• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.4
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• pp.546-552
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• 2010

The aim of the study was to assess the cosmeceutical activity of Pyrus ussuriensis leaves and it is possible that can be used as a cosmetic ingredient for application of cosmetic industries. P. ussurensis leaf was extracted with various solvents including water, 70% ethanol and 60% acetone. In the result of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) scavenging radical activity, water, ethanol and acetone extract of P. ussuriensis leaf were higher than 70%, 80% and 85% at 50 ppm concentration, respectively. Xanthine oxidase inhibition activity and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity by P. ussuriensis extract were higher than 30%. In addition, SODlike activity of all extracts showed tendency of the significant increase with the increase of concentration. In the anti-inflammatory test, P. ussuriensis leaf extract inhibited generation of nitric oxide (NO) stimulated by LPS in the macrophage cell line (raw 264.7) after 12 to 24 hours. As above results, P. ussuriensis has a great potential as a cosmeceutical raw material as well as anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory ability.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.383-389
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• 2015

This study was to examine the antioxidative activity of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis (FRN) in obese rats. Oxidative stress due to reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause oxidative damage to cells. Mitochondria are especially important in the oxidative stress as ROS have been found to be constantly generated as an endogen threat. Mitochondrial defense depends mainly on superoxide dismutase whereas microsomal defense depends on catalase, which is an enzyme abundant in microsomes. Seven weeks-aged female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed high fat diets for 44 days. Also fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis was administered orally for 44 days at 7.5 ml/kg of body weight of rats. The antioxidative activities of fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis were measured by the superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde levels in liver homogenate. The levels of malondialdehyde in FRN-treated groups were lower than those in obese groups. Superoxide dismutase and catalase levels were significantly increased. These results demonstrated that fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis had the inhibitive effects of oxidative stress in obese rats, suggesting that fermented Rhynchosia nulubilis would be used as an ingredient of the useful functional products.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the antioxidative activity of feral haw (Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE) seed extracts using 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, chloroform:methanol (CM, 2:1, v/v), n-butanol and ethyl acetate (EA). The total phenol content of the five extracts ranged from 37.29 mg/g to 55.53 mg/g. Moreover, the content was high in the 70% methanol and, 70% ethanol extracts, but low in the n-butanol extract. On the contrary, the total flavonoid content decreased in the order of n-butanol (2.93 mg/g), EA (2.67 mg/g), 70% methanol (1.00 mg/g), 70% ethanol (0.88 mg/g) and CM (0.67 mg/g) extracts. The $NO_2$ radical scavenging activity, antioxidant activity by ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching assay and, superoxide dismutase (SOD) like ability decreased in the order of 70% methanol, 70% ethanol, CM, EA and, n-butanol extracts; further, a similar tendency was also observed in the total phenol contents. Overall, these results indicated that the antioxidative activity of feral haw seeds was closely related to the total phenol and flavonoid contents. Therefore, haw seeds might be usefully applied to natural antioxidants as well as functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.383-388
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• 1997

This study was designed to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of $CdCl_2$ on the enzyme activities such as LDH and SOD related with the accumulations of cadmium(Cd) in liver and kidney of BALB/c mice. 1. Cd accumulations in liver and kidey were increased in a dose dependent fashion. And also, this pattern was more conspicuous in kidney than that in liver. 2. LDH activities of liver and kidney were increased in a dose dependent fashion except for that of liver in 200 ppm Cd group which was similar to that of 25 ppm Cd group. 3. SOD activities of Cd exposed liver and kidney in Cd-fed mice similar to those of controls except for elevation of SOD activity of liver in 25 ppm Cd group. The results of this study suggest that the activities of various enzymes can be modulated by Cd intoxication. Acknowledgement: This study was financially supported in part by a Research Grant from Bio-Safty Research Institute, Chonbuk National University in 1997(CNU-BSRI, No. 97-03).

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.91-96
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• 1998

Pine(Pinus densiflora Sieb et Zucc.) is one of rhe popular plant drugs which has been used as a medicine in Asia. To investigate the effect of pine needle extract (PNE) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of Sprague- Dawley (SD), make SD rats were fed basic diets(control group), and experimental diets (PNE group) with 0.5 and 1.0% of PNE 6 weeks. Mitochondrial hydroxyl radical levels in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly inhibited to 30% and 25%, respectively, and microsomal hydrogen peroxide levels in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly inhibited to 15% compared with control group. Cytosolic superoxide rdical levels in 1.0%-PNE group were significantly inhibited to 20% compared with control group. Lipid peroxide(LPO) levels in brain mitochondria of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly lower(25% and 35%) than that in control group. Mn-superoxide disumtase (SOD) activities in brain of 0.5%-PNE and 1.0%-PNE groups were significantly higher(18% and 12%) than those in control groups, but Cu,Zn-SOD activities in brain of 0.5%-PNE were significantly activated to 15% compared with control group. Glutathione peroxidase(GSHPx) activities in brain of 1.5%-PNE and 1.0% PNE groups were significantly higher(14% and 12%) than those in control group. These results suggest that more beneficial effects such as inhibition of oxygen radicals and lipid peroxide(LPO). and oncreases of scavenger enzymes in brain membranes of SD rats may be effectively modulated by administration of pine needle extract (PNE)

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1993.09a
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• pp.30-32
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• 1993

In biological system, there are enzymes such as superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione(GSH) peroxidase which scavenge reactive oxygen species as well as antioxidants such as ceruloplasmin, albumin and nonprotein-bound SH including GSH related to defense mechanism. In the present study, the protective effects of ginsenoside $Rb_2$ against oxidative stress were investigated in the SAM-R/1 mice. Treatment with ginsenoside $Rb_2$ significantly increased Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in the liver. Ginsenoside $Rb_2$ tended to increase hepatic catalase activity and significantly increased serum albumin and nonprotein-bound SH levels in the liver. But treatment with ginsenoside $Rb_2$ showed a significant decrease in hepatic malondialdehyde(MDA) levels compared to control group. Furthermore, we compared the effects in the hepatic SOD, MDA and serum albumin. These findings suggest that the increase of antioxidants by ginsenoside $Rb_2$ results in the protective effects against reactive oxygen species.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.895-901
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• 2013

Resistance to induction of apoptosis is a major obstacle for bladder cancer treatment. Bcl-2 is thought to be involved in anti-apoptotic signaling. In this study, we investigated the effect of Bcl-2 overexpression on apoptotic resistance and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in bladder cancer cells. A stable Bcl-2 overexpression cell line, BIU87-Bcl-2, was constructed from human bladder cancer cell line BIU87 by transfecting recombinant Bcl-2 [pcDNA3.1(+)-Bcl-2]. The sensitivity of transfected cells to adriamycin (ADR) was assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and acridine orange fluorescence staining. Intracellular ROS was determined using flow cytometry, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were also investigated by the xanthinoxidase and visible radiation methods using SOD and CAT detection kits. The susceptibility of BIU87-Bcl-2 cells to ADR treatment was significantly decreased as compared with control BIU87 cells. Enhanced expression of Bcl-2 inhibited intracellular ROS generation following ADR treatment. Moreover, the suppression of SOD and CAT activity induced by ADR treatment was blocked in the BIU87-Bcl-2 case but not in their parental cells. The overexpression of Bcl-2 renders human bladder cancer cells resistant to ADR-induced apoptosis and ROS might act as an important secondary messenger in this process.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.399-404
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• 2012

We investigated inhibitory effects of extract containing quercetin-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucuronopyranoside (ECQ) extracted from Rumex Aquaticus Herba on indomethacin-induced gastric damage in Rats. Gastritis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (200~220 g) by oral administration of indomethacin at a dose of 40 mg/kg. One hour before administration of indomethacin, animals were orally pretreated with ECQ at doses of 0.3, 1, 3 or 10 mg/kg. Six hours after indomethacin administration, the rats were sacrificed and the stomach was excised and opened along the greater curvature, and the surface area of gastric lesion was measured using optical microscope. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured by ELISA. Western blot analysis was performed to detect protein expression of SOD-2. Linear hemorrhagic mucosal lesions were observed in the stomach 6 hours after oral administration of indomethacin. Pretreatment with ECQ significantly reduced the severity of the lesions in a dose-dependent manner. It also inhibited the reductions in SOD and CAT activities and SOD expression by the indomethacin-induced gastric damage. In addition, the pretreatment with ECQ significantly suppressed the elevation of the MPO activity and the MDA levels induced by indomethacin. These results suggest that ECQ has the inhibitory effects via antioxidative action against indomethacin-induced gastritis in rats.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.24-30
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to elucidate and study about plant defense mechanism subjected to water stress(drought, flooding). We measured water content, total soluble protein content as stress marker and superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT) as antioxidant enzymes subjected to water stress(drought, flooding) and recovery in soybean leaves. The results obtained were as follows; Two soybean lines(keonolkong, euhakong)leaves exposed to water stress (drought, flooding) showed premature senescence as evidence by the decrease in water content, and total soluble protein content, but those of soybean leaves subject to water stress recovery for 3 days were recovered. Visual damage was much worse at drought stress than flooding stress and was worse keunolkong than enhakong. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase subjected to water stress(drought, flooding)was on the decrease, but degree of decrease was different from a sort of soybean lines, drought and flooding stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.577-583
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• 2000

This study was designed to investigate the effect of silk fibroin (Mw 500)power (SFP) on oxygen radicals and their scavenger enzymes in liver membranes of rats. Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats (160$\pm$10 g) were fed basic diet (control group), and experimental diets (SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups) added 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg BW/day for 6 weeks. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) levels resulted in a considerable decreases (5.8% and 8.4%, 3.7% and 11.1%, respectively) in liver motochondria and micorsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group, and $O_2$radical level was remarkably decreased about 15% and 20% in liver cytosol of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Lipid peroxide (LPO) levels were significantly decreased (8.3% and 18.0%, 13.4% and 18.4%, respectively) in liver mitochondria and microsomes of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups compared with control group. Oxidized protein (OP) levels were remarkably decreased about 11.6% in liver mitochondria of SFP-5.0 group compared with control group. Mn-SOD activities were remarkably in creased (17.6% and 28.8%, respectively) in mitochondria of SFP-2.5 and SFP-5.0 groups, and Cu/Zn-SOD activities were also effectively in creased (about 14.4%) in liver cytosol of SFP-5.0 groups, but significant difference between GSHPx activity in liver cytosol of these two groups could be not obtained. These results suggest that anti-aging effect of silk fibroin may play an effective anti-aging role in a aattenuating a oxidative stress and increasing a scavenger enzyme activity in liver membranes.