• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 1995

The texture profile of frankfurter sausages was carried out by comparing the domestic(A) and imported(B) products. Fourteen character notes were identified: elasticity, surface moisture, surface smoothness, center hardness, skin toughness, cohesiveness, denseness, chewiness, moisture release, cohesiveness of mass, lumpiness, graininess, skin separation, and oiliness. Reference scales and the $0{\sim}3$ point numerical scaling method were also established. Panelists evaluated sausage A harder than the sausage B. It had higher skin separation and elasticity scores requring more chewing. Sausage B had lower surface moisture and cohesiveness of mass, but higher moisture release and graininess. Panelists commented that the sausage B were oilier but had milder tastes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.5-12
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• 2010

It is very important to get the accurate calculation of pit-excavation volume in many civil engineering projects. There have been common drawbacks to earlier methods of ground profiling, such dealing with sharp corners or the grid points any two straight lines. There are several papers of using spline surfaces to obtain more accurate calculations of the earthwork. In this paper, we propose an algorithm of finding a spline surface without boundary conditions which interpolates the given data and an appropriate method to calculate the earthwork. We present some computational results showing that our proposed method provides good accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.44.2-44.2
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• 2009

Polycrystalline materials suchas yttria and alumina have been applied as a plasma resisting material for the plasma processing chamber. However, polycrystal line material may easily generate particles and the particles are sources of contamination during the plasma enhanced process. Amorphous material can be suitable to prevent particle generation due to absence of grain-boundaries. We manufactured nitrogen-containing $SiO_2-Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$ based glasses with various contents of silicon and fixed nitrogen content. The thermal properties, mechanical properties and plasma etching rate were evaluated and compared for the different composition samples. The plasma etching behavior was estimated using XPS with depth profiling. From the result, the plasma etching rate highly depends on the silicon content and it may results from very low volatile temperature of SiF4 generated during plasma etching. The silicon concentration at the plasma etched surface was very low besides the concentration of yttrium and aluminum was relatively high than that of silicon due to high volatile temperature of fluorine compounds which consisted with aluminum and yttrium. Therefore, we conclude that the samples having low silicon content should be considered to obtain low plasma etching rate for the plasma resisting material.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1299-1307
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• 2009

In order to measure in-situ suspended particle size, volume concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speed, mooring observation was performed at the Gwangyang Bay by using of an optical instrument, 'LISST-100' and an acoustic instrument, 'ADV'(St. S1). And the sediment flux was obtained based on the concentration of suspended particulate matter and current speeds measured at three lines of Gwangyang Bay during ebb and flood tide of August 2006. To investigate the spatial variation of suspended particulate matter, profiling observations were measured difference echo intensity and beam attenuation coefficient by using of ADCP and Transmissometer (Line A, B, C). The suspended sediment flux rate at the mouth of Gwangyang Bay was observed to be higher during asymmetrical than symmetrical of current speeds. The flux of suspended particulate matter concentration and current speeds were transported to southeastern direction of surface layer and northwestern direction of bottom layer at the western area at line A of Gwangyang Bay. Small suspended particles have been found to increase attenuation and transmission more efficiently than similar large particles using acoustic intensity (ADV/ADCP) or optical transmit coefficient (LISST-100/Transmissometer). The application and problems as using optical or acoustic instruments will be detected for use in time varying calibrations to account for non-negligible changes in complex environments in situ particle dynamics are poorly understood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.36
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• pp.139-148
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• 1998

In order to know what sorts of features of neck form may be required to make plans for tight collars, the neck form of young japanese women were measured three demension-ally using GRASP(Grating Projection System for Profiling) and plaster torso. By the BASIC language in NEC computer and EXCEL program in MACINTOSHI computer, it became possible to draft a number of neck surface auomatically, therefore, we got analysis of a mass of subjects. Thed following results were obtained: 1. There was a large individual difference in the shape of neck, in particular, on the front and side curves of the neck base line, where the undulation of clavicular part of neck and inclination of shoulder are refracted. 2. When designing a stand collar, from the viewpoint of clothing strcture, it is important to grasp exactly the shapes of the neck, such as the line of the neck base, the neck gradient, back neck length, back neck width & girth. 3. According to the somatotypes(turing-over, standard, bending type), there were different the method of the basic collar pattern making.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2011

The new metrology, Advanced Poly-silicon Ultra-Trace Profiling (APUTP), was developed for measuring bulk Cu and Ni in heavily boron-doped silicon wafers. A Ni recovery yield of 98.8% and a Cu recovery yield of 96.0% were achieved by optimizing the vapor phase etching and the wafer surface scanning conditions, following capture of Cu and Ni by the poly-silicon layer. A lower limit of detection (LOD) than previous techniques could be achieved using the mixture vapor etching method. This method can be used to indicate the amount of Cu and Ni resulting from bulk contamination in heavily boron-doped silicon wafers during wafer manufacturing. It was found that a higher degree of bulk Ni contamination arose during alkaline etching of heavily boron-doped silicon wafers compared with lightly boron-doped silicon wafers. In addition, it was proven that bulk Cu contamination was easily introduced in the heavily boron-doped silicon wafer by polishing the wafer with a slurry containing Cu in the presence of amine additives.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

Eight strains of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased trout in Korea were characterized and compared with an American type strain by various methods including biochemical and physiological tests, PCR, randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), plasmid profiling, and gel electrophoresis of total, membrane, and extracellular proteins. Virulence factors such as surface array proteins, cytotoxin, hemolysin, haemagglutinin, and protease were also investigated. The Korean strains showed heterogeneity in Iysine decarboxylase production, utilization of various carbon sources, and production of acetoin. Five strains had the same profiles of total and membrane proteins. Six strains haemagglutinated with trout red blood cells (RBCs) which was inhibited by fucose, galactose, and mannose, except for No. 1 where haemagglutination was inhibited by only galactose and mannose, but not by fucose. Four isolates haemagglutinated with human RBCs which was inhibited by fucose and mannose yet not by galactose. The type strain haemagglutinated only with trout RBCs which was inhibited by fucose, galactose, and mannose. Every isolate secreted protease, hemolysin, cytotoxin, and siderophore, but no enterotoxin. Results showed that the Korean isolates, except for No.7, had very different biochemical and molecular characteristics from those of the American type strain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1173-1177
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• 2004

현재 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되고 있는 지하투과레이더(Ground Penetrating Radar, GPR)를 이용하여 지하수면 및 함수량을 추정하였다. 비피압대수층 내에서의 얕은 포화대(saturated zone) 깊이을 산정하는 연구(livari and Doolittle, 1994, van Overmeeren, 1994)와 포화대 상부 습윤대(wetting fronts)의 거동를 조사한 연구(Vellidis et al, 1990) 등에 활용된 바 있는 GPR 기숙을 바탕으로 비피압대수층의 통기대와 포화대 내의 함수량 및 지하수면 추정을 위한 기초 실험을 수행하였다. 지하수면 및 함수량의 현장 적용성을 검증하기 위해서는 시간과 경제적인 면에서 비효율적인 점을 고려하여 사질토로 구성된 실험용 토조를 제작하여 건조시 획득된 GPR 자료, 지하수면의 변화에 따른 GPR 이미지를 비교하여 그 적용성을 검토하고 시${\cdot}$공간적 지하수면의 정확한 추정을 위해서 삼차원으로 비교${\cdot}$검토할 수 있도록 하였으며, GPR 자료의 정확성을 검증하기 위해서 토조 하부에 액주계(piezometer)를 설치하였다. 본 연구에서 적용된 GPR 실험은 획득된 이미지의 해석에 다소 어려움이 있지만 토양을 교란시키지 않고 비교적 간편하게 함수랑 및 지하수면의 위치를 파악하는데 매우 효과적이며, 추가적으로 GPR을 이용한 다양한 실험이 수행된다면 GPR 기술은 향후 기존 방법에서 쉽게 판단하기 어려운 시${\cdot}$공간적인 함수량 및 지하수의 분포 특성을 효율적으로 파악하는데 매우 큰 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.02a
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• pp.275-275
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• 2012

The relative composition of $Cu(InGa)Se_2$ solar cells is one of the most important measurement issues. However, quantitative analysis of multi-component alloy films is difficult by surface analysis methods due to severe matrix effect. In this study, quantitative depth profiling analysis of CIGS films was investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The compositions were measured by SIMS using the alloy reference relative sensitivity factors derived from the certified compositions and the total counting numbers of each element. The compositions measured by SIMS were linearly proportional to those by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) using isotope dilution method. In this study, the quantification measured by ICP-MS method is compared with the composition calculated by SIMS depth profiles with AR-RSFs obtained from the reference. The SIMS depth profile of CIGS thin films according to the manufacturing condition was converted into compositional depth profile.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.88-93
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• 2003

Co/Ti bilayer structure in Co salicide process helps to the improvement of device speed by lowering contact resistance due to the epitaxial growth of $CoSi_2$layers. We investigated the epitaxial growth and interfacial mass transport of $CoSi_2$layers formed from $150 \AA$-Co/Ti structure with two step rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The thicknesses of Ti layers were varied from 20 $\AA$ to 100 $\AA$. After we confirmed the appropriate deposition of Ti film even below $100\AA$-thick, we investigated the cross sectional microstructure, surface roughness, eptiaxial growth, and mass transportation of$ CoSi_2$films formed from various Ti thickness with a cross sectional transmission electron microscopy XTEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), X-ray diffractometery (XRD), and Auger electron depth profiling, respectively. We found that all Ti interlayer led to$ CoSi_2$epitaxial growth, while $20 \AA$-thick Ti caused imperfect epitaxy. Ti interlayer also caused Co-Ti-Si compounds on top of $CoSi_2$, which were very hard to remove selectively. Our result implied that we need to employ appropriate Ti thickness to enhance the epitaxial growth as well as to lessen Co-Ti-Si compound formation.