• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

This article review the animals physical therapy. It is so called veterinary physical therapy. The animals physical therapist is working to physical therapy for animals in veterinary clinical field. The veterinary medicine has not veterinary rehabilitation medicine or physical therapy for animals, also physical therapy field in Korea. So, This research will explain about animals physical therapy of Korea and other countries' by journals and internet information and suggest the future of the animals physical therapist. Finally, The veterinary physical therapy is not used to veterinary clinical field in now. But, The veterinary physical therapy will desire to the view of medical serve and economy by the host of animals and clinical veterinarian the future. Animal physical therapy is a new and rapidly developing field of health care for animals. The benefits of physical therapy have long been recognized in humans. More recently, work in the veterinary field has shown the same benefits of physical therapy to be true for animal patients. Performing orthopaedic or neurological surgery, or fitting a human patient with a cast or splint, and then discharging the patient is an outdated approach. In such cases, physical therapy is clearly warranted. Similarly, recent research has shown that post-surgical rehabilitation and therapy after injuries significantly improves the functional outcomes for animals. Physical Therapy is a healthcare profession directed at evaluating, restoring and maintaining physical function and movement. Working with the owner, veterinarian and often other healthcare professionals, a physiotherapist helps your animal to achieve and maintain optimal health and well-being. Equipped with a specialized university Bacheloriate education and intensively educated in Anatomy, Physiology, Biomechanics, Histology, Neurology, and Pathology, PT's are able to assess, diagnose and treat movement and function. Physical Therapy, Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation are recognized sciences applied to both humans and animals. The goals of physiotherapy are to relieve pain, restore range of motion/movement, improve function, prevent injuries and expand the physical potential of the patient. Once in the field, physical therapists actively continue their education to keep up to date on the latest treatments and technologies. Via continuing education courses, physiotherapists can learn how to apply their unique and specialized knowledge to other animal species.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Maxillectomy is a treatment option for maxillary cancer, which leaves the patient with a palatal defect. It may cause problems with facial deformation, swallowing, mastication, and speech. These functional problems and changes in appearance may result in psychological problems. To control these deficits after maxillectomy, surgical reconstruction or prosthodontic treatment can be chosen as a treatment option. Obturator prosthesis has been used as a preferred method of rehabilitation for most maxillectomy patients. This case is a patient who was classified Aramany classification II hemi-maxillectomy patient with residual teeth from #11-25, whose teeth had substantial labioversion and clinically lengthened from alveolar bone involution, thus making it hard to select proper framework design and resist to the rotational dislodging force of the obturator. Therefore we selected swing-lock attachment design to remain pre-existing crown and bridges and obtain retention and stability of obturator. The swing-lock RPD is economical than the conventional RPD because we can remain pre-existing crown and bridges. And residual teeth which have mobility and poor prognosis can be successfully retained through properly designed swing-lock RPD as it is functioning as a removable splint on the teeth.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 6-axis model surgery simulator (6AMSS) for orthognathic surgery. A rectangular parallelepiped plastic block was assembled to model-mounting plate of 6AMSS. Left-right (X), anterior-posterior (Y), up-down (Z) translation and pitching (${\phi}X$), rolling (${\phi}Y$) and yawing (${\phi}Z$) rotation was planned and performed using 6AMSS. The actual translation and rotation were measured with dial gauge and precisional protractor, respectively. Comparison between the planned and actual movements of plastic block for each variable were made using paired t- test. Statistical analysis for X, Y, Z, ${\phi}X$, ${\phi}Y$ and ${\phi}Z$ movement have shown no significant differences between planned and actual movement (P > 0.05). This indicate that model surgery performed with the aid of the 6AMSS is accurate in 3D translation and rotation. The 6AMSS is practically useful for accurate fabrication of surgical splint for orthognathic surgery.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.397-402
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• 2013

Background Fracture-dislocation of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint is a relatively common injury. Various treatments for fracture-dislocation of the PIP joint have been reported. In the present study, we performed open reduction through a midlateral incision using absorbable sutures to reduce the small bone fragments and performed volar plate repair. Methods We treated nine patients with fracture-dislocation of the PIP joint with small fractured bone fragments too small for pinning or screw fixation. Patients with volar plate injury were treated with open reduction and volar plate repair at the periosteum of the middle phalangeal bone base by the modified Kessler method using absorbable sutures. All patients were placed in a dorsal aluminum extension block splint, which maintained the PIP joint in approximately 30 degrees of flexion to avoid excessive tension on the sutured volar plate. Results At a mean final follow-up of postoperative 9 months, all patients were evaluated radiographically and had adequate alignment of the PIP joint and reduction of the displaced bone fragments. Range of motion was improved and there were no complications. Conclusions This technique is an excellent alternative to the current method of treating patients with fracture-dislocations that include small fragments that are too small for pinning or screw fixation. It is a less invasive surgical method and enables stable reduction and early exercise without noticeable complications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2002

Purpose: Various treatment methods have been utilized for recurrent dislocation of the TMJ (temporomandibular joint). The purpose of this study is to define the effect of the eminectomy with discoplasty that had been performed in patients with TMJ luxation. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients (22 joints), whose diagnosis were TMJ dislocation were selected in 772 patients (871 joints) who had been underwent TMJ surgery between 1988 and 2000. The selected patients were divided into two groups. Group I (12 joints) was the habitual-luxation group which involves the recurrent TMJ dislocation patients. Group II (10 joints) was the open lock-history group which involves the patients who had more than two episodes of TMJ luxation and TMJ disorders. The history of TMJ luxation, maximum mouth opening and other TMJ signs and symptoms before and after surgery were reviewed. Results: In group I, one patient who had been underwent both TMJ operation had a intermittent locking, but it disappeared after post-operative 32 months. In group II, intermittent pain was present in one patient who had bruxism, but it was disappeared by splint therapy. No more TMJ dislocations and other pains were checked in other patients of group I and II. Conclusion: Eminectomy with discoplasty may be used to successfully treat the TMJ habitual luxation accompanied with abnormal condition of the disc-condyle complex.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.233-240
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• 2011

Purpose: To apply a computer assisted navigation system to orthognathic surgery, a simple and efficient measuring algorithm calculation based on affine transformation was designed. A method of improving accuracy and reducing errors in orthognathic surgery by use of an optical tracking camera was studied. Methods: A total of 5 points on one surgical splint were measured and tracked by the Polaris $Vicra^{(R)}$ (Northern Digital Inc Co., Ontario, Canada) optical tracking system in two cases. The first case was to apply the transformation matrix at pre- and postoperative situations, and the second case was to apply an affine transformation only after the postoperative situation. In each situation, the predictive measuring value was changed to the final measuring value via an affine transformation algorithm and the expected coordinates calculated from the model were compared with those of the patient in the operation room. Results: The mean measuring error was $1.027{\pm}0.587$ using the affine transformation at pre- and postoperative situations and the average value after the postoperative situation was $0.928{\pm}0.549$. The farther a coordinate region was from the reference coordinates which constitutes the transform matrixes, the bigger the measuring error was found which was calculated from an affine transformation algorithm. Conclusion: Most difference errors were brought from mainly measuring process and lack of reproducibility, the affine transformation algorithm formula from postoperative measuring values by using of optic tracking system between those of model surgery and those of patient surgery can be selected as minimizing the difference error. To reduce coordinate calculation errors, minimum transformation matrices must be used and reference points which determine an affine transformation must be close to the area where coordinates are measured and calculated, as well as the reference points need to be scattered.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.229-235
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• 2011

PURPOSE. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate cumulative survival rate (CSR) of Implantium implants followed for 5 years and association between risk factors and the CSR. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of two hundred forty-nine Implantium Implants System (Dentium, Seoul, Korea) placed in ninety-five patients from 2004 to 2009 were investigated with several identified risk factors (sex, systemic disease, smoking, alchohol, reason of tooth loss, length, arch (maxilla or mandible), replace tooth type (incisor, canine, premolar or molar) Kennedy classification, prosthodontic type, prosthodontic design, opposite dentition, abutment type, occlusal material, occlusal unit, splint to tooth, cantilever, other surgery). Clinical examination (mobility, percussion, screw loosening, discomfort, etc.) and radiographic examination data were collected from patient records including all problems during follow-up period according to protocols described earlier. Life table analysis was undertaken to examine the CSR. Cox regression method was conducted to assess the association between potential risk factors and overall CSR. RESULTS. Five of 249 implants were failed. Four of these were lost before loading. The 5-year implant cumulative survival rate was 97.37%. Cox regression analysis demonstrated a significant predictive association between overall CSR and systemic disease, smoking, reason of tooth loss, arch, Kennedy classification and prosthodontic design (P<.05). The screw related complication was rare. Two abutment screw fractures were found. Another complications of prosthetic components were porcelain fracture, resin facing fracture and denture fracture (n=19). CONCLUSION. The 5-year CSR of Implantium implants was 97.37 %. Implant survival may be dependent upon systemic disease, smoking reason of tooth loss, arch, Kennedy classification and prosthodontic design (P<.05). The presence of systemic diseases and combination of other surgical procedures may be associated with increased implant failure.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.344-350
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• 2000

Incidence of crown-root fracture due to traumatic injury, have been reported 3% in the permanent dentiton, 2% in the deciduous dentition. There are two treatment methods for crown-root fractured teeth with pulp exposure, when the fracture line was located under the alveolar crest. One way is the extrusion by orthodontic force the other way is intra-alveolar transplantation which occlusally repositioning of apical fragment in the alveolar socket. Since intra-alveolar transplantation has introduced in 1970s, it was practiced as alternative to orthodontic extrusion. As the result, this method may thoughted that had a good prognosis. As a result of trauma, completely crown-root fracture was occured in the maxillary right central incisor in this case. We couldn't reposition the deepest fracture line above the alveolar crest by the conventional surgical extrusion, because apical fragment was too short. Thus, after extraction of apical fragment, we repositioned it to the socket following demineralized freezed dried bone graft, which possible to support the apical fragment. At the 15-month recall examination, the root still showed normal mobility and there was not observed any in flammatory or replacement root resorption in the periapical radiograph.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 2013

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a severe form of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs), presenting gradual breakdown of articular cartilage and subchondral bone by the functional load sustained to exceed the physiologic tolerance of the joint. In such a joint loaded, offensive bioactive materials such as matrix degrading proteins, cytokines, and free radicals increase in concentration to shift the tissue response in the joint to degeneration from regeneration or remodeling. Recently, it has been issued that obesity can play an offensive role in pathogenesis of OA in a metabolic way. Adipokines released by adipose cells are present at higher concentration in the arthritic joint and joints of obese individuals. However, because of conflicting data reported, further scientific study should be performed to elucidate the practical role of adipokines in pathogenesis of TMJ OA. As far as the clinical signs and symptoms of TMJ OA are not much different from those of other forms of TMD and any definitive treatment modality to control directly the bone resorptive activity is not available yet, the treatment of TMJ OA should be directed to reduce the physical load and enhance the physiologic tolerance of the joint by means of conservative treatment such as physical therapy, medication, and occlusal splint therapy for sufficient period and, if needed after that, supplementary surgical procedure such as intra-articular injection, arthrocenthesis, and arthroscopic surgery that have turned out to be effective to control OA signs and symtpoms. Enthusiastic reassurance and motivation for patients to control behaviors for themselves to reduce unnecessary functional load in daily life is very important for the joint to reach to more favorable orthopedic stability of the TMJ more quickly, guaranteeing more successful management TMJ OA.