Purpose: This study aims to understand the effect of balance training on ankle muscle activity and static balance in stroke patients. Methods: The subjects were composed of 12 patients who were admitted with chronic stroke in H, K, and R hospitals located in Gangwon-do from August to October 2014. This study conducted balance training on the subjects for 20 min a session, twice a day, five times a week for six weeks. This study measured the surface electromyogram (EMG) of the paretic side's tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius for muscle activity. Static balance was measured as a TETRAX stability index. The measurements were conducted before the experiment and six weeks after. The result was statistically analyzed using paired t-test at the significance level of 0.05. Result: Muscle activity of the paretic side's tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius did not show a significant difference in the comparison between pre- and post-balancing training. However, the stability index showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between standing with eyes open (NO) and standing on a sponge with eyes open (PO). Conclusion: Although balance training did not affect the muscle activity of chronic stroke patients, it had an effective influence on the stability index. That is, balance training was effective at the functional level, but it did not change the structure level in terms of the ICF evaluation standard. Balance training becomes more effective when it is applied in relation to task.
Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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v.18
no.3
/
pp.99-111
/
2023
PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of pelvic compression methods on the muscle activities of the trunk muscles during plank exercises in individuals with and without low back pain. METHODS: Individuals who experienced back pain for three or more days within the last six months (low back pain group, LBPG; n = 15) and those who did not (non-experienced low back pain group, NLBPG; n = 15) were instructed to perform plank exercise without pelvic compression or while wearing a ReaLine or Com-pressor belt. The electromyography (EMG) data was measured during each session of exercise. Surface EMG signals were collected for the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles. The data were collected during three 5-s exercises with a 1-min rest period between the three sets. RESULTS: During the plank exercise, the muscle activity of the RA in the LBPG was significantly higher than that in the NLBPG (p < .05), and greater muscle activity was observed in the LBPG even when two pelvic compression methods were applied (p < .05). The muscle activity of RA was decreased significantly during pelvic compression according to the pelvic compression methods in both groups (p < .05). No significant interaction was observed between the groups or the pelvic compression methods for the RA, EO, ES, or GM muscle activities during plank exercises. CONCLUSION: Both pelvic compression methods reduced the RA muscle activity during plank exercises in individuals who had not experienced back pain within the last six months.
Background: The purpose of this study is to identify the difference in muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time according to a LLD and object weight When subjects performed a lifting task. Design: Repeated measure design Methods: 15 male adults participated in this study. When subjects performed a lifting task, we measured a difference of muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time in the rectus abdominis(RA), the erector spinae(ES), and the rectus femoris(RF) between both legs using the surface electromyogram (Telemyo DTS, Noraxon Inc., USA). When subjects performed a lifting task, the weight of the object was set to 0% kg, 10% kg, and 20% kg of the subject's body weight, excluding the weight of the box. Results: The difference in muscle activity in the RA, the ES, and the RF between both legs when lifting an object was larger in LLD condition than in non-LLD condition(p<0.05). In all of muscles, the difference of contraction onset time was generally increased as the object's weight increased. Specially, the difference in muscle contraction onset time in the RA, the ES between both legs was larger in the LLD condition than in the non-LLD condition(p<0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that LLD affects the muscle activity and muscle contraction onset time during lifting objects. It can be used as data to prevent joint damage and muscle due to the LLD during work and movements of daily living.
Kim, Ki-Hyun;Cha, Kab-Mun;Rhee, Kiwon;Chung, Chun Kee;Shin, Hyun-Chool
Journal of IKEEE
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v.17
no.4
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pp.505-510
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2013
In this paper, a method of estimating hand and elbow movements using electrocorticogram (ECoG) signals is proposed. Using multiple channels, surface electromyogram (EMG) signals and ECoG signals were obtained from patients simultaneously. The estimated movements were those to close and then open the hand and those to bend the elbow inward. The patients were encouraged to perform the movements in accordance with their free will instead of after being induced by external stimuli. Surface EMG signals were used to find movement time points, and ECoG signals were used to estimate the movements. To extract the characteristics of the individual movements, the ECoG signals were divided into a total of six bands (the entire band and the ${\delta}$, ${\Theta}$, ${\alpha}$, ${\beta}$, and ${\gamma}$ bands) to obtain the information entropy, and the maximum likelihood estimation method was used to estimate the movements. The results of the experiment showed the performance averaged 74% when the ECoG of the gamma band was used, which was higher than that when other bands were used, and higher estimation success rates were shown in the gamma band than in other bands. The time of the movements was divided into three time sections based on movement time points, and the "before" section, which included the readiness potential, was compared with the "onset" section. In the "before" section and the "onset" section, estimation success rates were 66% and 65%, respectively, and thus it was determined that the readiness potential could be used.
Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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v.10
no.2
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pp.107-112
/
2016
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aquatic ramp walking exercise on the activity of the quadriceps, gait and activity of daily living in child with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) type II. A 5 years-old girl with SMA type II participated in this study. This study used single-subject reverse(A-B-A) design study. There are 12 sessions(4weeks 3 times a week) each during the baseline phase(A), the intervention phase(B), the follow up phase(A). During the baseline phase and the follow up phase performed general aquatic therapy, the intervention phase additional performed walking activity on ramp in pool (60m). Surface electromyogram, Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, ACTIVLIM were used as outcome. During the intervention phase, there were decrease on the activity of the quadriceps. In modified TUG test, gait time reduced during the intervention phase. The ACTIVLIM logit score increased during intervention phase by comparison with the baseline phase. These findings suggest that an aquatic ramp walking exercise activities have the therapeutic possibility on the quadriceps activity and gait ability for child with SMA type II.
Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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v.48
no.5
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pp.81-92
/
2011
In this paper, a new method to estimate the number of MU (motor unit) related to the widths and distribution of end plate in NMJ (neuromuscular junction) of biceps brachii is proposed by varying muscle parameter statistically in EMG model. This work is done by designing MU-simulator and EPZ-simulator. The proposed method was compared with the results of previous researchers. The proposed MU-simulator generates SMUAP (single motor unit action potential) and CMAP (compound muscle action potential) signal similar to detected SMUAP and CMAP signal obtained from muscle. The EPZ-simulator estimate the numbers of MU by varying the widths and distribution of end plate in neuromuscular junction of muscle. The results shows that the numbers of MU was estimated about 450 ea. and muscle fibers was about 340 ea., end plate widths was about 6 mm, and end plate was randomly distributed. The proposed method may be comparable with the method of anatomical studies.
The aim of this study was to investigate upper and lower limb muscle activity using EMG(electromyogram) sensors while walking and identify normal gait pattern using FSR(force sensing resistor) sensor. Fifteen college students participated in this study and their EMG and FSR signal were measured during stopping and walking trials. EMG signals from upper(pectoralis major and trapezius) and lower limbs(rectus femoris, biceps femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, soleus, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius medialis, and gastrocnemius lateralis) were obtained using the surface electrodes. FSR measured pressures on 8 areas of the sole of the foot during walking. EMG results showed that all muscle activities except for vastus lateralis and semimembranosus during walking had higher amplitudes than stopping. Additionally, muscle activities associated with stance and swing phase during walking were identified. Results on FSR showed that stance and swing phases were detected by FSR signals during a gait cycle. Eight gait phases-initial contact, loading response, mid stance, terminal stance, pre swing, initial swing, mid swing, and terminal swing- were classified.
Electoromyographic studies were performed on the action of the muscles of the temporomandibular joints following exfoliation of the deciduous teeth. The subjects examined, being 50 children. between the age of 6 and 13 years, divided into 5 groups. They were; 1) Deciduous dentition were complete in the first group. 2) Deciduous incisors were missing in either upper or lower jaw in the second group. 3) Deciduous canine and molars were missing in the left side of either upper or lower jaw in the third group. 4) Deciduous canine and molars were missing in the right side of either upper or lower jaw in the fourth group. 5) Permanent dentition completed in the fifth group(except third molars). Electromyogram was recorded with 4 channel polygraph (Grass model VII modified for 7P3). Electrodes which were the cup-typed gold discs, 9 millimeters in the diameter, were located on the anterior, middle and posterior lobes of the temporal muscles, and also on the superficial and deep layers of the masseter muscles. Paired electrodes were held by electrode cream so that they were pressed on the skin surface at right angle, adhesive tape being used to anchor them. The distance of the pair electrodes was about 5 millimeters. The results obtained were as follow: 1) In rest position of mandible; All groups showed slight, electrical activities in the muscles involved, but in the middle lobe of temporal muscle they were slightly higher. 2) In molar occlusion of mandible; High activity-anterior lobe of temporal muscle and superficial layer of masseter muscle. Moderate activity-deep layer of masseter muscle. Low activity-middle and posterior lobes of masseter muscle. There were no differences among the first, the second and the fifth groups. In the third group the muscle activity was weaker than that of the right, and in the fourth group opposite characteristics was revealed. 3) In incisal bite of mandreble; Hight activity-superficial layer of masseter muscle. Modertae activity-deep layer of masseter muscle. Low activity-anterior, middle and posterior lobes of temporal muscle. The first, the third, the fourth and the fifth groups showed no differences but the second group showed less activity than those of others. 4) In protrusion of mandible; High activity-deep layer of masseter muscle Moderate activity-superficial layer of masseter muscle. Low activity-anterior, middle and posterior lobes of temporal muscle. In the first, the fourth and the fifth groups, there were no differences in the activities, but the second group showed less activity than the others. 5) In retrusion of mandible; High activity-deep layer of masseter muscle. Moderate activity-superficial layer of masseter muscle. Low activity-anterior, middle and posterior lobes of temporal muscle. In the first, the third, the fourth and the fifth groups, there were no differences but the second group showed less activity than the others. 6) In lateral excursion of the mandible (either direction); High activity-posterior lobe of temporal muscle. Moderate activity-anterior and middle lobes of temporal muscle. Low activity-superficial and deep layers of masseter muscle. The muscle action potentials were weaker than those of the right side in the third group and vice ver'sa in the fourth group. 7) In chewing movement; Temporal muscle activities were higher than those of masseter, especially in the middle lobe of temporal muscle the activity was highest. Right side muscle activities were higher than those of the left in the third group and, on the contrary, the left side was dominant over the right in the fourth group.
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of breathing techniques on trunk muscle activity and balance during Pilates reformer footwork exercises, comparing results both within and between groups before and after the intervention. Methods: Thirty-one adult women over the age of 20 were selected as subjects for this study. They were divided into a Pilates breathing group (n = 15) and a general breathing group (n = 16) using a randomized control group study design. A surface electromyogram was used to measure muscle activity within and between the groups before and after the reformer footwork exercise. Static balance measurements were taken while standing on two legs, and dynamic balance measurements were taken while standing on one leg. All measurements were taken three times, and the average values were used for analysis. Results: The results of the study showed that muscle activity increased with significant differences in the external oblique and transverse abdominal muscles after exercise in the pre-post comparison within the Pilates breathing group (p < 0.05). In the between-group comparison, there was a significant difference in the increase in muscle activity of the external oblique and transverse abdominal muscles in the Pilates breathing group (p < 0.05). In the pre-post comparison of static and dynamic balance within the Pilates breathing group, there was a significant increase (p < 0.05) after exercise. The Pilates breathing group also showed a significant increase even in the between-group comparison (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed that reformer footwork exercise accompanied by Pilates breathing has positive effects on muscle activity and static balance ability of trunk muscles in adult women. Therefore, reformer footwork exercise accompanied by Pilates breathing can be presented as an effective exercise method to increase trunk stability and balance ability through the simultaneous activity of the trunk muscles.
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