• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제38권
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• pp.46.1-46.7
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• 2016

Background: Osteoradionecrosis is the most dreadful complication after head and neck irradiation. Orocutaneous fistula makes patients difficult to eat food. Fibular free flap is the choice of the flap for mandibular reconstruction. Osteocutaneous flap can reconstruct both hard and soft tissues simultaneously. This study was to investigate the success rate and results of the free fibular flap for osteoradionecrosis of the mandible and which side of the flap should be harvested for better reconstruction. Methods: A total of eight consecutive patients who underwent fibula reconstruction due to jaw necrosis from March 2008 to December 2015 were included in this study. Patients were classified according to stages, primary sites, radiation dose, survival, and quality of life. Results: Five male and three female patients underwent operation. The mean age of the patients was 60.1 years old. Two male patients died of recurred disease of oral squamous cell carcinoma. The mean dose of radiation was 70.5 Gy. All fibular free flaps were survived. Five patients could eat normal diet after operation; however, three patients could eat only soft diet due to loss of teeth. Five patients reported no change of speech after operation, two reported worse speech ability, and one patient reported improved speech after operation. The ipsilateral side of the fibular flap was used when intraoral soft tissue defect with proximal side of the vascular pedicle is required. The contralateral side of the fibular flap was used when extraoral skin defect with proximal side of the vascular pedicle is required. Conclusions: Osteonecrosis of the jaw is hard to treat because of poor healing process and lack of vascularity. Free fibular flap is the choice of the surgery for jaw bone reconstruction and soft tissue fistula repair. The design and selection of the right or left fibular is dependent on the available vascular pedicle and soft tissue defect sites.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 1997

The pilot plant had been made so as to be an association system from the various items managed to have degrees of efficiency and It have been done to consider the experimental result with irradiance period and pH influence of all major things to treatment function of Waste Stabilization Pond. The results are as following. The attained results for continuous & cyclic irradiance 1. 24L.-reactor was prior to 12L.-12D.-reactor on oxygen generation & algal production ability. 2. 24L.-reactor was prior to 12L.-12D.-reactor on nutrients removal efficiency. 3. In 24L.-reactor it maintained 5mg/L∼6mg/L, DO concent enough to a fish's survival. The attained results for pH condition 1. Oxygen generation ^ algal production in pH 4-reactor were higher than those in pH 10-reactor. 2. The acidic condition at pH 4 and alkalic condition at pH 10 did not so much affect an algal growth and nutrients removal. The attained results for whole 1. In view of the results appeared as [(NH3-N)+(NO3-N)] removal efficiency, 89.1%∼93.9% and PO4-P removal efficiency, 34.3%∼83.7% & COD removal efficiency, 88.5%∼93.9%. It is possible to treat the wastewater with starch and pH which have been known as thedifficult problem. 2. At the point of non using methanol to nitrificate NO3-N, the nutrients removal method by using an algal growth is the most economical method in the whole nutrients removal methods. 3. The nutrients removal method by using an algal growth contributes to natural ecosystem. 4. The nutrients removal method by using an algal growth is excellant in the prevention against the eutrophication.

• 한국미생물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물학회 2001년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.157-163
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• 2001

Mycolic acid-containing gram-positive bacteria, so called nocardioform actinomycetes, have become a great interest to environmental microbiologists due to their metabolic versatility, multidegradative capacity and potential for bioremediation of priority pollutants. For example, Rhodococcus rhodochrous N75 was able to metabolize 4-methy1catechol via a modified $\beta$-ketoadipate pathway whereby 4-methylmuconolactone methyl isomerase catalyzes the conversion of 4-methylmuconolactone to 3-methylmuconolactone in order to circumvent the accumulation of the 'dead-end' metabolite, 4-methylmuconolactone. R. rhodochrous N75 has also shown the ability to transform a range of alkyl-substituted catechols to the corresponding muconolactones. A novel 3-methylmuconolactone-CoAsynthetase was found to be involved in the degradation of 3-methylmuconolactone, which is not mediated in a manner analogous to the classical $\beta$-ketoadipate pathway but activated by the addition of CoA prior to hydrolysis of lactone ring, suggesting that the degradative pathway for methylaromatic compounds by gram-positive bacteria diverges from that of proteobacteria. Mycobacterium sp. Strain PYR-l isolated from oil-contaminated soil was capable of mineralizing various polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthrene, 1-nitropyrene, and 6-nitrochrysene. The pathways for degradation of PAHs by this organism have been elucidated through the isolation and characterization of chemical intermediates. 2-D gel electrophoresis of PAH-induced proteins enabled the cloning of the dioxygenase system containing a dehydrogenase, the dioxygenase small ($\beta$)-subunit, and the dioxygenase large ($\alpha$)-subunit. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the large a subunit did not cluster with most of the known sequences except for three newly described a subunits of dioxygenases from Rhodococcus spp. and Nocardioides spp. 2-D gel analysis also showed that catalase-peroxidase, which was induced with pyrene, plays a role in the PAH metabolism. The survival and performance of these bacteria raised the possibility that they can be excellent candidates for bioremediation purposes.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.85-87
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• 2011

C. albicans는 사람에게 병증을 유발하는 기회감염성 진균으로 효모형에서 균사형 및 위균사형으로 전환할 수 있다. 이러한 이형성의 감소나 상실은 병원성의 결여와 연관되어 있기에 C. albicans의 병원성에 가장 결정적인 요인으로 여겨진다. 선행 실험을 통하여 이중특이성 인산화 효소의 결손 균주에서 이형성의 감소를 관찰하였기에, 마우스 모델에서 병원성에 미치는 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 이중특이성 인산화 효소의 결손 균주를 감염시킨 경우, 마우스의 생존기간이 약 15일로 야생형의 3.9일보다 증가하였다. 또한 신장조직에 침투한 C. albicans의 세포수는 야생형에 비해 10배 가량 감소하였다. 본 연구는 C. albicans에서 이형성과 병원성에 연관된 이중특이성 인산화효소에 의한 새로운 신호전달기작의 가능성을 제시한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.140-145
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• 2018

Inducing genetic and morphological variation through conventional method is very difficult. Therefore, mutation induction through in vitro technology brings numerous advantages over the conventional breeding. Thus, the individual shoots (1 ~ 2 cm) were irradiated with gamma rays (10 ~ 70 Gy). The result revealed that the explants treated with higher doses (40, 50, 60, and 70 Gy) showed deleterious effects of ionizing radiation. The highest survival rate among ${\gamma}$ treated explants recorded was 71% in 10 Gy treatments while the lowest survivality was 15% in 70 Gy. Lethal dose 50% ($LD_{50}$) dose was found to be 33 Gy. In the in vitro condition, rooting reponse showed that increase in gamma irradiation dose resulted in the inhibition of root growth. Meanwhile, non-treated explants had the best rooting ability with the maximum number of root per explant (20) within a short period of time (6 days), with the highest root length of (15.1 cm). The longer period in rooting (12 days) and lowest number of root per explant (8) with shortest root length (10.1 cm) were recorded at 30 Gy treatment. The highest shoot length (13.6 cm) was observed at control treatment and the shortest shoot length (10.4 cm) was observed at 30 Gy. In the nursery, lowest leaf number (5) was observed at 30 Gy compared with other treatments. The highest chlorophyll content (49.8) was recorded at 10 Gy treated seedling. Irradiated explants with 10 Gy found to be superior over the control treatment and had positive effects in main growth parameters such as chlorophyll content.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.764-770
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• 2013

Stevia rebaudiana is a traditional herb used as a sweetener in Brazil and Paraguay as well as Korea and China. This study investigated the efficacy of Stevia rebaudiana methanol extract (SRE) to protect cells against the mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis in hepatocyte. To determine the effects of SRE on oxidative stress, we used the human derived hepatocyte cell line, HepG2 cell. Treatment of arachidonic acid (AA)+iron in HepG2 cells synergistically amplified cytotoxicity, as indicated by the excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial permeability transition by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) and immunoblot analysis. Treatment with SRE protected hepatocytes from AA+iron-induced cellular toxicity, as shown by alterations in the protein levels related with cell viability such as procaspase-3. SRE also prevented the mitochondrial dysfunction induced by AA+iron, and showed anti-oxidant effects as inhibition of $H_2O_2$ production and GSH depletion. Moreover, we measured the effects of SRE on AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulator in determining cell survival or death. Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC), a direct downstream target of AMPK. SRE increased phosphorylation of ACC, and prevented the inhibition of ACC phosphorylation by AA+iron. These results indicated that SRE has the ability to protect cells against AA+iron-induced $H_2O_2$ production and mitochondrial impairment, which may be mediated with AMPK-ACC pathway.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

종격동의 원발성 평활근육종은 극히 드문 종양으로 대혈관의 평활근세포나 내장쪽 종격동에 있는 중간엽세포에서 발생한다. 문헌보고에 따르면 종양의 완전절제 가능여부가 예후를 결정짓는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 그러나 30~64%의 재발율을 보이고 있으며 완전절제 후 보조요법의 역할에 대해서는 자료가 부족한 실정이다. 저자들은 2년 전 좌측 개흉술로 절제되어 양성종양으로 오진된 종격동 평활근육종의 재발을 치험하여 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2009

Edwardsiella tarda is a pathogen with a broad host range that includes human and animals. The E. tarda hemolysin (Eth) system, which comprises EthA and EthB, is a noted virulence element that is widely distributed in pathogenic isolates of E. tarda. Previous study has shown that the expression of ethB is regulated by iron, which suggests the possibility that the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) is involved in the regulation of ethB. The work presented in this report supports the previous findings and demonstrates that ethB expression was decreased under conditions when the E. tarda Fur ($Fur_{Et}$) was overproduced, and enhanced when $Fur_{Et}$ was inactivated. We also identified a second ethB regulator, EthR, which is a transcription regulator of the GntR family. EthR represses ethB expression by direct interaction with the ethB promoter region. In addition to ethB, EthR also modulates, but positively, luxS expression and AI-2 production by binding to the luxS promoter region. The expression of ethR itself is subject to negative autoregulation; interference with this regulation by overexpressing ethR during the process of infection caused (i) drastic changes in ethB and luxS expressions, (ii) vitiation in the tissue dissemination and survival ability of the bacterium, and (iii) significant attenuation of the overall bacterial virulence. These results not only provide new insights into the regulation mechanisms of the Eth hemolysin and LuxS/AI-2 quorum sensing systems but also highlight the importance of these systems in bacterial virulence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1894-1903
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus brevis KCCM 12203P isolated from the Korean traditional food kimchi and to evaluate the antioxidative activity and immune-stimulating potential of its heat-killed cells to improve their bio-functional activities. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, which is a representative commercial probiotic, was used as a comparative sample. Regarding probiotic properties, L. brevis KCCM 12203P was resistant to 0.3% pepsin with a pH of 2.5 for 3 h and 0.3% oxgall solution for 24 h, having approximately a 99% survival rate. It also showed strong adhesion activity (6.84%) onto HT-29 cells and did not produce β-glucuronidase but produced high quantities of leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, β-galactosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. For antioxidant activity, it appeared that viable cells had higher radical scavenging activity in the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while in the 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) assay, heat-killed cells had higher antioxidant activity. Additionally, L. brevis KCCM 12203P showed higher lipid oxidation inhibition ability than L. rhamnosus GG; however, there was no significant difference (p < 0.05) between heat-killed cells and control cells. Furthermore, heat-killed L. brevis KCCM 12203P activated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells without cytotoxicity at a concentration lower than 10⁸ CFU/ml and promoted higher gene expression levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6 than L. rhamnosus GG. These results suggest that novel L. brevis KCCM 12203P could be used as a probiotic or applied to functional food processing and pharmaceutical fields for immunocompromised people.

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.91-99
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• 2007

Modernity which is superficial phenomenon set off the mass scale for mass consumption and provide uniformly artificial environment. But natural destruction, environment pollution, resources exhaustion and so on has been caused by this and now ecology is threatened by destruction and damage beyond the limitation and human beings survival is even threatened. Accordingly furniture development for environment preservation considered environment problem is the urgent real situation. Recent paradigm is the concept of Eco-design which is the green design possible to live together in symbiosis, and new types of alternative furniture are needed in Korea as well. 'Furniture for disassembly' is presented as new method for alternative furniture. Furniture for disassembly can be presented by mainly two directions. The first main characteristic is what is assembled by the use of woodworking joints technique as an assembly structure system without any hardware. The second is what is presented as the structure possible to be assembled by simple manual tools with hardware without any glue. The advantages of furniture for disassembly are environment preservation, space application, transportation efficiency and shapeliness. In manufacture method which is different from present furniture, the application of traditional truss technique which uses various types of custom-made and connection technique in case of assemble structure system without hardware is the typical differences. This assembly method expects not only interest induction about assembly and disassembly of diagram per sub materials but also the development of emotion, the improvement of collaboration, space perception ability and shape sense, the improvement of solid body structure insight and so on, when it use in the furniture for children with the application to many kinds of structure with BANGDOOSANJ (Wedged), JUMUGJANGBU (Dovetail) or NABIEUNJANG (Dovetail Keys) and so on.