• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.197-212
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• 2013

With more and more high-rise building being constructed in recent decades, bluff body flow with high Reynolds number and large scale dimensions has become an important topic in theoretical researches and engineering applications. In view of mechanics, the key problems in such flow are high Reynolds number turbulence and fluid-solid interaction. Aiming at such problems, a parallel fluid-structure interaction method based on socket parallel architecture was established and combined with the methods and models of large eddy simulation developed by authors recently. The new method is validated by the full two-way FSI simulations of 1:375 CAARC building model with Re = 70000 and a full scale Taipei101 high-rise building with Re = 1e8, The results obtained show that the proposed method and models is potential to perform high-Reynolds number LES and high-efficiency two-way coupling between detailed fluid dynamics computing and solid structure dynamics computing so that the detailed wind induced responses for high-rise buildings can be resolved practically.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.167-171
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• 2014

TORANOMON HILLS is the main building of a large-scale re-development project located in the center of Tokyo. This high-rise building has a height of 247 m and 52 floors above ground, 5 floors below ground, and $62m{\times}80m$ in plan. It is used as hotel, residential facilities, offices, shops and conference facilities. The super structure is mainly a rigid steel frame with response-control devices, using concrete-filled steel tube columns. The underground section is a mixed structure composed of steel, steel-reinforced concrete and reinforced concrete framings. The piled-raft foundation type is used. The remarkable feature of this high-rise building is that the motorway runs through the basements of the building, which makes it stand just above the motorway. This condition is an important factor of the building design. The plan shape is designed to fit along the curve of the motorway. Special columns at the corners are required to avoid placing columns in the motorway. This special column is a single inclined column in the lower floors that branches into two columns in the mid-floors to suit the column location in the upper floors. The cast steel joint is used for the branching point of each special column to securely transfer the stress.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.571-586
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• 2014

This paper presents experimental and numerical study on seismic performance of a super tall steel tower structure. The steel tower, with a height of 388 meters, employs a steel space truss with spiral steel columns to serve as its main lateral load resisting system. Moreover, this space truss was surrounded by the spiral steel columns to form a steel mega system in order to support a 12-story platform building which is located from the height of 230 meters to 263 meters. A 1/40 scaled model for this tower structure was made and tested on shake table under a series of one- and two-dimensional earthquake excitations with gradually increasing acceleration amplitudes. The test model performed elastically up to the seismic excitations representing the earthquakes with a return period of 475 years, and the test model also survived with limited damages under the seismic excitations representing the earthquakes with a return period 2475 years. A finite element model for the prototype structure was further developed and verified. It was noted that the model predictions on dynamic properties and displacement responses agreed reasonably well with test results. The maximum inter-story drift of the tower structure was obtained, and the stress in the steel members was investigated. Results indicated that larger displacement responses were observed for the section from the height of 50 meters to 100 meters in the tower structure. For structural design, applicable measures should be adopted to increase the stiffness and ductility for this section in order to avoid excessive deformations, and to improve the serviceability of the prototype structure.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.517-525
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• 2018

The construction of super tall building which structure is RC and must be certainly considered on column shortening estimation and construction reflected concrete creep has been increased. Regarding the Fck 60~80MPa grade high strength concrete applied in the domestic super tall building project, the mechanical properties and creep deflection according to curing conditions(Drying creep/Basic creep) were reviewed in this research. Results of compressive strength and elastic modulus under sealed curing condition were 5% higher than unsealed condition and difference of results according to the curing condition was increased over time. Autogenous and drying shrinkage tendency showed adversely in the case of high strength concrete. Additionally, creep modulus under unseal curing condition was evaluated 2~3 times higher than sealed condition. Modified model of ACI-209 based on test result was applied to estimate long period shortening of vertical members(such as Core Wall/Mega Column) exactly, it is designed to modify and suggest the optimal creep model based on various data accumulated during construction, in the future.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.109-115
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• 2010

Maximum pressure difference in central core type 80th super_tall buildings was estimated as 75 Pa during no outside wind due to the winter stack effect. Maximum pressure difference of 225 Pa can be obtained depending on the location of air injection fan during the stairway pressurization at fire. Bottom_only air injection system provided the best results in the sense of required air flow rates and pressure distributions. Top_only air supply system was estimated as the worst for this country. It revealed that the decrease of the temperature in the stairway due to the cold outside air injection reduced the required flow rates of the fan and significantly changed the distribution of pressure differences.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.271-281
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• 2012

Tianjin Goldin Finance 117 tower has an architectural height of 597 m, total of 117 stories, and the coronation of having the highest structural roof of all the buildings under construction in China. Structural height-width ratio is approximately 9.5, exceeding the existing regulation code significantly. In order to satisfy earthquake and wind-resisting requirements, a structure consisting of a perimeter frame composed of mega composite columns, mega braces and transfer trusses and reinforced concrete core containing composite steel plate wall is adopted. Complemented by some of the new requirements from the latest Chinese building seismic design codes, design of the super high-rise building in high-intensity seismic area exhibits a number of new features and solutions to professional requirements in response spectrum selection, overall stiffness control, material and component type selection, seismic performance based design, mega-column design, anti-collapse and stability analysis as well as elastic-plastic time-history analysis. Furthermore, under the prerequisite of economic viability and a series of technical requirements prescribed by the expert review panel for high-rise buildings exceeding code limits, the design manages to overcome various structural challenges and realizes the intentions of the architect and the client.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.283-300
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• 2020

The Lakhta Center is a Multifunction Complex Development (MFCD) consisting of 1) an 86 story office tower rising 462 m above the ground to provide high-end offices for Gazprom Neft and Gazprom Group affiliates 2) a Multi-Function Building (MFB) that includes, a scientific/educational center, a sport center, a children's technopark, a planetarium, a multi-transformable hall, an exhibition center, shops, restaurants, and other public facilities 3) a Stylobate 4) "The Arch, which forms the main entrance to the tower, restaurants, and cafes 5) underground parking and 6) a wide range of large public plazas. While each of the MFCD buildings is technically challenging in its own right, the focus of the paper is to present the development and integration of the structural and foundation systems of the bowed, tapered, and twisted shape of the tower into the fabric of the tallest Tower in Europe.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.263-270
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• 2016

In this paper, the stability requirements for diagrid and mega braced structures are examined. The role of the secondary bracing system for the stability of a diagrid structure is discussed. A simple procedure is proposed for the design of the secondary bracing system when it is required. As a case study, the design of the Hearst Tower diagrid and its secondary bracing system are presented.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.255-260
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• 2020

This research and technology development project is based on the concept and plan of Sumitomo Forestry Co., Ltd., and designed by Nikken Sekkei Ltd., and is aiming to realize 350 m supertall timber-framed buildings in urban areas by 2041, the 350 year anniversary of Sumitomo Forestry's founding(Fig. 1). By constructing office-based multi-use buildings which have 70 stories above ground with GFA of 455,000 ㎡, using a huge amount of timber of 185,000 ㎥, this project envisions to connect forests and cities, and to solve the problems in both of forests and cities. At the present stage, the main objective is to identify the issues related to wood, such as building structural systems, construction methods, materials used, and resource development, and to create a roadmap for future technologies to be researched and developed.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.119-133
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• 2019

This study is as skyscrapers are becoming increasingly taller, more constructors have decided the height alone cannot be a sufficient differentiator. As a result, atypical architecture is emerging as a new competitive factor. Also, it can be used for symbolizing the economic competitiveness of a country, city, or business through its form. Before the introduction of digital media, there was a discrepancy between the structure and form of a building and correcting this discrepancy required a separate structural medium. Since the late 1980s, however, digitally-based atypical form development began to be used experimentally, and, until the 2000s, it was used mostly for super-tall skyscrapers for offices or for industrial chimneys and communication towers. Since the 2000s, many global brand hotels and commercial and residential buildings have been built as super-tall skyscrapers, which shows the recent trend in architecture that is moving beyond the traditional limits. Complex atypical structure is formed and the formative characteristics of diagonal lines and curved surfaces, which are characteristics of atypical architecture, are created digitally. Therefore, it's goal is necessary to identify a new relationship between the structure and forms. According to the data of Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH), 100-story and taller buildings were classified into typical, diagonal, curved, and segment types in order to define formative shapes of super-tall skyscrapers and provide a ground of the design process related to the initial formation of the concept. The purpose of this study was to identify the correlation between different forms for building atypical architectural shapes that are complex and diverse. The study results are presented as follows: Firstly, complex function follows convergence form characteristics. Secondly, fold has inside of architecture with repeat. Thirdly, as curve style which has pure twist, helix twist, and spiral twist. The findings in this study can be used as basic data for classifying and predicting trends of the future super-tall skyscrapers.