• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2005

To provide observed oceanography data at coastal fish and shellfish farm in the northeastern sea of the Korean peninsula on real time base, we developed real time application system for fisheries oceanography information. The system has been made up a mooring buoy system, a server for oceanography data collection, a server for archiving data and a database system, and a web server for providing fisheries oceanography information using internet. Futhermore, to support letters service on a cellular phone, we developed the communication system from mooring buoy to cell phone on real time base. The oceanography data derived from the system are water temperature speed and direction of current in surface layer middle layer and bottom layer in hour. We were able to quantify short term variation of ocean conditions within several days at shellfish farm such as a scallop sea farm using our system. To reduce damages of fish and shellfish farm from abnormal phenomena of ocean conditions such as a broken stratification of water, an occurrence of abnormal coastal cold water and warm water we will be able to move vertically and horizontally the sea farm facilities to proper conditions using real time oceanography information derive from the system.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.642-642
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• 2013

Graphene, two dimensional single layer of carbon atoms, has tremendous attention due to its superior property such as high electron mobility, high thermal conductivity and optical transparency. Especially, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene has been used as a promising material for high quality and large-scale graphene film. Unfortunately, although CVD-grown graphene has strong advantages, application of the CVD-grown graphene is limited due to ineffective transfer process that delivers the graphene onto a desired substrate by using polymer support layer such as PMMA(polymethyl methacrylate). The transferred CVD-grown graphene has serious drawback due to remaining polymeric residues generated during transfer process, which induces the poor physical and electrical characteristics by a p-doping effect and impurity scattering. To solve such issue incurred during polymer transfer process of CVD-grown graphene, various approaches including thermal annealing, chemical cleaning, mechanical cleaning have been tried but were not successful in getting rid of polymeric residues. On the other hand, lithographical patterning of graphene is an essential step in any form of microelectronic processing and most of conventional lithographic techniques employ photoresist for the definition of graphene patterns on substrates. But, application of photoresist is undesirable because of the presence of residual polymers that contaminate the graphene surface consistent with the effects generated during transfer process. Therefore, in order to fully utilize the excellent properties of CVD-grown graphene, new approach of transfer and patterning techniques which can avoid polymeric residue problem needs to be developed. In this work, we carried out transfer and patterning process simultaneously with no polymeric residue by using a metal etch mask. The patterned thin gold layer was deposited on CVD-grown graphene instead of photoresists in order to make much cleaner and smoother surface and then transferred onto a desired substrate with PMMA, which does not directly contact with graphene surface. We compare the surface properties and patterning morphology of graphene by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy(AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. Comparison with the effect of residual polymer and metal on performance of graphene FET will be discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 2004

As Electronic Commerce(EC) has been emerged and has developed, many researchers have tried to establish EC framework for automated contract and negotiation using agent technologies. Traditional researches, however, often had limitations. They often enforced the user's participations during the automated contract process of agents. They also could only consider a few of the user's requirements for a specific goods and did not have supported the procedures and methodologies for making the best contract. In this paper, we propose business model on EC based on multiagents to overcome the defects of the previous researches. We apply CSP techniques to brokerage process to satisfy various preferential requirements from the user. We also propose efficient negotiation mechanism using negotiation model of game theory. The contract candidates automatically negotiate and mediate in terms of their benefits through the proposed negotiation mechanism. For the optimal brokerage and automated negotiation, the agents process activities for contract on three layers, which are called competition layer, constraint satisfaction layer and negotiation layer in the proposed model. We also design the message driven communication protocol to support the automated contract among the agents. Finally, we have implemented prototype systems applying the proposed model and have shown the various experimental results for efficiency of the proposed model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.264-264
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• 2010

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown on a Si wafer by using thermal chemical vapor deposition (t-CVD). We investigated the effect of the catalyst deposition rate on the types of CNTs grown on the substrate. In general, smaller islands of catalyst occur by agglomeration of a catalyst layer upon annealing as the catalyst layer becomes thinner, which results in the growth of CNTs with smaller diameters. For the same thickness of catalyst, a slower deposition rate will cause a more uniformly thin catalyst layer, which will be agglomerated during annealing, producing smaller catalyst islands. Thus, we can expect that the smaller-diameter CNTs will grow on the catalyst deposited with a lower rate even for the same thickness of catalyst. The 0.5-nm-thick Fe served as a catalyst, underneath which Al was coated as a catalyst support as well as a diffusion barrier on the Si substrate. The catalyst layers were. coated by using thermal evaporation. The deposition rates of the Al and Fe layers varied to be 90, 180 sec/nm and 70, 140 sec/nm, respectively. We prepared the four different combinations of the deposition rates of the AI and Fe layers. CNTs were synthesized for 10 min by flowing 60 sccm of Ar and 60 sccm of $H_2$ as a carrier gas and 20 sccm of $C_2H_2$ as a feedstock at 95 torr and $810^{\circ}C$. The substrates were subject to annealing for 20 sec for every case to form small catalyst islands prior to CNT growth. As-grown CNTs were characterized by using field emission scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis NIR spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The fast deposition of both the Al and Fe layers gave rise to the growth of thin multiwalled CNTs with the height of ${\sim}680\;{\mu}m$ for 10 min while the slow deposition caused the growth of ${\sim}800\;{\mu}m$ high SWCNTs. Several radial breathing mode (RBM) peaks in the Raman spectra were observed at the Raman shifts of $113.3{\sim}281.3\;cm^{-1}$, implying the presence of SWCNTs (or double-walled CNTs) with the tube diameters 2.07~0.83 nm. The Raman spectra of the as-grown SWCNTs showed very low G/D peak intensity ratios, indicating their low defect concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.7-14
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• 2010

In this paper, we introduce a hierarchical internet application traffic classification system based on SVM as an alternative overcoming the uppermost limit of the conventional methodology which is using the port number or payload information. After selecting an optimal attribute subset of the bidirectional traffic flow data collected from the campus, the proposed system classifies the internet application traffic hierarchically. The system is composed of three layers: the first layer quickly determines P2P traffic and non-P2P traffic using a SVM, the second layer classifies P2P traffics into file-sharing, messenger, and TV, based on three SVDDs. The third layer makes specific classification of the entire 16 application traffics. By classifying the internet application traffic finely or coarsely, the proposed system can guarantee an efficient system resource management, a stable network environment, a seamless bandwidth, and an appropriate QoS. Also, even a new application traffic is added, it is possible to have a system incremental updating and scalability by training only a new SVDD without retraining the whole system. We validate the performance of our approach with computer experiments.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.520-529
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose the extension of the MPEG-2 Transport Stream (TS) header for efficient adaptation of multi-layer coded video such as scalable video coding (SVC) and multiview video coding (MVC) in the HTTP streaming. First of all, the limit of the existing TS in terms of flexible adaptation of multi-layer video is investigated, and the signaling by extending TS header is proposed to provide efficient adaptation in a TS level. The proposed extension utilizes the private data field in the adaptation field of TS header to signal scalability and/or view information, which enable us to support diverse adaptation that suits underlying constraints of client capabilities, network conditions and user preferences. In short, the extension enables adaptation of scalable video with full scalability as well as view selection of multiview video in a TS level while keeping backward compatibility with the existing TS syntax/semantics. The performance of the proposed extension is compared with the existing adaptation using PID (packet ID) in terms of efficiency and complexity of adaptation. Furthermore, the increase of TS overhead caused by proposed extension is analyzed and an extension scheme to minimized the overhead is proposed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.145-152
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• 2009

Domestic Kori-1 MCR was partially modified in 2007 and will be renovated entirely in 2013. Digital devices partially replacing original analog devices have been introduced and standard alone computer systems such as SPDS have been integrated into the plant computer. Upgrading KSNP's MCR based on the ditalization is planned for 2015. However, the site engineers and operators are reluctant to the advanced systems. Therefore, a prototype for the KSNP's advanced MCR has been developed to increase the acceptance level of the operators and field engineers and also, to evaluate user interfaces and I&C architecture. For enhancing support of the operators' work, a P&ID based display system composed of multi-layers, which are linked through a context sensitive menu each other, has been adopted. The $1^{st}$ layer displays a simplified P&ID, the $2^{nd}$ layer control related diagrams such as controllers and logic diagrams, the $3^{rd}$ layer trends, etc. The end point view of MCR for KSNP is also suggested considering reliability and operability of the digital systems. Additionally, modernization strategies over the overhaul periods, that do not have much impact on operation and configuration efforts are suggested.

• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2018

Catalytic filter has many advantages for the industrial application owing to its bi-functional ability to treat nitrogen oxides and particulate simultaneously. The technical feasibility of using the catalytic filter in the flue gas treatment process will be more promoted if the high porous ceramic sheet filter is utilized. However, it is not easy to prepare the effective catalytic filter using sheet filter as it has less room for catalyst support due to its thin layer. In this study, catalytic filter using a domestic ceramic sheet filter element has been prepared and conducted the experimental evaluation for NO reduction performance. The current sheet filter element shows the low catalytic activity less than 92% conversion for NO concentration 700 ppm at the face velocity $0.02m\;s^{-1}$. This unexpected low catalytic activity seems to be caused by the present of extraordinary large pores from the lack of uniformity in the pore size distribution of the sheet filter. The large pore size of the sheet filter is reduced by composing the smaller powder as its raw material, which presents improvement in NO conversion more than 96%. More improvement is observed showing 98% NO conversion which is applicable to a commercial plant when the catalyst coating layer is expanded by adding the large $TiO_2$ particles during the catalyst preparation. Both of above two methods is regarded as that the broad gates of the larger pores in the coating layer are effectively filled with the proper catalyst. So these results encourage the utilization of sheet filter as a good catalytic filter material with its potential merit of high permeability.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.469-476
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• 1998

In the case of acquisition and displaying medical Images such as ultrasonography and endoscopy on VGA monitor of PC system, image degradation of tear-drop appears through scan conversion. In this study, we compare several methods which can solve this degradation and implement the hardware system that resolves this problem in real-time with PC. It is possible to represent high quality image display and real-time processing and acquisition with specific de-interlacing device and PCI bridge on our hardware system. Image quality is improved remarkably on our hardware system. It is implemented as PC-based system, so acquiring, saving images and describing text comment on those images and PACS networking can be easily implemented.metabolism. All images were spatially normalized to MNI standard PET template and smoothed with 16mm FWHM Gaussian kernel using SPM96. Mean count in cerebral region was normalized. The VOls for 34 cerebral regions were previously defined on the standard template and 17 different counts of mirrored regions to hemispheric midline were extracted from spatially normalized images. A three-layer feed-forward error back-propagation neural network classifier with 7 input nodes and 3 output nodes was used. The network was trained to interpret metabolic patterns and produce identical diagnoses with those of expert viewers. The performance of the neural network was optimized by testing with 5~40 nodes in hidden layer. Randomly selected 40 images from each group were used to train the network and the remainders were used to test the learned network. The optimized neural network gave a maximum agreement rate of 80.3% with expert viewers. It used 20 hidden nodes and was trained for 1508 epochs. Also, neural network gave agreement rates of 75~80% with 10 or 30 nodes in hidden layer. We conclude that artificial neural network performed as well as human experts and could be potentially useful as clinical decision support tool for the localization of epileptogenic zones.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.342-356
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• 2014

This study aims to provide the fundamental data for restoration through the analysis of vegetation structure characteristic for managed area with deforest and fumigation among the places damaged by oak wilt disease in Bukhansan National Park. Study areas were selected in six damaged areas with 18 plots ($20m{\times}20m$) including comparing plots between year 2006 and year 2011 after preliminary study finding the exact location with easy access. Analysis items are density and coverage of under story layer, Importance Percentage of under story layer and Importance Percentage of urban adapted species and alien species. As a result, density and coverage under the canopy layer's vegetation was higher than comparing plot in Musugol valley and Soquicheon valley which 4 years and more passed. And Wondobong, Darakwon, Doseonsa and Dobong valley which had not been passed 3 years after deforestation and fumigation decreased in those of vegetation. However, the plots in Wondobong and Doseonsa was analyzed to be higher in density of shrubs than comparing plot. In terms of distirbution of species in under canopy layer which is grown as a upper vegetation, Quercus serrata and Sorbus alnifolia dominated each other in under canopy layer except for Wondobong and Darakwon. Wondobong continuously maintained Quercus mongolica and Q. mongolica and Pinus densiflora dominated in under canopy layer of Darakwon. S. alnifolia which is Urban adapted species were distributed in most study areas. In terms of alien species, Magnolia obovata and Robinia pseudoacacia were newly intruded in the opened crown, and Pueraria thunbergiana was distributed in Soquicheon valley. As the result of soil analysis, acidification(pH 4.49) and low level of organic matter(3.23%), available phosphate(1.40mg/kg) and exchangeable cation were analyzed and it was considered that those environment poorly support the vegetation growth.