• 전기학회논문지
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new effective installed reserve rate in order to evaluate reliability of power system considering renewable generators, which include uncertainty of resource supply. It is called EIRR(effective installed reserve rate) in this paper. It is developed with considering capacity credit based on ELCC by using LOLE reliability criterion. While the conventional installed reserve rate index yields over-evaluation reliability of renewable generators, the proposed EIRR describes actual effective installed reserve rate. However, it is not the probabilistic reliability index as like as LOLE or EENS but another deterministic effective reliability index. The proposed EIRR is able to evaluate the realistic contribution to the reliability level for power system considering wind turbine generators and solar cell generators with high uncertainty in resource supply. The case study in model system as like as Jeju power system size presents a possibility that the proposed EIRR can be used practically as a new deterministic reliability index for generation expansion planning or operational planning in future.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2005

Changes in visuospatial cognitive performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate due to the highly concentrated oxygen administration were observed in this study. Six male ($25.8 \pm$1.0) and six female (($23.8 \pm$ 1.9) adults were asked to perform 20 visuospatial tasks with the same level of difficulties by supplying two different oxygen levels (21%, 30%). Experiment consisted of Rest1 (1 min.), Control (1 min.), Task (4 min.), and Rest2 (4 min.) and physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured through each stage. The result showed the accuracy of task performance increased significantly at 30% oxygen concentration compared with 21%, which means oxygen supply has positive effects on visuospatial cognitive performance. When 30% oxygen was supplied, blood oxygen saturation during control and task phases was increased and heart rate was decreased compared with 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activities by directly increasing the actual level of blood oxygen concentration during cognitive performance, and enough oxygen supply during cognitive performance make heart rate decrease.

• 산업공학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.178-183
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• 2005

In this study, changes in memory performance, blood oxygen saturation and heart rate according to 30% concentration oxygen supply were observed. Ten healthy male and female college students (male:$25.8{\pm}0.8$ years, female: $24.2{\pm}1.9$ years) participated in the study. The experiment was performed as Rest (1min.), Control task (1min.), Word presentation (1min.), Reaction time task (1min.), Distractor (2min.), and Word recall (1min.) and the physiological signals such as blood oxygen saturation and heart rate were measured throughout the stages. Subjects who received 30% oxygen recalled more words than those who received 21% oxygen, which shows 30% oxygen supply has influenced positively on memory cognitive performance. When 30% concentration oxygen is supplied, the blood oxygen saturation in the task phases was increased and the heart rate decreased when comparing to 21%. It means that 30% oxygen can stimulate brain activation by increasing actual blood oxygen concentration in the process of cognitive performance, and the heart rate decreases because enough oxygen is supplied to process the cognitive performance.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.334-341
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• 2011

In the present study, optimal heat supply algorithm which minimize the heat loss through the distribution pipe line in group energy apartment was developed. Variation of heating load of group energy apartment building in accord with the outdoor air temperature was predicted by the heating load-outdoor temperature correlation. Supply water temperature and mass flow rate were controlled to minimize the heat loss through distribution pipe line. District heating apartment building located in Hwaseong city, which has 1,473 households, was selected as the object building for testing the present heat supply a1gorithm. Compared to the previous heat supply system, 10.4% heat loss reduction can be accomplished by employing the present method.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.83-91
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• 2018

A datacenter is a high energy consuming facility whose cooling energy consumption rate is 10~20 times larger than general office buildings. The higher the temperature of supply air from a CRAC (computer room air-conditioner) is supplied, the more energy efficient cooling is possible because of improving the COP of a chiller and advanced range of outdoor air temperature available for the economizer cycles. However, because the temperature of cold air flowing into server computers varies depending on air mixing configurations in a computer room, the proper supply air temperature must be considered based on the investigation of air mixing and heat dissipation. By these, this study aims to understand the effects of variation of the supply air temperature on the air flow distributions, temperature distributions and rack cooling efficiencies. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) aided in conducting the investigation. As a result, the variation of the supply air temperature does not affect the air flow distributions. However, it mainly affects the temperature distribution. From the results of CFD simulations, Rack cooling indices (RCIHI and RCILO) were evaluated and showed the ideal state set at $19^{\circ}C$ of the supply air temperature.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.666-674
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• 2016

In this paper, a high efficiency satellite electrical power supply system is proposed. The increased efficiency of the power supply system allows for downscaling of the solar array and battery weight, which are among the most important satellite design considerations. The satellite power supply system comprises two units, namely a generation unit and a storage unit. To increase the efficiency of the solar array, a maximum power point tracker (MPPT) is used in the power generation unit. In order to improve the MPPT performance, a novel algorithm is proposed on the basis of the hill climbing method. This method can track the main peak of the array power curve in satellites with long duration missions under unpredicted circumstances such as a part of the array being damaged or the presence of a shadow. A lithium-ion battery is utilized in the storage unit. An algorithm for calculating the optimal rate of battery charging is proposed where the battery is charged with the maximum possible efficiency considering the situation of the satellite. The proposed system is designed and manufactured. In addition, it is compared to the conventional power supply systems in similar satellites. Results show a 12% increase in the overall efficiency of the power supply system when compared to the conventional method.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.241-249
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• 2020

The role of money in the modern economy highly determines the intensity and the development of the macroeconomy. The money supply is assumed to be as much as money demand, which reflects the economic character of a country and indicates the growth and development of macroeconomy. In Indonesia, the money supply (M1) is related to the economic dynamics in either the monetary market or the goods market. This research aims at analyzing factors that influence the money supply and to what extent the economic factors affect the money supply in Indonesia. The analysis method used in this research was Vector Autoregressive (VAR) with some variables, such as money supply (M1), interest rate, and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) from the 1st quarter of 2001 until the 1st quarter of 2013. The data collection method was in the form of data compilation from credible sources, such as Bank of Indonesia (BI), Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), and International Financial Statistics (IFS). To obtain adequate analysis results, several tests were taken, such as unit-root test, Granger causality test, and optimal lag. VAR analysis formulates the correlation among independent variables, so it also sees the study of impulse response and matrix decomposition.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.157-168
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• 1993

Pipe network of hot water heat supply system in an apartment house was analyzed. Flowrate and supply heat capacity of each household in which constant flowrate balancing valve is installed in a single zone system were calculated and the results were investigated. In the existing piping system, the non-uniformity of heat supply with floors due to the static pressure and temperature difference between supply main and return main can not be avoided and this tendency get intense with the increase of the height of building. The non-uniformity of heat supply can be prevented by the installation of balancing valve at each household, however if the performance of supply pump is not sufficient to overcome the energy loss due to the installation of balancing valve for constant flow rate or if the selection of the valve capacity is not adequate, the valves will may lose their controllability.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

Purpose: Focusing on the role of the special contract to collaborate the supply chain operations, this study investigates how the revenue sharing contract affects the performance of Vendor Managed Inventory (VMI). Research design, data, and methodology: The optimization model is formulated to represent two stage supply chain system where the supplier and retailer manage the operations to maximize their own profits. Three supply chain models including the traditional system, VMI, and VMI with revenue sharing contract are compared in the numerical examples. Results: According to the numerical analysis, the entire supply chain system has greater profit under VMI than the traditional system, while VMI alone sacrifices the supplier's profit. With the proper sets of revenue share ratio and wholesale price discount rate, VMI with revenue sharing contract results in the increased profit for both supplier and retailer compared with VMI alone as well as the traditional system. Conclusions: The numerical examples imply that VMI, when it is combined with the revenue sharing contract, can be the effective collaboration program that satisfies every supply chain member. To make VMI with revenue sharing contract to be fair to all supply chain members, they need to agree on the appropriate contract content.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2020

전월세 전환율이 시장이자율 또는 임대인의 기대수익률이라면 전국의 전월세 전환율은 동일하여야 한다. 그러나 전월세 전환율은 항상 시장이자율보다 높은 수준을 유지하고 있다. 본 연구는 임대주택의 공급원가 구성요소를 현재의 주택가격, 시장이자율, 감가상각비, 보유세, 그리고 임대차에 따른 위험이 존재할 경우 위험프리미엄으로 파악하고 현재의 주택가격과 각 요소와의 관계를 파악함으로써 주택임차료를 현재 가격으로 표현하였다. 이를 통해 주택가격의 변동 폭을 암묵적으로 가정하거나 전월세 전환율에 현재의 주택가격이 반영되지 못한 단점을 극복하였다. 본 연구는 임대주택의 공급 원가를 구성 요소 간의 조합으로 표현함으로써 전월세 전환율이 시장이자율이 아니라 임대인의 필수수익률 또는 요구수익률임을 밝혔다. 이는 전월세 전환율이 항상 시장이자율보다 높은 현상도 설명할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 전월세 전환율의 지역별 차이 및 주택 유형별 차이가 발생하는 원인도 설명할 수 있다.