• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Purpose : The aim of this study is to compare the trunk muscle activities in trunk stabilization on the stable and unstable supporting surfaces using by sEMG. Methods : The subjects of this study include seventeen male. We measured sEMG activities of rectus abdominis and erector spine in subjects during trunk stabilization such as plank exercise, quadruped position, quadruped position with rising hand and foot on the stable and unstable surface. Results : sEMG activities in plank exercise was significantly higher in left rectus abdominis and left erector spine on unstable surface then stable surface (p<.05). sEMG activities of left rectus abdominis and left erector spine in quadruped position was significantly higher in unstable surface than stable surface (p<.05). In comparison with posture, Plank exercise showed a significant difference increase other postures (p<.05). Conclusion : sEMG activities of muscle in trunk stabilization was significantly higher in unstable surface than stable surface and plank exercise. So, we suggest that trunk stabilization on the unstable supporting surface and plank exercise were more effective method than stable surface to improve trunk muscles activities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.73-77
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• 2017

PURPOSE: The present study aimed to measure muscle activities in the pectoralis major, the erector spinae, and the quadriceps femoris according to support surface states of arms and legs during plank exercise. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 21 healthy males in their 20s and their muscle activities at three states were measured as follows: The first state was where the support surface of arms and legs was stable. The second state was where only arms were unstable, and the third state was where only legs were unstable. Electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activities. Pectoralis major, quadriceps femoris, and elector spinae were measured for muscle activities. RESULTS: The muscle activities in the pectoralis major were statistically high when arms were unstable. The muscle activities in the quadriceps femoris were statistically high when legs were unstable. The muscle activities in the erector spinae were higher when arms and legs were unstable compared to that at the stable support surface. No significant difference was revealed statistically when arms and legs were unstable. CONCLUSION: If the instability of arms and legs is employed during plank exercise, exercise on the upper and lower bodies or the erector spinae is expected to be more effective.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2022

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of change in the unstable support surface location during bridge exercise on the muscle activity of erector spinae and gluteus maximus. Research design, data and methodology: 12 healthy participants aged 23.32 ±1.02 were measured muscle activities of erector spinae and gluteus maximus during bridge exercise and compared between the exercise conditions; unstable support surface located on upper back and feet during bridge exercise. Paired t-test was performed to identify whether there was a significant difference in the muscle activities between the exercise conditions. Results: As a result, even though higher levels of the averaged muscle activities of both erector spinae and gluteus maximus during exercise in unstable support surface located on feet than upper back were observed, no significant differences were found. Conclusions: The change of unstable support surface location during bridge exercise for low back pain rehabilitation would be more appropriate to be used to increase levels of tension of muscle activities and train fine motor control rather than to strengthening muscle strength.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.269-286
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• 2011

The purpose of this thesis is to examine difficulties students face in the inquiry activities of quadratic surface throughout mathematically gifted students' analogical inference and the influence of Cabri 3D in students' inquiry activities. For this examination, students' inquiry activities were observed, data of inferring quadratic surface process was analyzed, and students were interviewed in the middle of and at the end of their activities. The result of this thesis is as following: First, students had difficulties to come up with quadratic surfaced graph in the inquiry activity of quadratic surface and express the standard type equation. Secondly, students had difficulties confirming the process of inferred quadratic surface. Especially, students struggled finding out the difference between the inferred quadratic surface and the existing quadratic surface and the cause of it. Thirdly, applying Cabri 3D helped students to think of quadratic surface graph, however, since it could not express the quadratic surface graph in a perfect form, it is hard to say that Cabri 3D is helpful in the process of confirming students' inferred quadratic surface.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 1999

Extrinsic laryngeal muscles are well known to be important for the classical singers. We tried to elucidate any differences in the function of above muscles between trained and untrained singers by non-invasive surface electromyography(EMG). Four trained sopranos and four untrained singers sang vowel /i/ at different pitch(E3, G3, C4, E4, G4, C5, E5, G5, C6). The EMG activities of the suprahyoid, infrahyoid and omohyoid muscles were measured using surface electrodes. In trained singers, infrahyoid muscle activities increased more than those of suprahyoid in most of pitch. To the contrary, in untrained singers, the pattern of EMG activities were variable among each subjects and the EMG activities of suprahyoid muscles were relatively greater than those of infrahyoid.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the abdominalis and erector spinae during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises on the firm surface, the sir-fit, and the foam roll. Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from the both sides of the rectus abdominalis, external obliques, internal obliques, and erector spinae muscles during bridging and unilateral bridging-exercises. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the EMG activity of each muscle according to the support surface condition. Differences in the EMG activities between the bridging and unilateral bridging exercises, and between the right and left side were assessed using a paired t-test. The study showed that the EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher when the bridging exercise was performed using the foam roll or sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of the right rectus abdominis, right external obliques, the right internal oblique, and both erector spinae were significantly higher during unilateral bridging ex exercise using the foam roll or the sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher during the unilateral bridging exercise than during the bridging exercise. Based on these finding, performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the sit-fit or the foam roll is a useful method for facilitating trunk muscle strength and lumbar stability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.348-354
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• 1994

The changes of surface activities in the aquaous solutions of mixed surfactants composed of linear sodium dodecylbenznesulfoate (LAS), polyoxyethylene nonyl phenylether (PE, EO=10) and polyethylene glycol monolauryl ether (LE, EO=25) have been studied. Addition of nonionic surfactants to LAS reduces the surface tension, especially at the lower concentration than cmc. The interfacial tension of olive oil/LAS was lower than the other surfactant solutions. The removal of triolein from cotton fabrics by nonionic surfactants and mixtures is higher than by LAS. The addition of NaCI to surfactant solutions even though reduces surface tension smaller but enthances oil removal more than that of $CaCl_2$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.64-69
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• 1998

Three kinds of N-fluoroacyl carboxy pyridinium chlorides were synthesized by the reaction of pyridine-carboxylic acid such as pyridine-2-carboxylic, pyridine-3-carboxylic and pyridine-4-carboxylic acid with long chain perfluoroacyl chloride. The surface chemical properties including surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, effectiveness of wettability and solubilizing effect were measured. These compounds showed good surface activities as emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent and fire-fighting agent.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of supporting surface instability to trunk and lower extremity muscle activities during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise. Thirty young healthy adults (15 males and 15 females) voluntarily participated in this study. Each subject was asked to perform bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise on three different supporting surfaces (stable ground surface, the wooden balancing board, and the air cushion). The muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography (EMG) during performing exercise. To test statistical significance, one-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used with the significance level of .05. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. (1) There were significant differences in muscle activities on internal oblique, external oblique, gluteus medius, semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius during exercise (p<.05). (2) The biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the wooden balancing board rather than on the ground, and semitendinosus, biceps femoris, medial gastrocnemius and lateral gastrocnemius showed significantly higher muscle activity on the air cushion rather than on the ground (p<.05). Therefore, it is concluded that muscle activities in the trunk and the lower limbs during bridging exercise combined with core-stabilization exercise was affected with instability of supporting surface. Further researches are needed to investigate the long term effect of bridging exercise on muscle activity with patient group.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.94.1-94.1
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• 2011

In this work, ordered mesoporous carbons (OMCs) were prepared by the conventional templating method using mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for Pt-Ru catalyst supports in fuel cells. The influence of surface modification on carbon supports on the electrochemical activities of Pt-Ru/OMCs was investigated with different pH. The neutral-treated OMCs (N-OMCs), base-treated OMCs (B-OMCs), and acid-treated OMCs (A-OMCs) were prepared by treating OMCs with 2 M $C_6H_6$, 2 M KOH, and 2 M $H_3PO_4$, respectively. The surface characteristic of the carbon supports were determined X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrochemical activities of the Pt-Ru catalysts had been enhanced when the OMCs supports were treated by basic or neutral agents, while the electrochemical activities had been decayed for the A-OMCs supported Pt-Ru.