• 대한치과보철학회지
• /
• 제52권2호
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2014

연구 목적: 본 연구는 근관치료된 치아에 레진 시멘트로 fiber reinforced composite post (FRC) post의 접착시 포스트의 다양한 표면처리를 비교하여, 새롭게 제안되고 있는 다용도 프라이머의 효용성에 대해 평가하고자 하였다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 근관치료된 소구치 중 치근길이 1.8 cm 이상 되는 치아만을 총 24개 선택하였다. 표면 처리하지 않은 대조군과 표면처리를 시행한 FRC posts (DT Light Post, Size3, Bisco Inc., Schaumburg, IL, US)를 다음과 같이 6개의 그룹으로 무작위 분류하였다: Group A: airborne-particle abrasion (Cojet sand, 3M ESPE), Group S: silanization (Bis-silane, Bisco Inc.), Group M: universal primer (Monobond-plus primer, Ivoclar Vivadent Inc.), Group AS: silanization after airborne-particle abrasion, Group AM: universal primer treatment after airborne-particle abrasion. 하였다. CEJ에서 1.5 cm 근관성형 후 레진 시멘트를 이용하여 표면처리된 총 24개의 FRC post를 접착하고 광중합하였다. 생리식염수에 24시간 보관한 후 포스트 장축에 수직으로 1 mm 두께로 절단하여 만능시험기로 push-out test를 시행하였다. 포스트가 탈락되는 접착 실패 강도를 측정하고 SEM을 관찰하여 접착 실패 양상을 분류하고, 접착 강도를 Kruskal-Wallis test와 Tukey HSD value of rank test를 이용하여 통계 분석하였다(${\alpha}=0.05$). 결과: Airborne-particle abrasion후 실란 처리한 실험군에서 유의할만하게 높은 접착 강도를 보였다. 실란 처리, airborne-particle abrasion후 다용도 프라이머를 처리한 실험군의 순서로 접착 강도가 높게 나타났다. FRC post의 표면에 특정 전처리를 하지 않은 대조군에서 가장 낮은 결합 강도를 보이고, 이어서 다용도 프라이머, airborne-particle abrasion 순으로 낮은 평균 접착 강도를 보였다. 결론: FRC post의 접착 전 표면 처리 과정으로서 실란 처리를 거친 실험군에서 높은 결합 강도를 보였으며, 다용도 프라이머를 이용한 표면 처리는 실란과 비교하여 유의성 있는 접착 강도의 변화를 보이지 않았다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.209-216
• /
• 2018

Sapphire is a substrate material that is widely used in optical and electronic devices. However, the processing of sapphire into a substrate takes a long time owing to its high hardness and chemical inertness. In order to process the sapphire ingot into a substrate, ingot growth, multiwire sawing, lapping, and polishing are required. The lap grinding process using pellets is known as one of the ways to improve the efficiency of sapphire substrate processing. The lap grinding process ensures high processing efficiency while utilizing two-body abrasion, unlike the lapping process which utilizes three-body abrasion by particles. However, the lap grinding process has a high material removal rate (MRR), while its weakness is in obtaining the required surface roughness for the final polishing process. In this study, we examine the effects of free abrasives in lap grinding on the material removal characteristics of sapphire substrate. Before conducting the lap grinding experiments, it was confirmed that the addition of free abrasives changed the friction force through the pin-on-disk wear test. The MRR and roughness reduction rate are experimentally studied to verify the effects of free abrasive concentration on deionized water. The addition of free abrasives (colloidal silica) in the lap grinding process can improve surface roughness by three-body abrasion along with two-body abrasion by diamond grits.

• 한국해양공학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.502-510
• /
• 2018

In order to accumulate data to lower the friction coefficient of a press mold, tribological tests were performed before and after coating SM45C with a PVC/PO film and plasma coating (CrN, concept). The ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM)-treated material had a nano-size surface texture, high surface hardness, and large and deep compressive residual stress formation. Even when the load was doubled, the small amount of abrasion, small weight of the abrasion, and width and depth of the abrasion did not increase as much as those of untreated materials. A comparison of the weight change before and after the tribological test with the CrN and the concept coating material and that of the untreated material showed that the wear loss of the concept coating material and P-UNSM treated material (that is, the UNSM treated material treated with the concept coating) showed a tendency to decrease by approximately 55-75%. Concept 100N had a lower friction coefficient of about 0.6, and P-UNSM-30-100N showed almost the same curve as concept 100N and had a low coefficient of friction of about 0.6. The concept multilayer coating had a thickness of $5.32{\mu}m$. In the beginning, the coefficient of friction decreased because of the plasma coating, but it started to increase from about 250-300 s. After about 350 s, the coefficient of friction tended to approach the friction coefficient of the SM45C base metal. The SGV-280F film-attached test specimen was slightly pushed back and forth, but the SM45C base material was not exposed due to abrasion. The friction coefficient was 0.22, which was the lowest, and the tribological property was the best in this study.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제6권4호
• /
• pp.272-277
• /
• 2014

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of different surface treatment methods and thermal ageing on the bond strength of autopolymerizing acrylic resin to Co-Cr. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Co-Cr alloy specimens were divided into five groups according to the surface conditioning methods. C: No treatment; SP: flamed with the Silano-Pen device; K: airborne particle abrasion with $Al_2O_3$; Co: airborne particle abrasion with silica-coated $Al_2O_3$; KSP: flamed with the Silano-Pen device after the group K experimental protocol. Then, autopolymerized acrylic resin was applied to the treated specimen surfaces. All the groups were divided into two subgroups with the thermal cycle and water storage to determine the durability of the bond. The bond strength test was applied in an universal test machine and treated Co-Cr alloys were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant differences among surface treatments and thermocycling. Their interactons were followed by a multiple comparison' test performed uing a post hoc Tukey HSD test (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. Surface treatments significantly increased repair strengths of repair resin to Co-Cr alloy. The repair strengths of Group K, and Co significantly decreased after 6,000 cycles (P<.001). CONCLUSION. Thermocycling lead to a significant decrease in shear bond strength for air abrasion with silica-coated aluminum oxide particles. On the contrary, flaming with Silano-Pen did not cause a significant reduction in adhesion after thermocycling.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.154-165
• /
• 1997

Abrasive wear characteristics of high Cr white cast iron-based hardfacing were investigated using the rubber wheel abrasion wear test method according with the ASTM G65-85. Mild steel was also tested for comparison with high Cr cast iron hardfacing. Wear experiments, where the applied force, wheel revolution rate and abrasive powder feed rate were selected as test valuables, were planned and analyzed by response surface method to evaluate wear statistically and quantitatively. Weight loss of high Cr cast iron hardfacing was mostly affected by the applied force and wheel revolution rate, and little by the powder feed rate. Weight loss of mild steel was greatly affected by the wheel revolution rate and powder feed rate, and slowly and steadily increased with the applied force. Abrasive wear mechanism of high Cr cast iron and mild steel was discussed in the light of the wear test results.

• 구강회복응용과학지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.69-81
• /
• 2005

The objective of this study was to evaluate the toothbrush abrasion characteristics of class V restorations. Thirty extracted human premolars, which were collected from oral surgery clinics were used. We mounted five teeth in a metal ring mold of 50 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height using chemically cured acrylic resin. Class V cavities were prepared in lingual cervical root surfaces and restored using one of following restorative materials : Dentin Conditioner/Fuji II LC (Group FL), All Bond II/Z-250 (Group ZT), One-up Bond F/Palfigue Estelite (Group PE), F2000 Primer/Adhesive (Group FT), and Prime & Bond 2.1/Dyract AP (Group DR). They were stored under distilled water at $37^{\circ}C$ for seven days. The toothbrush abrasion test was conducted using a wear testing machine of pin-on disk type under a load of 1.5 N for 100,000 cycles. We have examined the bonded interfaces, the changes of surface roughness and color of abraded surfaces. From this experiment, the following results were obtained. 1. The change of surface roughness showed high degree: RMGIC>compomer>composite resin (p<0.05). 2. Because of the protrusion and missing of filler particles, SEM observation of abraded surfaces of RMGIC and compomers revealed the increase of surface roughness due to the selective removal of matrix resin. 3. The color change by toothbrush abrasion was affected in large part by the change of $L^*$ and $b^*$ of resin composites (p<0.05). 4. The color change by toothbrush abrasion was so small to detect by human eyes. 5. SEM observation of abraded surfaces revealed the interface bonding was the best in the FT group.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제1권2호
• /
• pp.102-106
• /
• 2009

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM. Screw loosening has been a common complication and still reported frequently. PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to evaluate abrasion of the implant fixture and TiN coated abutment screw after repeated delivery and removal with universal measuring microscope. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Implant systems used for this study were Osstem and 3i. Seven pairs of implant fixtures, abutments and abutment screws for each system were selected and all the fixtures were perpendicularly mounted in liquid unsaturated poly-esther with dental surveyor. After 20 times of repeated closing and opening test, the evaluation for the change of inner surface of implant and TiN-coated abutment screw, and weight loss were measured. Mann-Whitney test with SPSS statistical software for Window was applied to analyze the measurement of weight loss. RESULTS. TiN-coated abutment screws of Osstem and 3i showed lesser loss of weight than non-coated those of Osstem and 3i (P < .05, Mann-Whitney test). CONCLUSION. Conclusively, TiN coating of abutment screw showed better resistance to abrasion than titanium abutment screw. It was concluded that TiN coating of abutment screw would reduce the loss of preload with good abrasion resistance and low coefficient of friction, and help to maintain screw joint stability.

• 치위생과학회지
• /
• 제10권5호
• /
• pp.373-378
• /
• 2010

불소도포와 치면열구전색은 치아우식을 예방하기 위한 목적으로 임상에서 널리 병용하여 사용되고 있지만, 불소가 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조를 변화시켜 미생물이 서식할 조건을 마련하여 수복물의 수명을 단축시키는 원인이 될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 현재 치과 임상에서 많이 사용되고 있는 레진계 실란트 Concise와 Eco-S를 사용하였고, 대표적인 불소도포제재 1.23% APF gel과 5% NaF Fluoride Varnish가 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 제작된 치면열구전색제시편을 각각 5군으로 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군, APF gel 1분간 처리한 II군, APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군, Fluoride Varnish 1분간 처리한 IV군, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 V군으로 분류하여 마모실험에 의한 무게변화를 측정하였고, 광학현미경을 이용하여 표면구조를 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 치면열구전색제 Concise를 이용한 마모실험에서 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군에 비하여 APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군에 무게 감소가 증가하였으며, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 V군에서 무게 감소가 적으며(p<0.05), Eco-S를 이용한 마모실험 결과 또한 같았다(p<0.05). 2. 광학현미경으로 표면의 변화를 관찰한 결과 APF gel을 도포한 경우 기질의 소실로 필러가 두드러진 양상을 보였으며, 각 군 별로는 APF gel 4분간 처리한 III군, APF gel 1분간 처리한 II군, 불소제재를 처리하지 않은 I군, Fluoride Varnish 1분간 처리한 IV군, Fluoride Varnish 4분간 처리한 Ⅴ군의 순으로 표면 거칠기가 감소되는 결과를 보였다. 결론적으로, 치면열구전색과 불소도포를 당일 시행하는 경우, 불소도포제를 1.23% APF gel 사용 시 4분 보다 1분 도포하며, 1.23% APF gel보다는 5% NaF Fluoride Varnish 도포하는 것이 치면열구전색제의 표면 구조에 영향을 줄일 수 있다고 사료된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.105-108
• /
• 1995

So far,in deep drilling process there are several manufacturing problems such as hole deviation, hole over size, circularity,straightness and surface roughness. Whit regard to these problems, we atudied the abrasion process on carbided tip of BTA drill and got the follow test results through the abrasion characteristic test and analysis on cutting mechanism for the drill tooth and guide pad. 1) In SM55C drilling process, the most stable and reasonable drilling speed range for optmum abrasion characteristic of drill tooth was 60m.min. 2) The total drilling torque was about 60kg .deg.cm on condition drilling speed 60m/min and 0.15mm/rev. These results show that the theoretical burnising torque is well accord with the tested torque which is working on guide pad.

• 한국표면공학회지
• /
• 제50권5호
• /
• pp.345-351
• /
• 2017

A double-layered anti-reflective coating with hydrophilic/abrasion-resistant properties was studied using anatase titanium dioxide($TiO_2$) and silicon oxycarbide($SiO_xC_y$) thin film. $TiO_2$ and $SiO_xC_y$ thin films were sequentially deposited on a glass substrate by DC sputtering and PECVD, respectively. The optical properties were measured by UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The abrasion-resistance and the hydrophilicity were observed by a taber abrasion tester and a contact angle analyzer, respectively. The $TiO_2/SiO_xC_y$ double-layer thin film had an average transmittance of 91.3%, which was improved by 10% in the visible light region (400 to 800 nm) than that of the $TiO_2$ single-layer thin film. The contact angle of $TiO_2/SiO_xC_y$ film was $6.9^{\circ}$ right after UV exposure. After 9 days from the exposure, the contact angle was $10.2^{\circ}$, which was $33^{\circ}$ lower than that of the $TiO_2$ single-layer film. By the abrasion test, $SiO_xC_y$ film showed a superior abrasion-resistance to the $TiO_2$ film. Consequently, the $TiO_2/SiO_xC_y$ double-layer film has achieved superior anti-reflection, hydrophilicity, and abrasion resistance over the $TiO_2$ or $SiO_xC_y$ single-layer film.