• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.811-818
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• 2005

Stability analyses on the 17 railroad cut-off soil slopes were carried out. The influences of rainfall infiltration on the slope stabilities were taken into account by seepage analyses using finite element method and by assuming ground water tables to be located adjacent to soil surface. The validity of those analyses were evaluated by comparing the slope failure characteristics between analysis results and the past failure records. The analyses were not appropriate to estimate the failure surface and the method considering only the increase of pore-water pressure (reduction of matric suction) as the influence of rainfall cannot appropriately estimate the surficial failures that occurred most of the cut-off soil slopes. For the better estimation of the surficial failure, the influence of water flows over slope surface which erode soil mass and/or increase driving force, should be evaluated and considered.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 2001

강우에 의한 잔류토에서의 얕은 사면파괴는 세계적으로 흔히 볼 수 있는 사면파괴의 형태이다. 본 연구에서는 침투가 사면 표면의 안정에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 한계평형법을 이용하는 무한사면 해석법을 연구하였다. 재현기간에 따른 강우강도가 지속기간이 고려되는 임의의 강우에 의해 유발되는 얕은 사면파괴의 가능성을 평가하기 위해서 Green-Ampt 모델에 바탕을 둔 간략법들이 적용되었다. 간략법들에 의한 결과들과 비교하기 위하여 일련의 수치해석이 수행되었다. 그 결과에 의하면 적절하게 선택된 입력값을 사용하면 수정간략법이 더욱 엄밀한 해석법인 유한요소해석과 근사한 합리적인 결과를 줌을 알 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.107-116
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• 2000

강우에 의한 얕은 사면파괴는 우리 나라에서 흔히 볼수 있는 사면파괴의 형태이다. 본 연구에서는 재현기간에 따른 강우강도와 지속시간을 고려한 한계평형법에 의하여 이러한 얕은 사면파괴의 가능성을 평가하기 위함 방법에 대하여 논의하였다. 이를 위해 일차원 침투모델인 Green-Ampt 모델에 바탕을 둔 두 방법을 고려하였다. 즉 침투능에 따른 침투깊이를 산정하는 Pradel과 Raad의 방법과 일정한(uniform) 강우강도가 작용할 경우 폰딩(ponding)에 대해 해를 주는 Mein과 Larson의 방법을 고려하여 함수특성이 알려진 화강풍화토사면에 적용하였다. 연구결과에 의하며 Pradel과 Raad 방법은 실제 적용된 강우강도가 아닌 침투능을 바탕으로 침투깊이를 산정하므로 Mein과 Larson 방법에 비해 보수적인 사면안정 해석결과를 예측한다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.45-53
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• 2005

Shallow slope failures in residual soil during periods of prolonged infiltration are common over the world. Therefore, this study examines an approximate method to estimate the influence of infiltration on surficial stability of slopes by one-dimensional infiltration model. Modified GAML model based on the Green-Ampt model was extended to predict the infiltration behavior of two-layered slope. Then, the model has been considered to evaluate the likelihood of shallow slope failure which is induced by a particular rainfall event that accounts for the rainfall intensity and duration for various return periods in two-layered soil profile. The results obtained from the approximate method were compared with those obtained from numerical analyses. According to the results, with the use of properly estimated input parameters, the proposed method was found to give good results that agree reasonably well to those of the more rigorous finite element analyses.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.123-136
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• 2002

The infiltration of prolonged rainfall causes shallow slope failures on surficial slopes. Experiments performed on soil-water characteristic curves in weathered soils of three different types(SW, SP, SM) were used to construct a general equation for the soil-water characteristic curve. Based on this, the saturated depth by Green & Ampt model was compared with the results of numerical analyses and the range of application of Green & Ampt model was evaluated. It was found that the saturated depth occurred by infiltration on the surface of slopes has an inf1uence on the surficial stability of slopes md, the stability analysis of unsaturated soils calculated by using the soil-water characteristic curve of weathered soils was found to be a proper analysis for shallow slope failures due to rainfall.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 1999.10c
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• pp.556-561
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• 1999

The real strength evvelope for soils without cemetation goes through the origin and is curved. The Mohr -Coulomb failure criterion with the strength parameters c' and ø' from conventional tests overestimates the shear strength available at low normal stresses. The results of laboratory tests interpreted in terms of the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion are not appropriate for evaluation of surficial slope stability , because the range of effective normal stresses in the field are not used in the laboratory tests.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.9-18
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• 2008

Shallow slope failures in residual soil during periods of prolonged infiltration are common in Korea. This study examines an infinite slope analysis to estimate the influence of infiltration on surficial stability of slopes by the limit equilibrium method. Approximate method which is based on the Green-Ampt model have been considered to evaluate the likelihood of shallow slope failure which is induced by a particular rainfall event that accounts for the rainfall intensity and duration for various return periods. Pradel & Raad method which is devised to predict the depth of wetting front to decomposed granite soil slopes having measured soil-water characteristic curves. To compare the results with those obtained from the Pradel & Raad method, a series of numerical analysis using SEEP/W were carried out. It was found that the stability analysis of unsaturated soils calculated by using the soil-water characteristic curve of decomposed granite soils was found to be a proper analysis for shallow slope failures due to rainfall.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.1660-1670
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• 2024

The aim of this study was to modify phytase YiAPPA via protein surficial residue mutation to obtain phytase mutants with improved thermostability and activity, enhancing its application potential in the food industry. First, homology modeling of YiAPPA was performed. By adopting the strategy of protein surficial residue mutation, the lysine (Lys) and glycine (Gly) residues on the protein surface were selected for site-directed mutagenesis to construct single-site mutants. Thermostability screening was performed to obtain mutants (K189R and K216R) with significantly elevated thermostability. The combined mutant K189R/K216R was constructed via beneficial mutation site stacking and characterized. Compared with those of YiAPPA, the half-life of K189R/K216R at 80℃ was extended from 14.81 min to 23.35 min, half-inactivation temperature (T₅₀³⁰) was increased from 55.12℃ to 62.44℃, and T_m value was increased from 48.36℃ to 53.18℃. Meanwhile, the specific activity of K189R/K216R at 37℃ and pH 4.5 increased from 3960.81 to 4469.13 U/mg. Molecular structure modeling analysis and molecular dynamics simulation showed that new hydrogen bonds were introduced into K189R/K216R, improving the stability of certain structural units of the phytase and its thermostability. The enhanced activity was primarily attributed to reduced enzyme-substrate binding energy and shorter nucleophilic attack distance between the catalytic residue His28 and the phytate substrate. Additionally, the K189R/K216R mutant increased the hydrolysis efficiency of phytate in food ingredients by 1.73-2.36 times. This study established an effective method for the molecular modification of phytase thermostability and activity, providing the food industry with an efficient phytase for hydrolyzing phytate in food ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.137-146
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• 2005

299 railroad slopes were investigated and the failure characteristics and reinforcement patterns were analyzed. Stability analyses on the 14 cut-off soil slopes were carried out. Surficial failures were predicted by infinite slope analyses assuming the temporarily perched ground water table at soil surface during rainfall period. Limit equilibrium analyses were also carried out and the influences of rainfall infiltration on the slope stabilities were taken Into account by seepage analyses using finite element method and by assuming ground water tables to be located adjacent to soil surface. The adequacy of those analyses was evaluated by comparing the slope failure characteristics between analysis results and the past failure records. From the comparison results, it was deduced that the limit equilibrium analyses were not appropriate to estimate the shallow failure that occurred at most of the railroad cut-off soil slopes. For the better estimation of the surficial failure, not only the increase of pore-water pressure (reduction of matric suction), but also the influence of water flows over slope surface which erode soil mass, should be evaluated and considered.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2013

Recent progress in Martian exploration identified hematite as the major candidate for the strong magnetic anomalies observed in Martian lithosphere. In the present study, grain-size dependence of thermoremanent magnetization and low-temperature stability of room-temperature saturation isothermal remanent magnetization (RTSIRM) were monitored using synthetic hematites. For hematite, the antiferromagnetic spin configuration is re-arranged from being perpendicular to the c-axis to be parallel to the c-axis below the Morin transition ($=T_M$). A large fraction of RTSIRM is demagnetized at $T_M$ (= 260 K) during zero-field cooling from 300 K to 10 K. About 37% of the initial RTSIRM is recovered on warming from 10 K to 300 K. Shallow Martian subsurface at 1~2 km depth would experience low-temperature cooling-warming of $T_M$ because average Martian surficial temperature is about 220 K. However in most Martian lithosphere whose temperatures are higher than 260 K, the very stable magnetic memory of hematite could be a contributor to Martian magnetic anomalies.