• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.121-145
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• 2008

Northeast Asia is increasingly making a transition to distinctive and crucial region in the 21st Century and growing into one of world's top three economic spheres along with the EU and NAFTA. In 2003, Korean government announced the Northeast Asian economic hub country plan as an important agenda. As a means of coping with the changing global environment, Korean government designated Incheon in 2003 as the country's first Free Economic Zone ahead of Busan and Gwangyang Bay in the south of the country because Incheon has a geographical advantage linking North America and Europe with Incheon International Airport and Incheon Seaport. The purpose of this paper is to make research on establishment and operation of an arbitral body entitled ${\ulcorner}International Arbitration Center{\lrcorner}$ (IAC) within Incheon Free Economic Zone(IFEZ). For the purpose of this, the writer in this paper, reviewed the necessity of the IAC's establishment and its legal basis as well as the role and function of the Center. Also, the writer presented plans for how to operate the IAC and how to cooperate with the key arbitral organizations of foreign countries for the settlement promotion of commercial disputes including trade and investment. With development of the IFEZ, world-renowned enterprises will invest in the Incheon economic bloc and conduct economic activities, business operation, marketing, logistics, financing, etc. In this connection, diverse types of commercial disputes are expected to occur between foreign companies entering the IFEZ and Korean firms. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) has been operating its liaison office in the IFEZ since 2004. However, in view of the increasing arbitration demand, the IAC should be set up in the IFEZ in the near future by the positive support of the government in the respect of both administration and finance because the free economic zone-related law provides for the installation of arbitration organization. For the success of the IAC, the Center will have to provide not only good quality of arbitral services that can satisfy arbitration parties but also need to conduct researches and make efforts so that arbitration can be utilized well in the IFEZ. If the IFEZ can provide advantageous business environments to those multinational enterprises intending to the Incheon economic bloc, the IAC will also contribute to the settlement of commercial disputes arising from the Gaeseong Industrial Complex in North Korea in view of the geographical advantage and logistic benefit of the IFEZ. Finally, this paper also suggests a new model for a joint dispute resolution system by the initiative of Korean government and Korean arbitral organizations for the settlement of commercial disputes within Northeast Asia, for which the CAMCA(Commercial Arbitration and Mediation Center for the Americas) of NAFTA can be a good example.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2010

Objective: ZhangJinYoPian(藏珍要編, ZJYP) is a book witten by Song-WooGe in the late 19th century. While Korea has lost this book to tell us Korea traditional acupuncture treatment in the late 19th century, This book appeared as a manuscript in Japan. There is no reaserch or study carried out for this book. Furthermore, a few people know existence of this book. So I analyzed acupuncture treatment of the ZJYP and sort out the distinctive feature of it. Method: For that, I studied bibliographic information of this book and classified contents of it into three parts - medical thought, needle manipulation and acupoint selection to consider it's caracteristics. Results and Conclusions: 1. The author of ZJYP thought that weakness of good power in the body and strongness of evil power out of the body cause a disease. so Doctor should examine quality of both to care patient's pain. 2. The author of ZJYP thought that needle manipulation is one of the most important thing. Doctors can use needle manipulation to control patient condition. Especially, he suggested cooling and heating manipulation except reinforcement and reduction. 3. He stressed viscera and bowels. he located viscera and bowels theory in front of the book to explain relationship of these. It shows us that ZJYP maintained academic characteristics of acupuncture in Chosun-Korea. 4. While He minimized the number of acupoints used in treatment, he multiplied its combination. He selected one or two acupoints from each meridian pathway. It include Eight Confluent points(八脈交會穴). But these points were used in different ways to control the viscera and bowels, not to care the eight extra meridians.

• 융합보안논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2023

러시아-우크라이나전쟁에서 민간인학살이 자행되고 있고 예비전력이 부족하여 장기전으로 고착되고 있다. 한국은 인구감소가 급격히 진행되고 빠르게 고령사회로 진입하고 있는 현실은 감안하여 북한과의 전쟁양상도 변화되어야 할 시점에 와 있다. 그중 민간경비원을 중심으로 평소 치안방범인력으로 경찰의 통제하에 두고 전시 지역과 주민의 안전, 장기전에 대비하는 예비전력 대체자원으로 운용한다면 전투력 보존과 지속력 유지에 도움이 될 것이다. 민간경비는 일본이 더 발전되고 있는 상황을 고려하여 한국과 비교하면서 분단국가 예비전력으로 활용하는 방안에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 저출산이 병력감소로 이어질 정해진 미래를 민간경비원들이 평시에는 지역 치안공백에 운용되고 전시에는 지역방위에 참여 한다면 한국군 예비전력 향상에 도움이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2012년도 학술발표회
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• pp.11-17
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• 2012

The Waikato River is New Zealand's longest River, though relatively small on international scales. It drains the central North Island and has New Zealand's largest lake (Lake Taupo) at its headwaters. The upper reaches have sustained flows fed by large aquifers which are recharged by rainfall events providing relatively constant river flows, whereas the lower reaches respond more directly to rainfall events having more peaky flows after rainfall and extreme low flows during dry periods. Consumptive allocation from the river is relatively low with only about 3% of the mean annual flow being allocated. However, more than seven times the river's flow is allocated for non-consumptive purposes before discharging to the Tasman Sea. The majority of this non-consumptive allocation is for hydro power generation and as cooling water at both thermal and geothermal power stations which produce up to 25% of New Zealand's electricity. The upper half of the river has been heavily modified with the construction of eight dams for power generation. This has resulted in a succession of cascading dams replacing the previously uncontrolled river. The Waikato River also provides drinking water for Auckland City (NZ's largest city) and Hamilton City (NZ's 4th largest city). In recent years there has also been considerable growth in water requirements for pasture irrigation to support the intensification of dairy farming in the catchment. Operators of the power stations are concerned that any further consumptive allocation will further reduce their ability to generate electricity. The Waikato Regional Council, who is charged with managing the river and allocation of water, has recently set new rules for managing the conflicting allocation demands on the Waikato River. This has resulted in an end to further allocation of water where it results in a loss of water for electricity generation from renewable resources (fresh water and geothermal water). The exception to this is the prioritisation of water for municipal supplies ahead of other consumptive uses such as industries and irrigators.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 2024

항만배후단지는 항만과 인접한 배후공간으로 항만의 기능이 더욱 활성화될 수 있도록 지원한다. 하지만, 국내 항만배후단지는 단순한 항만물류지원기능에 국한되어 있으며 인프라 시설, 정책 및 지원, 투자 미흡 등으로 인하여 항만배후단지 활성화에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 이에 본 논문은 국내 항만배후단지 업체별 내부자료를 바탕으로 DEA 분석 및 생산성 분석을 진행하여 국내 항만배후단지의 종합적인 정책 방향을 도출하고자 하였다. DEA 분석결과 창고업의 경우 광양항 서측, 인천항 북항 항만배후단지가 효율적인 것으로 나타났으며, 제조업의 경우 인천항 북항, 울산항 1공구 항만배후단지가 효율적으로 나타났다. 또한, 외국인 투자규모별 생산성의 경우 광양항 서측, 평택당진항 1단계 항만배후단지가 높게 나타났으며, 시설 투자규모별 생산성은 광양항 서측, 인천항 북항 항만배후단지가 높은 생산성을 보였다. 마지막으로, 노동생산성은 인천항 북항, 부산항 웅동 항만배후단지가 가장 높은 생산성을 보였다. 이러한 결과는 항만배후단지 입주기업 선정 시 취급 품목이 효율성에 중요한 영향을 주며, 외국인 투자규모, 시설 투자규모, 종업원 수가 항만배후단지의 생산성 향상으로 직결되고 있지 않은 상황을 나타낸다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권32호
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• pp.192-221
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• 2013

In order to deal with the current economic crisis, the U.S. government, as a part of its austerity fiscal policy, implemented a budget sequester. The sequester will hit the U.S. defense budget the hardest, and as a result will most likely put the security of the international community in jeopardy. The U.S. will have to cut 46 billion dollars from its original 525 billon defense spending in 2013. And by the year 2022, will have to cut 486.9 billion dollars. Such an astronomical decrease in the U.S. defense spending will inevitably burden the friendly nations. According to recent studies, pirate related incidents in Somalia, where piracy is most active, has declined from its 226 incidents to 76 incidents per year in 2012, a 66% drop from previous years'. However, piracy threats as well as those related to firearms still remain and thus participants of anti-piracy operations, namely the U.S., U.K., France, Canada, NCC, EUNAVFOR, and NATO, are facing a problem of declining forces. Considering the current situation as well as rising expectations from the international community, Republic of Korea, a supporter of NCC's maritime security operation, not to mention its foremost duty of securing its sea, is at a stage to re-examine its operational picture. Such action will be a good opportunity for Republic of Korea to build the trust and live up to the international community's expectation. To quote from the network theory, although in relation to other friendly nations participating in the anti-piracy operation, Republic of Korea currently remains at a single cell level, this opportunity will certainly develop Korea to a 'node' nation in which power and information would flow into. Through this expansion of operational capability, Republic of Korea will be able to exert more influence as a more developed nation. Currently however, not only is the single 4,500 ton class destroyer deployed in Somalia a limited unit to further expand the scale and amount of force projection in the area, but also the total of six 4,500 ton class destroyers ROK feet possess is at a high fatigue degree due to standard patrolling operations, midshipman cruise and the RIMPAC exercise. ROK fleet therefore must consider expanding the number of ships deployed along with either deploying combat support ships or constructing logistics support site in the African region. Thus, by expanding its operational capabilities and furthermore by abiding to the rightful responsibilities of a middle power nation, Republic of Korea will surely earn its respect among the members of the international community.

• 정보화연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-23
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• 2014

킬체인(Kill Chain)이 최근에 북한의 핵실험, 미사일 발사 등으로 인해 주목을 받고 있으며, 조기 구축의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 킬체인 구축을 구체화하기 위하여 센서와 타격무기가 효과적으로 작전을 지원할 수 있도록 한국형 킬체인 네트워크에 대하여 검토해야 한다. 특히, 산악지역 및 해양을 포함한 짧은 종심의 합동전장 환경에서 적 위협으로부터 공격 대응시간을 단축할 수 있는 적합한 표적정보 전달 네트워크가 필요하다. 현재 작전에서는 다양한 유 무선 통신체계를 이용하여 음성, 데이터, 이미지, 문자 등을 작전에 활용하고 있다. 그러므로 본 논문은 킬체인에서 적용될 수 있는 표적정보 전달 네트워크에 대하여 분석하는 것이다. 그리고 네트워크의 정책적 대안에 대한 확증을 위해 AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) 기법을 적용하여 킬체인에 적합한 표적정보 전달 네트워크를 식별하였다. 이를 통해 합동 전장 환경하에서 적용 가능한 킬체인 표적정보 전달 네트워크 및 구축방안을 제시하였다.

• 지역연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.21-38
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• 1999

This paper is concerned with analyzing the role of Northeast Asia intercity networks in Northeast Asia in creating regional networks. For the purpose of this paper, we have followed Choe's (1996) definition of Northeast Asia which includes the Russian Fat East, the Northeast region of China, South Korea, North Korea and Japan. The central hypothesis of the paper is that the geopolitical conditions of Northeast Asia compared for example with Southeast Asia, favor bilateral rather than multilateral linkages between nation states. In these circumstances, it is our hypothesis that cities will play an important role in developing a "local image" of regio-nalism and intercity networks. In order to analyze this hypothesis, the paper is divided into three parts. Part A analyzes the emerging urban system of the Northeast Asia region using Choe's concept of the BESETO corridor and updating his data from the late 1980s to the mid 1990s just prior to the financial crisis. This analysis is further supported by the analysis of economic and transportation linkages within the urban system of the region with some discussion of emerging urban nodes. Part B looks at the specific case studies of the region including the Bohai Sea region, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, the Japan Sea and case studies of Sapporo, Pusan and Shandong province cities. Part C summarizes this preceding analysis and that the development of regionalism and servicing urban nodes is move likely to emerge from a myriad of linkages developed between the region's cities than from a supra-regional role of nation states. This finding has important implications for regional policy formation suggesting that there should be considerate national support for international linkages between cities.en cities.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2011

과학기술위성 3호는 우리별 위성 시리즈와 과학기술위성 1호, 2호를 잇는 소형위성으로 첨단 위성체 핵심 기술 선행연구, 첨단 우주 및 지구 과학 탑재체 개발, 우주분야 인력 양성 등의 다양한 역할을 수행한다. 과학기술위성의 주탑재체는 다목적 적외선 영상시스템으로 우리은하와 황도극지방을 관측하여 우주의 기원을 연구한다. 다목적 적외선 영상시스템에는 국산 적외선 센서의 우주검증을 위해 지표면의 적외선 영상 획득 임무도 추가되었다. 부탑재체는 초소형 영상 분광기로서 농작물의 작황, 댐의 수질 예측 모델, 에어로졸 광학 두께 측정 연구 등에 활용된다. 본 논문에서는 2012년 말에 발사되어 주어진 임무기간 동안 과학기술위성 3호의 다양한 임무 수행을 위한 운영개념을 설명한다.

• 대기
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.277-295
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• 2022

The global weather prediction model, Korean Integrated Model (KIM), has been in operation since April 2020 by the Korea Meteorological Administration. This study assessed the performance of heat waves (HWs) in Korea in 2020. Case experiments during 2018-2020 were conducted to support the reliability of assessment, and the factors which affect predictability of the HWs were analyzed. Simulated expansion and retreat of the Tibetan High and North Pacific High during the 2020 HW had a good agreement with the analysis. However, the model showed significant cold biases in the maximum surface temperature. It was found that the temperature bias was highly related to underestimation of downward shortwave radiation at surface, which was linked to cloudiness. KIM tended to overestimate nighttime clouds that delayed the dissipation of cloud in the morning, which affected the shortage of downward solar radiation. The vertical profiles of temperature and moisture showed that cold bias and trapped moisture in the lower atmosphere produce favorable conditions for cloud formation over the Yellow Sea, which affected overestimation of cloud in downwind land. Sensitivity test was performed to reduce model bias, which was done by modulating moisture mixing parameter in the boundary layer scheme. Results indicated that the daytime temperature errors were reduced by increase in surface solar irradiance with enhanced cloud dissipation. This study suggested that not only the synoptic features but also the accuracy of low-level temperature and moisture condition played an important role in predicting the maximum temperature during the HWs in medium-range forecasts.