• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.840-851
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• 2021

In this study, we used a chemiluminescence reaction to investigate the removal effect of pet soil, such as dog blood, urine and feces. The soiled fabrics were washed with a standard laundry course of 30℃ and a washing time of 30 min and a pet care laundry course of 40-60℃ and a washing time of 100 min. The detergency was evaluated by the surface reflectance and chemiluminescence reaction (bloodstain detection by luminol test and urine-stain and feces-stain detection by UV blacklight test) before and after washing. The surface reflectance results did not show any difference in detergency for both courses, whereas the chemiluminescence reaction did. The detergency of the pet care course compared to the standard course was 101% according to the surface reflectance and 120% according to the chemiluminescence reaction. Therefore, residual stains not detected by surface reflectance can be evaluated through chemiluminescence reaction, and it was confirmed that pet stains can be managed more hygienically by washing for a long time at a high temperature.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.462-468
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• 2010

A new course keeping controller for RIB(Rigid Inflatable Boat)-type USV(Unmanned Surface Vehicle) is developed using pilot's steering pattern. A pilot's simple steering pattern is found out from various course change tests. It is used to course keeping algorithm, suitable for large course change more than 60 degrees. To validate the course keeping controller, sea trial tests are conducted. From sea trial test, new course keeping controller shows good performance with less overshoot, maximum roll angle less than $20^{\circ}$, which makes it possible that fast course changes without slip motion of USV.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.101-110
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• 1998

The safe passing maneuver of a large vessel along the designed course through a narrow channel in the flow of strong current is greatly related with her maneuvering characteristics. This paper treats maneuvering characteristic of a large vessel changing her course with the use of her control surface in a narrow channel with strong current. In this paper, the author proposed mathematical models of calculating maneuvering motions of the very large LNG tanker altering course using her control surface and calculated passing tracks of the vessel through the channel and compared the calculated results with those of maneuvering simulations by a desk-top simulator. In general the motions with the calculated values and the simulated motions are well coincided with each other.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.86-92
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• 2013

In studies on an alternative insulating gas of $SF_6$ gas, the section of the alternative gas and an insulation technique to improve its low dielectric strength have been reported, but very few attempts have been made at the dependence of a gas pressure and a gap as well as the medium effect in the alternative gas. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the dependence of the gas pressure and the gap at surface flashover voltage in dry air. The dependence is analyzed based on the medium effect. The medium effect by the gas pressure and the gap can be explained by surface roughness of a solid dielectric and an electrode as well as an electric field which decreases due to the correlation between the collision ionization coefficient and the gap, respectively. In addition, an insulation technique which can fabricate a compact eco-friendly gas insulated switchgear is proposed by the results of this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.3296-3301
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• 2011

The Porous pavement gains popularity because of several benefits. It is to minimize hydro-planning condition, spraying condition, and splash to increase friction resistance, and decrease noise. Also, other studies showed that it is important to have appropriate porosity to reduce noise and water flush. The purpose of this study is an evaluation on the mechanical properties of asphalt pavements for surface course. In this study the specimen was manufactured using the Gyratory compactor in order to compact the strengthened surface course that involved the two-layer pavement. This study is conducted by using Marshall stability test(KS F 2377), Impact resonance test, Schmidt hammer test(KS F 2730), and the Uniaxial compression test(KS F 2314). Using the Uniaxial compression test and Schmidt hammer test, the values of compressive strength and bearing capacity were measured, and the modulus of elasticity for each specimen was respectively measured using the Uniaxial compression test, Impact Resonance test.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.66-77
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• 1992

A prototype probabilistic approach to thickness design for asphalt pavement surface course was developed using first-order second moment probability model. The tensile strain (load effect) developing at the bottom of surface layer due to the wheel load and the critical strain (resistance) of asphalt concrete were used as random variables for pavement reliability analysis. Based on the parameters for load effect and resistance data collected from reference and field, simulated data were generated by Monte Carlo method for reliability evaluation of the pavement for a typical rural highway. Thickness of pavement surface course was defined in terms of target reliability of the pavement, growth factor of traffic, design life of pavement and resistance of the asphalt concrete to be placed on the pavement. According to these rationales, prototype thickness design chrats were sugested through example studies. From these, similar design charts can be developed for many pavements if appropriate data and target reliability are determined.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-57
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the elastic effect of deformation and restriction in wearing a support type panty stocking (PS). The study investigated deformation rate in all surface area, deformation rate in local area, length deformation rate, changes in slip and feeling of restriction under the standard laboratory condition. Two healthy adult females in twenties wore four types of PS. The result were as follows : The deformation rate in all surface area was 117 .approx. 132% in wearing support type PS, 157% in wearing mono type PS, due to the intensities of restriction. The deformation rate in local area was in order, course > oblique > wale direction. The largest deformation rate was observed in hip girth. Between the deformation rates in all surface and local areas was a high correlation acknowledged, especially the course direction showed a high correlation. Support type PSs showed more deformation and changes of slip than wool and mono type PS. Especially, changes of slip at the knee appeared greatly. The responses of restriction evaluated from a paired comparison method were in order, JS 2 > KS 4 > KS 9 > KS 5 > KS 1 > KM 3.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.450-454
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• 2007

Objective : The aim of this study was to identify the anatomical location and course of the facial nerve (FN) and their relationship to the tumor size in surgically treated vestibular schwannomas. Methods : A retrospective study was conducted on 163 patients who had been treated by the microsurgical resection for a newly diagnosed vestibular schwannoma between 1995 and 2005 (mean age of 46.1 years; 108 females and 55 males). Surgery was carried out via retrosigmoid approach in all patients with the electromyographic monitoring for the FN function. The anatomical location and course of the FN along the tumor surface were verified in each patient during the microsurgery, and were classified into 4 groups : 1) the FN displaced along the ventral and superior surface of the tumor (VS); 2) the ventral and central (VC); 3) the ventral and inferior (VI); and 4) the dorsal (Do). Results : The FN displacement was identified as the followings : VS in 91 patients (55.8%); VC in 57 (35.0%); VI in 14 (8.6%); and Do in 1 (0.6%). In the subgroup with tumors less than 2 cm in diameter (n=23), the FN was displaced along the ventral and central surface of the tumor in the majority (65.2%), whereas, in the patients with tumors larger than 2cm (n=140), it was displaced along the ventral and superior surface most frequently (59.3%). Conclusion : The FN can be displaced variably in vestibular schwannomas, and most frequently along the ventral and superior surface of the tumor, especially in large ones.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.41-50
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the changes in geomorphic characteristics of a small watershed when a golf course is constructed. The research site is a set of seven small watersheds including an 18-hole golf course that were randomly selected. The size, shape, and drainage network of watersheds were measured by using planimeter, watershed eccentricity, and stream order, respectively. In addition, a 25m$\times$25m mesh was used on topographic maps and grading plans in order to obtain the slope, elevation, and aspect of the watersheds. The major results of this research, while investigating of the changes in geomorphic characteristics of watersheds when a golf course is constructed, are as follows: 1. The size of watersheds is increased in accordance to the difference in elevation between the golf course site and the small watershed. 2. The watershed eccentricities are in general similar except for a few low-valued cases. 3. The changes in the average altitude and the gradient are more drastic with their bigger original values. 4. The aspects are changed more with decreasing elevation. 5. The stream order decreases in the case of a low watershed eccentricity. 6. The surface modification has a closer relationship to the slope rather than the size of effective use area. 7. With a steeper gradient and an excessively low gradient, the height of cutting/filling is increased.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2006

Focusing on the emergence of the basic course in American schools of architecture, in particular Gyorgy Kepes' courses at MIT, this paper studies the transformation of architectural pedagogy during the years after World War II. Kepes centered his architectural pedagogy on the picture plane, which was to function as the primary media for applying the principles of Gestalt psychology, that is the identification of the whole and its parts and the reciprocity between the internal human organism and the outside world. Kepes hence introduced a set of unconventional visual practices that were not readily assimilated to architectural conventions. Paralleling the establishment of the basic course, MIT also formulated a functionalist and spatial pedagogy with its two initial design studios, courses 4.721 and 4.722. These studios shared the notion that architectural design evolved from the inside toward the outside, an idea that took hold not just in the pragmatic environment of MIT's studios but also in conservative academic programs as well as in popular magazines, picture books, and exhibitions for the consumer public. The architectural surface became inseparable from the objects of art, furniture, and design, all of which were to be the generators of space. Hence, during the 1950s, the architectural surface provided a specific locus of intersection between the visual fundamentals of the basic course and the working principles of architectural design. Kepes, however, had by this time become disillusioned with architecture's potential as the medium of unity. Though he maintained the Gestalt logic of identity, he expanded it toward the goal of grander synthesis of society and consciousness freeing himself from the constraints of disciplinary instruction. In the case of Kepes, the mediating role of the picture plane was foregone in a regressive turn toward a primal, innocent, and direct experience.