest in salvia splendens ker. and in order of celosia l., sedum saramentosum bunge., portulaca grandiflora hook., the higher the cd and pb concentration of cd and pb treatment was, the more the concent of cd and pb in the part of each plant increased. the content of cd and pb in the stems of salvia spiendens ker. was the highest in the 1, 000ppm-treated ground and in order of the roots, the leaves and the flowers.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.551-561
• /
• 2017

Purpose: This study aimed to present and test a structural model for describing and predicting the factors affecting subjective career satisfaction of nurses experiencing rotation and to develop human resources management strategies for promoting their career satisfaction related to rotation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 233 nurses by convenience sampling who had over 1 year of career experience and who had experienced rotation at least once at G university hospital. Data were collected from August to September in 2016 using self-reported questionnaires. The exogenous variables consisted of rotation perception and rotation stress. Endogenous variables consisted of career growth opportunity, work engagement, and subjective career satisfaction. A hypothetical model was tested by asymptotically distribution-free estimates, and model goodness of fit was examined using absolute fit, incremental fit measures. Results: The final model was approved and had suitable fit. We found that subjective career satisfaction was directly affected by rotation stress (${\beta}=.20$, p=.019) and work engagement (${\beta}=.58$, p<.001), indirectly affected by rotation perception (${\beta}=.43$, p<.001) through career growth opportunity and work engagement. However, there was no total effect of rotation stress on subjective career satisfaction (${\beta}=-.09$, p=.270). Career growth opportunity directly and indirectly affected subjective career satisfaction (${\beta}=.29$, p<.001; ${\beta}=.28$, p<.001). These variables accounted for 65% of subjective career satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that it is necessary to establish systematic and planned criteria for rotation so that nurses can grow and develop through sustained work and become satisfied with their career.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.246-250
• /
• 2009

The Ni formation behavior from the reduction of NiO nano crystals in the $H_2/N_2$ gas mixtures. The NiO nano crystals were synthesized by heat-treating nickel nitrate$(Ni(NO_3)_2\cdot6H_O)$ in the air at $500^{\circ}C$, and had an octahedral shape and the particle size of 200~500 nm. The NiO nano-crystals had well-developed (111) planes which is hardly formed in normal synthetic conditions. The reduction process was carried out at 300 and $600^{\circ}C$ for 15 and 60 minutes, respectively. When the NiO nano-crystals were reduced at $300^{\circ}C$, the Ni particles sustained the same octahedral shape as NiO, while Ni particles were to agglomerate at $600^{\circ}C$.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2015

A natural mixed stand of Phragmites australis and Phacelurus latifolius was studied to clarify the distribution properties in a microsite in a tidal flat of Suncheon Bay. The height, density, and biomass of the shoots, as well as the biomass of the root system, were monitored for both species along with the altitude on a mound from June 2010 to October 2013. Firstly, the mean height and dry weight of both species were similar during the growth season. However, individual variations of the sizes of plants in the same species were noticeable. Secondly, the density and dry weight per unit area of P. latifolius increased, but that of P. australis decreased with the altitude on the mound. Thirdly, the root system (rhizomes and roots) of P. latifolius was mostly located in the upper layer (up to 20 cm depth), while that of P. australis was in the lower layer (over 70 cm depth) of the sediment. The roots of P. australis penetrated to the lower parts of the water table, while the roots of P. latifolius did not make contact with free water of the sediment. Fourthly, the removal of the shoot in the early growth season led to a visible reduction of biomass in the late growth season. The reduction rate was larger in P. latifolius than in P. australis. Lastly, in the area where the mound was removed, the density of P. australis increased in the first two years (2010-2011) and was highly sustained inthe last two years (2012-2013). However, the density of P. latifolius was low, and this plant was distributed at the edge of the mound only.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.72-77
• /
• 2009

Here, we demonstrate that the overexpression of the GroELS chaperone system, which assists the folding of intracellular proteins and prevents aggregation of its biological targets, can enhance the thermotolerance of Escherichia coli strains and facilitate the production of recombinant protein under thermal stress. The overexpression of GroELS led to an about 2-fold higher growth rate of E. coli XL-1 blue than control at $45^{\circ}C$ and induced the growth of the strain even at $50^{\circ}C$, although the growth was not sustained in the second-round culture. The effect of GroELS overexpression was also effective on other E. coli strains such as JM109, $DH5{\alpha}$, and BL21. Finally, we have shown that coexpression of GroELS allows us to produce recombinant protein even at $50^{\circ}C$, a temperature at which the protein production based on E. coli is not efficient. This study indicates that the employment of the GroELS overexpression system can expand the range of environmental conditions for E. coli.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.397-425
• /
• 2003

This paper develops a simple theoretical model that is consistent with the empirical evidence of an inverted U-shpated relationship between pollution and per capita income, which is so-called environmental Kuznets curve in this literature. Also, by incorporating the issue of environmental externality into an endogenous growth model, I investigate the circumstances under which growth can be sustained with the optimal control of pollution, and hence the sustainable development can be achieved. In order to study the problem of implementing the social optimum in a market economy, I examine the optimality of three different kinds of environmental policy instruments; pollution tax, pollution-permit trading system (pollution voucher), and direct regulation. This paper shows that the optimum can be implemented with a pollution tax or with a voucher system. Also, it is shown that the socially optimal rate of pollution tax should increase proportionally to the growth rate of consumption.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.609-615
• /
• 2011

A 5 kW class SOFC system for cogeneration power units was consisted of a hot box part and cold BOPs. High temperature components such as a stack, a fuel reformer, a catalytic combustor, and heat exchanges are arranged in the bot box considering their operating temperatures for the system efficiency. The hot box was made of ceramic boards for the thermal insulation. A 5 kW class SOFC stack was composed of 2 sub-modules and each module had 64 cells with $15{\times}15cm^2$ area and stainless steel interconnects. The 5 kW class SOFC system was operated with a hydrogen and a city gas. With a hydrogen, the total power of the stacks was about 7.1 kWDC and electrical efficiency was about 49.3% at 80 A. With a city gas, the total power of the stacks was about 5.7 $kW_{DC}$ and electrical efficiency was about 38.8% at 60 A. Under self-sustained operating condition, the system efficiency including a power conditioning loss and a consumed power by BOPs was about 30.2%.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.27-63
• /
• 1998

This paper focuses on the history of fisheries finance in Korea, especially the role of fisheries finance after the establishments of korean fisheries cooperative. We can say that our fisheries was influenced greatly by the fisheries finance. It may be preyed by the facts that our fisheries experienced a great growth right after the input of big fisheries finance. The products of fisheries has increased from 1962 to now And the structure of the fisheries has improved. But there were unequal development in the each sectors of fisheries. Though the deep sea fishery and farming has developed faster, coastal fishing that are absorbing nearly 90% of fisheries population has stagnated. Of course it was because of unequal financial assistance by Authority. So to improve fisheries evenly, it is very important to overcome various problems that have encountered including the new circumstances like the WTO. For this, lots of steps should be taken. They can be summarized as follows. 1) It may be inevitable to see a rising costs in the deep sea fishery because of the declaration of EEZ by almost every nation. 2) So coastal fishing should be getting more important. It is necessary to improve the structure of coastal fishing and we should be ready to prepare various alternatives far self-sustained growth in coastal fishing. 3) Especially fisheries finance should play more active role. 4) Self-sustainable growth means a fishery with full compatability. For full compatability it is necessary to give financial supports far making fishing ground and equipping anti-pollution system and labour saving apparatus etc. 5) Also to raise the ratio of self-support in fisheries products it is necessary to give financial support to traditional financial system. 6) Moreover it is necessary to guide utilization of finance supplied. For this the committee that is consists of professional people in that field is strongly asked. This committee should be entitled to decide and coordinate the selection of projects, allocation of finance, method of utilization and evaluation of projects etc.