• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2023

The aging population, particularly those aged 65 and above, is on the rise, with projections indicating a substantial increase in the elderly demographic. This demographic shift brings challenges in managing age-related diseases, including head and neck cancers (HNCs). Frailty, often characterized by physiological decline and vulnerability to stressors, is a crucial factor affecting treatment outcomes of elderly cancer patients. Accordingly, the significance of assessing frailty in elderly HNC patients before their treatment should be emphasized, but current frailty assessment tools may not fully capture the unique challenges faced by HNC patients. Specific indicators, including respiratory and swallowing functions, are proposed for a more tailored assessment. This comprehensive review explores the impact of frailty on various treatment modalities, including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, highlighting the need for personalized interventions. Furthermore, it suggests avenues for future research to enhance frailty assessment tools and investigate interventions aimed at improving treatment outcomes in elderly HNC patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.85 no.1
• /
• pp.34-43
• /
• 1996

We investigated the vegetation structure, and effects of canopy degree(gap or purlieu to 25%, 50%, 75%, over 75%) of the overstory on seedling regeneration and survivorship, and sapling density, growth and growth type of Abies koreana in subalpine of Mt. Chiri. The stem density in Abies koreana stand was higher in middle story than upper story, individual trees in upper story occupied larger area and were more apart, resulted in uniform distribution. The regeneration and survivorship of seedlings and saplings were best in 25% of crown closure, in order of 50%, gap, but lowest in over 75% of crown closure. The annual growth rate and recent 5 years growth rate of saplings were highest in gap or purlieu and getting lower toward gradually higher coverage of overstory. And 10- to 20-Year-old saplings were mainly regenerated in stands with lower density(I or II), but most of 20 to 30 years old saplings were growing in stands with higher density (III or IV). The number of "A" type saplings grown normally in gap or purlieu was gradually decreased in stand with higher density but the number of "D" or "E" types of which growth was supressed or prohibited by the high density was abruptly increased. Saplings normally growing in the gap and purlieu showed the panicle type, but those grown under dense crown were greatly suppressed and showed the umbellate type.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.218-226
• /
• 2011

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the public attitude toward the development of national health program for cancer survivorship. Based on the results of this survey suggest the necessity of national health program for cancer survivorship. Methods: We surveyed 1,015 adults who were over 20 years of age from the sixteen cities and local districts of Korea. We conducted a telephone survey with a structured questionnaire on the post-treatment care at the nation and on the permission as the handicapped for cancer. Results: Fifty-six percent of respondents answered that post-treatment program at the national level is very necessary and twenty-seven percent replied that it is necessary. Respondents emphasized 'Expanding insurance coverage for post-treatment care' (29.8%) and 'Systematic education and rehabilitation programs after treatment' (25.6%). This study found that a lower educational level [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.04~1.77], earning under 300 per month [aOR=1.36; 95% CI=1.04~1.77], being married (60.2%) [aOR=1.79; 95% CI=1.34~2.37] and thought higher level of cancer treatment in Korea than the advanced (64.4%) [aOR=1.56; 95% CI=1.15~2.12] influenced the positive attitude toward a national health program. Sixty-eight percent of respondents answered 'Strongly agree' or 'agree' to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. People who have been married (72.4%) [aOR=1.89; 95% CI=1.41~2.53] and who have had a lower educational level [aOR=1.35; 95% CI=1.03~1.78] responded that they agree more to permission for cancer survivors as the handicapped. Conclusion: This study shows the positive public attitude of the public toward the national health program for the cancer survivors.

• Journal of the Korean Orthopaedic Association
• /
• v.56 no.1
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term clinical results and survivorship of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in elderly patients older than 70 years by analyzing cases that have been implanted for >10 years ago. Materials and Methods: The long-term follow-up results were evaluated in 39 patients (46 cases) who underwent medial UKA from March 2002 to February 2004. The mean age of the patients at the time of surgery was 74.0 years, and the preoperative diagnosis was degenerative arthritis of the knee in all cases. Results: Of the 46 cases, reoperation occurred due to the complications in four cases. In 22 cases without 14 cases of death and six cases of follow-up loss, follow-up more than 10 years was possible. The mean Knee Society knee and function scores improved significantly from 53.0 and 52.5 points pre-operatively to 89.4 and 80.9 points at the last follow-up, respectively (p<0.001). The mean range of motion of the knee recovered to 132.5°, and the mean tibiofemoral angle changed to 5.9° of valgus at the last follow-up. Complications following the UKA occurred in four cases; the most prevalent complication was mobile bearing dislocation (n=2). One case of failure occurred due to aseptic loosening and degenerative arthritis of the lateral compartment, respectively. The cumulative survival rate of the implants was 95.0% at 10 years and 85.7% at 15 years. Of the 40 cases, excluding six cases of follow-up loss, 36 cases (90.0%) could be used without reoperation until death or at the last follow-up after surgery. Conclusion: These results showed the outstanding functions of the knee and satisfactory long-term survivorship after UKA. Therefore, UKA could be a useful method for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee in elderly patients older than 70 years of age.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2011

This study was conducted to develop an artificial diet for the mugwort looper, Ascotis selenaria (Lepidoptera: Geometridae), which is an insect pest to leaves of citrus (Citrus unshiu). Corn and soybean powder were selected as main nutrient sources for larvae of A. selenaria after several diets consisted of wheat germ, corn, kidney bean and/or soybean were tested for larval development and survival. A higher amount of the main nutrients in the diet increased the larval survivorship. Addition of yeast and cholesterol in diet increased the larval survivorship. Finally the composition of diet was decided as followings; corn 100 g, soybean 100 g agar 25 g, Brewers' yeast 30 g, cholesterol 0.5 g, Vanderzant vitamin mixture 2 g, Wesson's salt mixture 2 g, sorbic acid 2 g, ascorbic acid 2 g, and methyl-4-hydroxybenzoate 2.5 g, and distilled water 1 liter. Development periods of larvae and pupae, survival rate and fecundity of A. selenaria reared on the diet were not significantly different with those on the host plant, citrus leaves. Larvae of early instars were reared in a group, while larvae of later instars (5-6th) were reared individually. Adult mating was conducted in a plastic cage and an oilpaper covered with a gauze was provided as an oviposition site.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.16 no.11
• /
• pp.4705-4710
• /
• 2015

Background: Though a large proportion of cancer survivors are assumed to be commonly affected by sleep disturbance, few studies have focused on short sleep problems and its correlates among Korean cancer survivors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of short sleep in adult cancer survivors from a nationwide population-based sample and to identify risk factors for short sleep duration. Materials and Methods: Based on the fourth and fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (2007-2012), 1,045 cancer survivors and 33,929 non-cancer controls were analyzed. The prevalence of short sleep was compared between these two groups. Associations between short sleep and its correlates were evaluated using multiple logistic regression among cancer survivors: odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were estimated after adjusting for sociodemographic factors, lifestyle factors, psychological conditions, and cancer-related factors. Results: About 8.1% of cancer survivors slept for less than 5 hours per day (6.2% men and 9.3% women), whereas this was the case for only 3.7% of non-cancer controls. Cancer survivors who had the lowest household income level showed a significantly higher likelihood for short sleep (adjusted OR 2.82, 95%CI 1.06-7.54). Self-reported poor health and depressive symptoms were found to be associated with significantly increased likelihood for short sleep in cancer survivors (adjusted OR 3.60, 95%CI 1.40-9.26 and adjusted OR 2.00, 95%CI 1.17-3.42). Gastric cancer survivors had a 3.97-fold increased risk for short sleep (95%CI 1.60-9.90). Conclusions: The prevalence of short sleep occurs at a high rate among the Korean cancer survivors, which may indicate a poorer quality of life and a higher risk of future complications in survivorship. Targeted interventions that can assist cancer survivors to cope with sleep disturbances as well as ensuring psychological stability are warranted to reduce the latent disease burden.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.32 no.4
• /
• pp.444-451
• /
• 1999

The effect of individual density on the growth and survival of Laminaria japonica was experimentally evaluated. Four density treatments of young sporophytes (0.63 cm In maximum length) grown in the laboratory were transplanted to the southeastern coast of Korea and their survivorship and growth rate were measured twice a month from January to July, 1996. Plants showed higher survivorship at low density. Final densities at three lowest densities were similar, ranging from 34 to 38 inds${\cdot}100 cm^{-2}$. Planis at the highest density, however, suffered greater decline than at lower densities, and only 21 plants remained at the end of this study. Mean frond size (length and width) fluctuated throughout the study period at four densities. During the first two mouths after outplanting, mean frond size was negatively correlated with initial density, However, the size was density independent after three months. As stand density increased, size-frequency distribution through time tended to be more positively skewed. The 10 largest plants grew faster in frond size and attained larger size in the lower density. There was a positive relationship between plant size and relative growth rate (or survival). The slope of yield-density (Y-D) relationships at four densities ranged from -0.060 to -0.137. The study suggests that density can strongly affect the survival and growth of this alga. The density-dependent survival and growth patterns, however, were not strictly consistent with those of terrestrial plants.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.60 no.4
• /
• pp.339-355
• /
• 2021

Aphids can damage plants directly by absorbing their phloem sap and indirectly by transferring plant viruses and causing sooty mold. We compared the thermal effect on the development, survivorship, and reproduction of four cereal crop-damaging aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi, Aulacorthum solani, Aphis craccivora, and Acyrthosiphon pisum using a life table analysis method. We investigated the stage-specific development period, survivorship, adult longevity, and fecundity of the above mentioned four aphids at 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively, and analyzed their life table parameters using the age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. A. solani nymphs could not complete their development to adulthood at 30℃. The intrinsic increase rate of R. padi was the highest at all tested temperatures except for that at 15℃ (0.12, 0.34, 0.47, and 0.32 at 10, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively), and that of A. pisum displayed negative values at 30℃ (-0.04). It is speculated that R. padi would be a dominant species under high temperature conditions and A. solani is a highly adaptive species at low temperatures through the comparative analysis of the life table parameters of four aphid species damaging to cereal crops.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.29 no.9
• /
• pp.996-1001
• /
• 2019

Edible insects are reported to be rich in protein, minerals and vitamins, and much attention has been paid to them as a future food source. In Korea, they were massively reared and sold. In order to enhance the market value of edible insects for industrialized mass production, it is important to develop the safe and nutritious feed sources for rearing them are needed. In this study, a chlorella-free control feed (Exp1) and six experimental feeds supplemented with 0.5~2.0% liquid or powder types of chlorella were formulated. Protaetia brevitarsis and Allomyrina dichotoma, registered as food ingredients in Korea, were fed with the designed feeds and parameters of growth including larval survivorship, larval body weight, and larval period were analyzed. When chlorella added, larval survivorship was increased 2~13%(p>0.05) and 9~22%(p<0.05) in each beetle compared to the control. Interestingly, the larval period of chlorella powder-added groups was shortened by 24 days (Exp3, p<0.05) in P. brevitarsis and 19 days (Exp4, p<0.01) in A. dichotoma. Meanwhile, some parameters, crude protein, crude fiber, copper, zinc, potassium, magnesium, and phosphorous, in chlorella-added groups of P. brevitarsis were also higher than the control group. Therefore, chlorella could promote the larval growth performance of these two beetles and be used as a feed additive in rearing them.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.287-293
• /
• 2023

A lot of individuals of Mythimna loreyi have been attracted to the sex-pheromone traps of Spodoptera frugiperda during recent few years. However, there is no information about this pest. Thus, an efficient mass-rearing method of M. loreyi is demanded to study this pest. In this study, we compared the effects of artificial diets and rearing methods on its larval development and oviposition to suggest an efficient mass-rearing method of M. loreyi. Between S. frugipera and Agrotis ipsilon artificial diets, A. ipsilon diet showed more rapid larval development with higher survivorship, and decreased pupa weights and oviposition numbers compared to S. frugipera diet. Moreover, a grouping rearing caused more rapid larva development, decreased pupa weight and survivorship compared to an individual rearing. Therefore, for mass-rearing of M. loreyi, it is considered efficient to rear the newly emerged larvae in groups using A. ipsilon artificial diet and then rearing them individually after second or third larval stadium.