• Title/Summary/Keyword: Surface morphologies

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Plasma Textured Glass Surface Morphologies for Amorphous Silicon Thin Film Solar Cells-A review

  • Hussain, Shahzada Qamar;Balaji, Nagarajan;Kim, Sunbo;Raja, ayapal;Ahn, Shihyun;Park, Hyeongsik;Le, Anh Huy Tuan;Kang, Junyoung;Yi, Junsin;Razaq, Aamir
    • Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.98-103
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    • 2016
  • The surface morphology of the front transparent conductive oxide (TCO) films plays a vital role in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells (a-Si TFSCs) due to their high transparency, conductivity and excellent light scattering properties. Recently, plasma textured glass surface morphologies received much attention for light trapping in a-Si TFSCs. We report various plasma textured glass surface morphologies for the high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs. Plasma textured glass surface morphologies showed high rms roughness, haze ratio with micro- and nano size surface features and are proposed for future high efficiency of a-Si TFSCs.

Grain Boundary Characteristics and Stress-induced Damage Morphologies in Sputtered and Electroplated Copper Films (스퍼터링 및 전기 도금으로 제조된 구리 박막에서의 표면 결함에 미치는 결정립계의 영향)

  • Park, Hyun;Hwang, Soo-Jung;Joo, Young-Chang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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    • 2003.05a
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    • pp.4-4
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    • 2003
  • Various Cu films were fabricated using sputtering and electroplating with and without additive, and their surface damages after annealing were investigated. After annealing at 43SoC, the difference between damage morphologies of the films was observed. In some films stress-induced grooves along the grain boundaries were observed, while in the others voids at the grain boundary triple junctions were observed. It was also observed that the stress-induced groove was formed along the high energy grain boundaries. It was found out that the difference of the morphologies of surface damages in Cu films depends on not process type but grain boundary characteristics. To explain the morphological difference of surface damages, a simple parameter considering the contributions of grain structures and grain boundary characteristics to surface and grain boundary diffusions is suggested. The effective grain boundary area, which is a function of grain size, film thickness and the fraction of high energy grain boundaries, played a key role in the morphological difference.

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Surface Morphologies and Internal Fine Structures of Bast Fibers

  • Wang H. M.;Wang X.
    • Fibers and Polymers
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.6-12
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    • 2005
  • Fiber surface morphologies and associated internal structures are closely related to its properties. Unlike other fibers including cotton, bast fibers possess transverse nodes and fissures in cross-sectional and longitudinal directions. Their morphologies and associated internal structures were anatomically examined under the scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the morphologies of the nodes and the fissures of bast fibers varied depending on the construction of the inner fibril cellular layers. The transverse nodes and fissures were formed by the folding and spiralling of the cellular layers during plant growth. The dimensions of nodes and fissures were determined by the dislocations of the cellular layers. There were also many longitudinal fissures in bast fibers. Some deep longitudinal fissures even opened the fiber lumen for a short way along the fiber. In addition, the lumen channel of the bast fibers could be disturbed or disrupted by the nodes and the spi­rals of the internal cellular layers. The existence of the transverse nodes and fissures in the bast fibers could degrade the fiber mechanical properties, whereas the longitudinal fissures may contribute to the very rapid moisture absorption and desorption.

Effects of electroplating parameters on the compositions and morphologies of Sn-Ag bumps (Sn-Ag 범프의 조성과 표면 형상에 영향을 미치는 도금 인자들에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Jong Yeon;Yu Jin;Bae Jin Su;Lee Jae Ho
    • Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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    • 2003.11a
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    • pp.106-109
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    • 2003
  • With the variation of Ag concentration in bath, current density, additive and agitation for electroplating of Sn-Ag solder, the compositions and the morphologies of solder were studied. It was possible to control Ag content in Sn-Ag solder by varying Ag concentration in bath and current density The microstructure size of Sn-Ag solder decreased with increasing current density. Duty cycle of pulse electroplating and quantity of additive affected on Ag content of deposit and surface roughness. In this work eutectic Sn-Ag solder bumps with fine pitch of 30m and height of 15m was formed successfully. The Ag content of electrodeposited solder was confirmed by EDS and WDS analyses and the surface morphologies was analyzed by SEM and 3D surface analyzer.

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Efficiency of Photovoltaic Cell with Random Textured Anti Glare (RTAG) Glass

  • Kim, Geon Ho;Jeon, Bup Ju
    • Applied Science and Convergence Technology
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    • v.25 no.6
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    • pp.133-137
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    • 2016
  • The surface treatment of cover glass for conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell is important to reduce reflectivity and to increase the incident light. In this work, random textured anti glare (RTAG) glass was prepared by wet surface coating method. Optical properties due to the changes of surface morphology of RTAG glass were compared and conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell was researched. Grain size and changes of surface morphologies formed with surface etching time greatly affected optical transmittance and transmission haze. Current density (Jsc) were high at the condition when surface morphologies reflection haze were low and transmission haze were high. Jsc was $40.0mA/cm^2$ at glancing angle of $90^{\circ}$. Incidence light source was strongly influenced by surface treatment of cover glass at high incidence angle but was hardly affected light source at the low angle of incidence.

Diffusion barrier characteristics of molybdenum nitride films for ultra-large-scale-integrated Cu metallization (I); Surface morphologies and characteristics of sputtered molybdenum nitride films

  • Jeon, Seok-Ryong;Lee, You-Kee;Park, Jong-Wan
    • Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.24-29
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    • 1997
  • Surface morphologies and fundamental characteristics of molybdenum nitride films deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering were studied for application to Cu diffusion barrier. A phase transformation from Mo to $\gamma$-Mo$_2$N phase at 0.5$N_2$ flow ratio.($N_2$/(Ar+$N_2$)) equal to and larger than 0.2, whereas a second phase transformation to $\gamma$-MoN phase at 0.5 N2 flow ratio, With the variation of the N2 ratio the surface morphologies of the films were generally smooth except the cases of 0.2 and 0.3$N_2$ gas rations, where build-up of film stresses occurred. $\gamma$-Mo$_2$N film was found to crystallize at the deposition temperature of 40$0^{\circ}C$. The surfaces of $\gamma$-Mo$_2$N films deposited up to 40$0^{\circ}C$ were smooth, but the film deposited at 50$0^{\circ}C$ had very rough surface morphology. It seems that this was due to the building-up of thermal stresses at the high deposition temperature, which might lead to hillock formation.

Measurement of Secondary Electron Emission Coefficient and Bimolecular Valence Band Energy Structure of Erythrocyte with and Without Bioplasma Treatment

  • Lee, Jin-Young;Baik, Guyon;Choi, Eun-Ha
    • Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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    • 2012.02a
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    • pp.483-483
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    • 2012
  • Recently, nonthermal bioplasma has been attracted by researchers due to their potentials to modulate cellular functions resulting in changes of biomolecular electron band structures as well as cell morphologies. We have investigated the secondary electron emission characteristics from the surface of the erythrocyte, i.e., red blood cell (RBC) with and without the nonthermal bioplasma treatment in morphological and biomolecular aspects. The morphologies have been controlled by osmotic pressure and biomolecular structures were changed by well known reactive oxygen species. Ion-induced secondary electron emission coefficient have been measured by using gamma-focused ion beam (${\gamma}$-FIB) system, based on the quantum mechanical Auger neutralization theory. Our result suggests that the nonthermal bioplasma treatment on biological cells could result in change of the secondary electron emission coefficient characterizing the biomolecular valence band electron energy structures caused by the cell morphologies as well as its surface charge distributions.

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The Effects of Electroplating Parameters on the Morphologies and Compositions of Nickel-Iron Alloy Electrodeposits (Ni-Fe의 도금 층의 조성과 표면 형상에 영향을 미치는 도금인자들에 관한 연구)

  • Ko, Yeong-Kwon;Yim, Tai-Hong;Lee, Jae-Ho
    • Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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    • v.14 no.3
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    • pp.51-55
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    • 2007
  • Nickel iron (Ni-Fe) alloy coating was investigated. The effects of the current density, current type, pulse duration and bath compositions on the morphologies and surface hardness of nickeliron deposits as well as the chemical compositions were investigated. The morphologies, surface hardness and chemical compositions of nickel-iron deposits were varied with current density, current type and bath compositions. The surface hardness was increased up to $550{\sim}600Hv$ when PC plating was employed. Crackless coating was obtained when saccharin was added. The change of composition with thickness was analyzed with EDS and FESEM.

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Observation of Surface Morphology and Electrical Properties of Polyurethane Polymer LB Films (폴리우레탄 고분자 LB막의 표면구조 관찰 및 전기적 특성)

  • Seo, Jeong-Yeul;Shin, Hoon-Kyu;Kwon, Young-Soo
    • The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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    • v.50 no.8
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    • pp.371-375
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    • 2001
  • We attempted to fabricate polyurethane derivatives (PU-CN, PU-DCM) LB films by using LB method. Also, we investigated the monolayer behavior at the air-water interface by surface pressure-area (${\pi}$-A) isotherms. The surface morphologies and the physicochemical properties of LB films were investigated by atomic force microscopy(AFM) and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. And, the electrical properties of polyurethane derivatives LB films were investigated by using the conductivity and the dielectric constant. In the surface morphologies, physicochemical and electrical properties of polyurethane derivatives LB films, the properties is different as to the polyurethane derivatives, it is considered that this phenomena could be described by the difference of lumophore pendant which was adhered at PU main chain.

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Electrical Properties and Surface Morphology for Temperature in PU Derivatives Monolayers (PU 유도체 단분자막의 온도에 따른 전기 물성과 표면 형상 관찰)

  • Seo, Jeong-Yeul;Kim, Do-Kyun;Park, Jae-Chul;Kwon, Young-Soo
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 2000.11c
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    • pp.458-460
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    • 2000
  • We attempted to fabricate polyurethane derivatives (PU-CN, PU-DCM) LB films by using LB method. Also, we investigated the monolayer behavior at the air-water interface by surface pressure-area ($\pi$-A) isotherms. And, the surface morphologies and the physicochemical properties of LB films were investigated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis spectroscopy, respectively. Also, the electrical properties of polyurethane derivatives LB films were investigated by using the conductivity, the dielectric constant and activation energy. In the surface morphologies, physicochemical, electrical properties of polyurethane derivatives LB films, the properties is different as to the Polyurethane derivatives, it is considered that this phenomena could be described by the difference of lumophore pendant which was adhered at PU main chain.

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