• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.239-245
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• 2012

Purpose: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a key role in tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis including induction of endothelial cell proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation. E7080 (S1164, Selleck chemical, Houston, TX, USA) is a muti-targeted kinase inhibitor, which targets VEGF receptor-2, 3 (VEGFR-2, 3) and inhibits survival and proliferation of tumor cell. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-tumor effect of E7080 on oral squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: An oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line, SCC-9 was used in this study. E7080 was applied to SCC-9 cells by 3 different concentrations (1, 5, 10 ${\mu}g/mL$). Control means no application of E7080. The cellular growth was evaluated by real-time cell electronic sensing and MTT assay. The signal transduction was evaluated by Western blotting. Results: In experimental group, SCC-9 cell proliferation was decreased and the VEGFR-3 downstream pathways were inhibited compared with control. Furthermore, increasing the concentration of E7080, the ability of E7080 to disturbance of SCC-9 cell proliferation was increased. Conclusion: Proliferation of SCC-9 cells was inhibited by E7080, which was through by inhibition of VEGFR-3 downstream pathway. In vivo study with E7080 will be required to provide therapeutic benefits in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2017

School safety in Japan in the 21st century has been directly influenced by changes in school education policy. The purpose of Japanese school education is to nurture self-reliance, cooperation, and creative humanity by promoting 'zest for life'. Reflecting this, the purpose of school safety is to strengthen survival capabilities that students can overcome in any disaster situation. The main features of Japanese school safety are as follows: 1) to emphasize ability to survive; 2) to focus on school safety role in home and community; 3) to balance between school safety and school education; 4) to emphasize school safety education through experiential and active learning; 5) to pursue safer school facilities; 6) to focus on continuous improvement through PDCA(Plan-Do-Check-Act); 7) to spread the UN safe school model. This analysis and discussion on Japanese school safety will give meaningful implications to Korea's school safety which has recently undergone dramatic changes.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 1994

The optimal level of growth regulator for callus initiation stem explants was BAP 0.1mg/L combined with 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 30g/L sucrose and 10g/L agar, and that for cell growth was BAP 0.1+2,4-D 0.5 mg/L in MS liquid medium. The regeneration frequency of P. oleracea cells was significantly increased by subjecting the cells to dessication for 1and 2 h up to 83%, respectively, as compared with untreated control showing 61%. Cell viability and survival rate was inhibited by pretreatment of 0.6% NaCl for 2 days, while regeneration ability was not affected by the treatment. Pretreatment of 100g/L sucrose for 2 days markedly stimulated the regeneration of cells up to 81%. These results suggest that in addition to physiological changes, water stress resulted from dessication and high concentration of sucrose and NaCl is closely related to the regeneration of P. oleracea cultured cells.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.120-125
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• 2014

Halophytes are plants of saline habitats that grow under conditions that may vary in extremes of temperatures (freezing to very hot), water availability (drought to water logging) and salinity (mild to almost saturation). Halophytes may also face sudden micro-environmental variations within their habitats. In this study, we examine some of the factors that determine the ability of seeds of Artemisia fukudo to germinate when conditions are optimal for seedling growth and survival. Germination percentage was the highest at 77.5% when treated in 0% seawater and seedling growth was best in 0% seawater plug cell tray. Physiological quality (chlorophyll contents) and mean germination time were best in the condition in which seeds were treated with 0% seawater (control). Germination performance index in the control group showed the highest value to 3.8. Seedling growth, seedling vigor index in the length of seedling growth andthe relative growth rate were the highest values of 0.76 cm, 1.43, 0.0099, respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.324-333
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• 2004

To determine whether Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) treatment represents a potential means of enhancing the survival of cardiac muscle cells from adriamycin (ADR)-induced cell death, the present study examined the ability of IGF-I to prevent cell death. The study was performed utilising the embryonic, rat, cardiac muscle cell line, H9C2. Incubating cardiac muscle cells in the presence of adriamycin increased cell death, as determined by MTT assay and annexin V-positive cell number. The addition of 100 ng/mL IGF-I, in the presence of adriamycin, decreased apoptosis. The effect of IGF-I on phosphorylation of PI, a substrate of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or protein kinase B (AKT), was also examined in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells. IGF-I increased the phosphorylation of ERK 1 and 2 and $PKC{\;}{\zeta}{\;}kinase$. The use of inhibitors of PI 3-kinase (LY 294002), in the cell death assay, demonstrated partial abrogation of the protective effect of IGF-I. The MEK1 inhibitor-PD098059 and the PKC inhibitor-chelerythrine exhibited no effect on IGF-1-induced cell protection. In the regulatory subunit of PI3K-p85- dominant, negative plasmid-transfected cells, the IGF-1-induced protective effect was reversed. This data demonstrates that IGF-I protects cardiac muscle cells from ADR-induced cell death. Although IGF-I activates several signaling pathways that contribute to its protective effect in other cell types, only activation of PI 3-kinase contributes to this effect in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.184-189
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• 2005

In order to select probiotics having both a high survival rate and an ability to inhibit virulent pathogens, we have screened lactic acid bacteria and yeasts from Jeot-gal to examine their resistance to artificial gastric and bile juice. After being introduced in the artificial gastric acid for 2 hr, the isolated lactic acid bacteria and yeast were incubated for 24 hrs in the artificial bile juice. In particular, the strain ML 36, ML 128, and ML 178 survived the longest during 2 hr incubation period in the artificial gastric acid. All 3 strains of lactic acid bacteria, and 2 strains of yeast demonstrated higher growth rates than control in the artificial bile. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts was investigated to determine their efficiency as probiotic organisms. The lactic acid bacteria inhibited Gram positive and negative bacteria, while the yeast was marginally inhibited.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.829-834
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• 2013

Background: MicroRNAs are noncoding RNA molecules that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the role of microRNA-21 in cholangiocarcinomas and its relationship to cholangiocarcinoma RBE cell capacity for invasion and metastasis. Methods: MicroRNA-21 expression was investigated in 41 cases of cholangiocarcinoma samples by in situ hybridization and real-time PCR. Influence on cholangiocarcinoma cell line invasion and metastasis was analyzed with microRNA-21 transfected cells. In addition, regulation of reversion-inducing-cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs (RECK) by microRNA-21 was elucidated to identify mechanisms. Results: In situ hybridization and real-time quantitative PCR results for patients with lymph node metastasis or perineural invasion showed significantly high expression of microRNA-21 (P<0.05). There was a dramatic decrease in cholangiocarcinoma cell line invasion and metastasis ability after microRNA-21 knockdown (P<0.05). However, overexpression significantly increased invasion and metastasis (P<0.05). Real-time PCR and Western-blot analysis showed that microRNA-21 could potentially inhibit RECK expression in RBE cells. Survival analysis showed that patients with higher expression levels of microRNA-21 more often had a poor prognosis (P<0.05). Conclusions: MicroRNA-21 may play an important role in cholangiocarcinoma invasion and metastasis, suggesting that MicroRNA-21 should be further evaluated as a biomarker for predicting cholangiocarcinoma prognosis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.125-129
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• 2003

Effects of synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing cytidine-phosphate-guanosine(CpG) motif(s) on nonspecific immune responses of olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) and on protection against lethal infection with Edwardsiella tarda were investigated. Respiratory bunt activities of the head kidney phagocytes in the fish injected either 0.25 or 0.5 ${\mu}g/fish$of ODNs containing CpG motifs (ODN 1826 and ODN 1670) were significantly higher than those injected with an ODN containing a guanosine-phosphate-cytidine (GpC) motif (ODN 1720) or with hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS, control) at 3, 5 and 7 days after injection. The serum lysozyme activities of fish injected with 0.25${\mu}g$ of ODN 1826 were significantly higher than those injected with ODN 1720 or HBSS at 1 and 7 days after injection. At 7 days after injection, the group of fish injected with CpG ODNs showed higher serum lysozyme activities than fish injected with ODN 1720 or control. The group of fish injected 0.25 or 0.5${\mu}g$ of CpG ODNs showed higher survival rates than those treated with GpC ODN and the control group after challenge with Edwardsiella tarda. The present study proved the ability of synthetic CpG ODN to increase nonspecific immune responses and disease resistance in olive flounder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.642-648
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• 2020

In this study, we investigated the effects of linoleic acid (LA) treatment on Brucella abortus infection in professional phagocyte RAW264.7 cells, particularly during the pathogen's invasion and intracellular growth in these cells, as well as in murine model BALB/c mice focusing on bacterial splenic proliferation and immunoregulatory activities. LA inhibited the growth of Brucella in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The ability of the pathogen to enter the phagocytes was inhibited as was its survival within these cells. This was accompanied by increased nitrite accumulation in these cells at 24 h post-infection. The concentration of LA used in the present study did not affect the total body weight or liver function of the mice. During Brucella infection, the total splenic weight of these animals was not changed; rather, resistance to bacterial proliferation was enhanced in the spleen. Furthermore, mice treated with LA displayed elevated levels of IL-12 and IFN-γ but reduced levels of IL-10 during infection. The findings in this study showed the regulatory role of LA against B. abortus infection suggesting its potential use in designing intervention strategy for brucellosis.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2007

Increasing industrial development in the Masan Bay area of Korea over the past decades increased the risk for the survival of marine organisms in the bay area by the deterioration of the water quality. Since living organisms have the ability to adapt contamination-associated stimuli by the alteration of gene expression, changes in proteins can be used as an important criterion for assessing the levels of environmental conditions. In this study, therefore, alterations of the expression of proteins in the muscle of Limanda yokohamae from Dukdong and Dotsum in the bay area were surveyed and characterized as compared with Haegumgang, which served as a control site. The results demonstrated that the twenty spots detected from Dukdong and Dotsum were similar to each other. Fifteen proteins were found to be predicted or undefined proteins, while five proteins were identified as heavy polypeptide 11 of myosin, apolipoprotein A-I, fibroblast growth factor 17b precursor, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 1 b and bonnie and clyde. These data suggest that local fish in the bay area have dysfunction in muscle physiology including contraction, lipid metabolism, proliferation and differentiation and nervous system.