• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.347-362
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was that manage effectively the excavation process of the transport tunnel in DONGHAE mine area by investigating the variationof the surface and groundwater flow system around the tunnel and neighbouring villages. Thus, the effect of excavation and water-prrofing process on the water system has been studied through the naked eye survey of the tunnel and the surface outcrop, joint survey, core drilling, the measurement of the surface water quantity, evapotranspiration and precipitation analysis, rock hydraulics approach, the pressure test of boreholes, the variation of the water level, and finally the numerical analysis. From above approachs, we derived the conclusion that the exhaustion of the surface water was not caused by the tunnel excavation on the groundwater system was minimized by effective water proofing process.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2013

This study aims to analyze, by forming an experimental area of artificial soil green area that is of equal scale and analyzing the characteristics of runoff water in accordance with the cross-section configuration, applied the benefits in an actual multi-housing case study complex. In examining the measurement test results of the runoff water infiltration amount and surface runoff amount of a low-profile type green area(Dish type) and a general type green area(Mound type), Dish type was seen to have 1.5-times higher runoff water infiltration amount than Mound type during heavy rainfalls and showed about a 50% reduction with respect to the surface runoff amount. In other words, artificial soil green area offers the benefit of reduction of surface runoff amount and suggests, in actuality even with a change to the cross-sectional configuration of artificial soil green area alone at the time of construction of multi-housings, the possibility of benefits and reduction of costs spent on existing rainwater management facilities.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2003

MODIS LAI product has been one of key variable for analyzing the quantitative aspects of terrestrial ecology at global scale. This study was designed to validate MODIS global LAI product for regional application. To examine the quality of MODIS LAI data, we developed a reference LAI surface that was derived by relating the ground LAI measurements to Landsat ETM+ reflectance. The study area, the Kwangneung Experiment Forest in Korea, covers mixed deciduous and coniferous species of temperate forest. Ground measurements of LAI were conducted at 30 sample plots by using a photo-optical instrument during the growing season of 2002. Ground measured LAI data were then related to the ETM+ reflectance to produce a continuous map of LAI surface over the study area. From the comparison between the MODIS LAI and the reference LAI, it was found that the MODIS LAI values were slightly higher at the forestland. Considering the limitations of producing the reference LAI surface and the uncertainty of the input variable for the MODIS LAI algorithm, such small discrepancy mal not be significant.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.35-40
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• 1992

A recently developed new technique for measuring the fraction of wetted area has applied to pool boiling of water. The basis of the new applied technique of ultrasonic makes use of the reflection of ultrasonic from the vapour surface to measure the fraction of wetted area values. The results are the measured fraction of wetted area values in nucleate and transition boiling and the pool boiling curve for water under steady state conditions. The measurement of this paper shows a fraction of wetted areaf around 0.98 at the critical heat flux for water.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.204-214
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• 2019

A CAD program has recently been introduced that can be directly developed into a three-dimensional human body shape and made into a pattern. It is possible to fabricate a bra that reflects the volume and surface area of the breast; however, it still needs to be verified. This study investigates the average size and shape of 20 big-breasted women and designs a brassiere pattern for women with large breasts using a 3D Flattening function of OptiTex PDS v15.6. In addition, the study verifies the reliability of the proposed method compared to a conventional brassiere pattern. The study results are as follows. First, the three dimensional measurement values were smaller than the direct measurement dimensions when the three dimension measurement dimensions of the subjects were compared with the direct measurement dimensions, the replica measurement dimensions and the three dimensional measurement dimensions. Second, the 3D flattening pattern reflects the actual shape, length, and area of the actual breast when comparing a brassiere pattern using a 3D shape and pattern reflecting the direct measurement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.23 no.9
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• pp.691-695
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• 2010

A measurement method of the particle-based reflective display is proposed, estimated, and compared with reported method. The reflectivity measurement by previous studies is simply obtained by integrating sphere, but it has a limitation for the estimation of real moving particles because its data include surface reflection and incomplete attachment on electrodes. To get the number of real moving particles, the area by attached particles on the electrodes is calculated at microscopic signals. The moving particles on subthreshold voltage are observed and this fluctuational variation of surface on subthreshold voltage gives a tip to understand the driving mechanism. By this measurement we ascertained the relationship of a particle layer and real driving particles, and the feasibility of observation and estimation for moving color particles, which were measured by the reflectivity and CIE (Commission Internationale de I'Eclairage) system of color specification at previous studies.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.705-713
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• 2003

In mid-August 2002, under clear summer pressure patterns, we carried out an intensive meteorological observation to examine the warming effects due to artificial constructions in a large housing complex. We set an automatic weather system(AWS) at two places in a bare soil surface within a limited development district and an asphalt surface within a large apartment residence area, respectively. As a result of observation, it became clear that the difference of the surface air(ground) temperature between the bare soil surface and its peripheral asphalt area reached about 4$^{\circ}C$(13$^{\circ}C$) at the maximum from diurnal variation of surface temperatures on AWS data. Through the heat balance analysis using measurement data, it became clear that the thermal conditions at two places are dependent on the properties of surface material. The latent heat flux over the bare soil surface reached to about 300 W/㎡, which is more than a half of net radiation during the daytime. On the other hand, it was nearly zero over the asphalt surface. Hence, the sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface was far more than that of the bare soil surface. The sensible heat flux over the asphalt surface showed about 20∼30 W/㎡ during the night. It was released from asphalt surface which have far more heat capacity than that of bare soil surface.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.154-154
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• 2017

Root is an important organ of plant that typically lies below the surface of the soil. Root surface determines the ability of plants to absorb nutrient and water from the surrounding soil. This study describes an application of image processing and computer vision which was implemented for rapid measurement of seed germination such as root length, surface area, average diameter, branching points of roots. A CCD camera was used to obtain RGB image of seed germination which have been planted by wet paper in a humidity chamber. Temperature was controlled at approximately 250C and 90% relative humidity. Pre-processing techniques such as color space, binarized image by customized threshold, removal noise, dilation, skeleton method were applied to the obtained images for root segmentation. The various morphological parameters of roots were estimated from a root skeleton image with the accuracy of 95% and the speed of within 10 seconds. These results demonstrated the high potential of computer vision technique for the measurement of seed germination.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.405-408
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• 2010

A technique to measure the adsorption characteristic of surface area and pore size of a ceramic thin film is proposed, and its performance is examine. The thin film is fabricated directly on the resonator surface to measure the adsorption capacity of the film as it is, and using carbon dioxide makes the measurement easy. The results indicates that the measured surface area is satisfactory, while the pore size has some error. It is suggested that readily available carbon dioxide can be used to determine adsorption capacity of thin film at room temperature.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-26
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• 1991

Beta ray $(^{90}Sr+^{90}Y)$ absorbed dose at tissue surface was measured from the distance of 30cm by use of extrapolation chamber. In the measurement, following factors were considered: effective area of collecting electrode, polarity effect, ion recombination and window attenuation. The measured absorbed dose rate at tissue surface was $1.493{\mu}Gy/sec$ with ${\pm}2.9%$.