• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.252-262
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• 2014

Sorghum seed is traditionally used as secondary food sources in addition to rice in Korea. While the hypoglycemia regulating phytochemicals have been found in sorghum seed, peptides related with hypoglycemia never been studied before. To obtain the peptide characteristics and the specifically high-expressed peptides in hypoglycemic sorghum seed, peptide profiles of seven hypoglycemic and five non-hypoglycemic sorghum lines bred in RDA were determined using surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS). The twelve sorghum lines exhibited 104 peptides on CM10 protein chip array (weak cation exchange) and 95 peptides on Q10 (weak cation exchange) in the molecular mass range from 2,000 to 20,000 Da. Heat map via supervised hierarchical clustering of the significantly different peptides (p < 0.01) in peak intensity among the 12 lines effectively revealed the specifically upregulated peptides in each line and distinguished between 7 hypoglycemic and 5 non-hypoglycemic lines. Through the comparison with hypoglycemic and non-hypoglycemic lines, 10 peptides including 2231.6, 2845.4, 2907.9, 3063.5, 3132.6, 3520.8, 4078.8, 5066.2, 5296.5, 5375.5 Da were specifically high-expressed in hypoglycemic lines at p < 0.00001. This study characterized seed peptides of 12 sorghums and found ten peptides highly expressed for hypoglycemic sorghum lines, which could be used as peptide biomarkers for identification of hypoglycemic sorghum.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

We investigated the silicide reaction stability between 10 nm-Col-xNix alloy films and silicon substrates with the existence of 4 nm-thick natural oxide layers. We thermally evaporated 10 nm-Col-xNix alloy films by varying $x=0.1{\sim}0.9$ on naturally oxidized single crystal and 70 nm-thick polycrystalline silicon substrates. The films structures were annealed by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) from $600^{\circ}C$ to $1100^{\circ}C$ for 40 seconds with the purpose of silicidation. After the removal of residual metallic residue with sulfuric acid, the sheet resistance, microstructure, composition, and surface roughness were investigated using a four-point probe, a field emission scanning electron microscope, a field ion bean4 an X-ray diffractometer, and an Auger electron depth profiling spectroscope, respectively, to confirm the silicide reaction. The residual stress of silicon substrate was also analyzed using a micro-Raman spectrometer We report that the silicide reaction does not occur if natural oxides are present. Metallic oxide residues may be present on a polysilicon substrate at high silicidation temperatures. Huge residual stress is possible on a single crystal silicon substrate at high temperature, and these may result in micro-pinholes. Our results imply that the natural oxide layer removal process is of importance to ensure the successful completion of the silicide process with CoNi alloy films.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Purpose: TiN films were deposited on sus304 by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system which was designed and developed as unbalancing the strength of the magnets in the magnetron electrode. The color and hardness of deposited TiN films was investigated. Methods: The cross sections of deposited films on silicon wafer were observed by SEM to measure the thickness of the films, the components of the surface of the films were identified by XPS, the components of the inner parts of the films were observed by XPS depth profiling. XPS high resolution scans and curve fittings of deposited films were performed for quantitative chemical analysis, Vickers micro hardness measurements of deposited films were performed with a nano indenter equipment. Results: The colors of deposited films gradually changed from light gold to dark gold, light violet, and indigo color with increasing of the thickness. It could be seen that the color change come from the composite change of three compound,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$, $TiO_2$, TiN. Especially, the composite change of$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound was thought to affect the color change with respect to thickness. Conclusions: Deposited films had lower than the value of general TiN film in Vickers hardness, which was caused by mixing three TiN, $TiO_2$,$TiO_{x}N_{y}$ compound in the deposited films. The increasing and decreasing of micro hardness with respect to thickness was thought to have something to do with the composite of TiN in the films.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.712-720
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of rat corneal-derived epithelial cells as an in vitro model to evaluate the harmfulness of the cornea caused by particulate matter 2.5 (PM_2.5). To establish an experimental model for the effect of PM_2.5 on corneal epithelial cells, it was confirmed that primary cultured cells isolated from rat eyes were corneal epithelial cells through pan-cytokeratin staining. Our results showed that PM_2.5 treatment reduced cell viability of primary rat corneal epithelial (RCE) cells, which was associated with the induction of apoptosis. PM_2.5 treatment also increased the generation of reactive oxygen species due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In addition, the production of nitric oxide and inflammatory cytokines was increased in PM_2.5-treated RCE cells. Furthermore, through heatmap analysis showing various expression profiling between PM_2.5-exposed and unexposed RCE cells, we proposed five genes, including BLNK, IL-1RA, Itga2b, ABCb1a and Ptgs2, as potential targets for clinical treatment of PM-related ocular diseases. These findings indicate that the primary RCE cell line is a useful in vitro model system for the study of PM_2.5-mediated pathological mechanisms and that PM2.5-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses are key factors in PM2.5-induced ocular surface disorders.