• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2011

There are various kinds of Large-Scale apartment sites in Seoul. There are more households in apartment sites than single family houses. Nowadays, it is easy to find a lot of apartment sites built in the style of a high rise building. On the matter of space, a building is influenced by the buildings near it. The influence a building has to another is different in both qualitative and quantitative ways. Therefore, in the case of apartment sites, the environmental surroundings of each household is affected by the nearby buildings. For these reasons, the environment is having more and more influence on the price of each household in apartment sites. This paper has defined Sunshine and Sky as the major environmental elements. In order to be analyzed, they have to be measurable. Thus, there are two types of variables in environmental surrounding of apartment sites, -the Duration of Sunshine and the possible amount of visible Sky- the significant variables which influence the housing price. This paper deals with the relationship between the possible duration of sunshine and the possible amount of sky a household is visible to. It focused on 62 different apartment sites which were built after 1990. It is based on the 3-dimensional Geographic Information System & Computer Aided Engineering for analyzing the sunshine simulation and the viewing simulation. This paper will be helpful for designing the apartment sites considering the balance between sunshine and sky.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2006

Purpose: The present study purposed to examine induced characteristic or erythema and safety by medium wave ultra violet(UVB) lamp. Methods: We compared sunshine and UVB lamp using spectroradiometer and UV radiometer. For measuring sunshine irradiation, we used spectoradiometer and detected from 8 to 18 o'clock every each hour on the beach, playground and rooftop of a 5 story building. The subjects for erythema examination were 5 healthy subjects who have no pathologic history of photosensitivity reaction, psoriasis and vitiligo. They were exposed to UVB radiation at the abdominal area for 2 hours and after irradiation, we observed the change of skin color every 12 hours over a period of 1 week. Results: Between sunshine and UVB lamp, sunshine had higher data on the chromaticity coordinates, dominant and peak wavelength, bandwidth and purity than the UVB lamp but on the color temperature, brightness the UVB lamp had higher data than the sunshine. In comparison of sunshine and UVB lamp, UVB lamp irradiated constantly such as $3.9-4.4{\mu}W/cm^2$ at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp which was same as early morning irradiation on the sunshine. The erythema didn't appear to any subject. Conclusion: This results suggest that the UVB lamp has lower irradiance as much as early sunshine. Therefore the UVB lamp had no influence of inducing erythema at a distance of 100cm between bed and lamp.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.656-656
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• 2002

It is studied on the relationship between the occurrence of red tide(Chlorophyll-a concentration by the in-situ and satellite data) and the meteorological factors (precipitation, air temperature, sunshine and winds) in the coastal areas in the South Sea of Korea. In summer and early-fall which frequently occurred the red tide, the precipitation above 213mm had directly influence on the occurrence of red tide because it carried the nutritive substance which originated from the land into the coastal areas. Then air temperature kept up generally high values as 23~26$^{\circ}C$, and sunshine with 187~198hours and wind velocity with 3.1~7.9m/s showed not directly the relationship on the occurrence of red tide.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.13 no.4 s.34
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

This study suggests a method for securing road safety by extracting the expected surface freezing section in planning a route using GIS. When planning a road construction in a mountainous area it is possible to confront surface freezing especially in the wintertime. In addition, it is required assessment data of surface freezing rates in the case of turnkey inspections of newly constructed or expanded roads. Consequently, an analysis method that can quantitatively estimate the surface freezing section and sunshine influence on each section of a road is needed. We can extract the expected surface freezing section which amounted to around 29km of the Donghae highway, with such techniques as three-dimensional modeling, sunshine simulation geographical database construction and spatial analysis using the overlay function of the GIS spatial analysis. This study can be used as a method to assess advance safety which has a direct influence on planning the blueprint that should be approved by a policy maker after efficiently understanding the expected surface freezing section in accordance with hill shade.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-39
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• 1989

This study was conducted to determine the time and methods of predicting tobacco yield. by analysis of climatic factors in the period of tobacco season during 8 years from 1979 to 1986 at the Daegu district, south eastern part of Korean peninsular. The results obtained are summarised as follows: 1. Climatic factors of each month which have influence on tobacco yield were the amount of rainfall in May and sunshine hours in July. Among climatic factors at tobacco growth stages, the precipitation yield. But these meteorological factors had different effect on variety. 2. Between tobacco yields and climatic factors by even values of each month, tobacco yield was estimated by equations, flue cured tobacco :Y=190.6-5.230X1+ 0.474$\times$2 + 0.142X3(Xl : Minimum temperature of April, X2: Precipitation during May, X3:Sunshine duration on July), air cured tobacco : Y= 195.3-0.447Xl + 0.363$\times$2 + 0.l12$\times$3(Xl :Maximum temperature of May, X2:Precipitation during May. X3: Sunshine duration on July). While between tobacco yield and climatic factors at different growth stage, predicting equation of yield could be derived, flue cured tobacco : Y=205.8+0.510Xl +0.289$\times$2 + 0.305$\times$3 (Xl :Average temperature during the early growth stage, X2 :Precipitation during the early and maximum growth stage, X3 : Sunshine hours during the leaf and tips maturing stage), air cured tobacco Y=194.T-0.498Xl 10.615$\times$2+0.121$\times$3(Xl ;Maximum temperature during the transplanting time, X2 : Precipitation during the maximum growth stage, X3 : Sunshine hours during the leaf and tips maturing stage).

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2013

The solar radiation is the primary energy source that drives many of the earth's physical and biological processes and climate change. Understanding its importance to the solar radiation observation is a key to understanding a broad range of natural processes, agricultural, energy and human activities. The purpose of this study is to estimate solar radiation using sunshine duration, and to estimate distribution of solar radiation using a topography factor considering surface slope and aspect in complex terrain. The result of regression analysis between ratio of solar radiation and sunshine duration from 2001 to 2010 shows high $R^2$ value of 0.878. Regression analyses indicated that topographic attributes including elevation, slope and aspect had significant effects on solar radiation. The variation of topographic factor with aspect and slope for the summer and winter are considered. The highest month of daily mean solar radiation at Jeju island appears in April of 20.61 $MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$, and the lowest month appears in December of 6.90 $MJ{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}$. These results provided useful quantitative information about the influence of topography on solar radiation in the island region.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.843-848
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• 2002

It is studied on the relationship between the occurrence of red tide and the meteorological factors(precipitation, air temperature, sunshine and winds) in the middle coastal area in the South Sea of Korea. In summer and early-fall which frequently occurred the red tide, the precipitation had directly influence on the occurrence of red tide because it carried the nutritive substances which originated from the land into the coastal areas. Then air temperature kept up generally high values, and sunshine and winds showed not directly the relationship on the occurrence of red tide.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2005

In case of the roads that pass the mountain area, the cut sections or the tunnels are constructed. And In winter season it appears sunshine few in the specific segment, the shade is continued last and the freezing sections occur. So, the attention is necessary in traffic safety. This study was to evaluate the influence of sunshine and surface freezing sections expected in route plans of roads using GIS and makes alternative ideas in road stability security. After selecting 29 km sections of Donghae highway and creating a 3 dimensional terrain surface through the digital conversion of design plan data, it reflects the road alignment data of the same coordinates and a 3 dimensional road modeling is created. It set shadow time of road surface for the solar trace in the winter solstice in 20 minute interval. Shade areas are displayed and inputed in polygon data by manual vertorizing. Graphic and attribute data of this shade section is constructed in geodatabase of ArcCatalog. And it extracted the freezing section using intersect fuction of the GIS spatial analysis. By analyzing the winter meteorological data of temperature, rainfall, snowfall, humidity, and etc. and grasping dangerous freezing section of the road surface effectively, it will be able to make alternative ideas of the preliminary stability evaluation reflected in basic design.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.331-331
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• 2017

This study was conducted to know the influence of air temperature and sunshine duration on yield, chemical component, pigment color difference and starch characteristics of two colored rice cultivars in the plain area of Yeongnam province in Korea. The $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$ value of brown rice in Hongjinju and Josaengheugchal rice cultivars was significantly different at continuous cultivated years, 2015 and 2016. The $L^*$, $b^*$ value of two colored rice was significantly increased in 2016 compared to 2015. The $a^*$ value of Josengheugchal rice cultivar was also significantly higher at 2016 than at 2015. It can be noticed the $a^*$, $b^*$, $L^*$ values in Josaengheugchal varied more than those in Hongjinju. Air temperature during ripening period in 2016 was higher than 2015, especially minimum temperature was too high to proper maturation for rice quality. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, sunshine duration after heading was longer in 2016 than in 2015. On the contrary, Hongjinju rice cultivar was ripened under condition of insufficient sunshine duration in 2016. The short growing duration by high temperature and long shiny duration made the lack of pigment for Josaengheugchal brown rice. In Hongjinju rice cultivar, shorten sunshine duration and higher night temperature were the source of the pigment deficiency. The grain size of rice which produced in 2016 was bigger than that of 2015 in both rice cultivars. The 1,000 grain weight of rice from 2016 was also bigger than that of 2015. Head rice ratio was high in the rice cultivars produced in 2015. Protein of milled rice in 2016 was more decreased than that of 2015 in Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, it showed reverse result in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Amylose contents of milled rice in 2016 were more decreased than that of 2015 in Hongjinju rice cultivar. Branch chain length distribution of amylopectin was shown a distinct difference between Josaengheugchal and Hongjinju rice flours by each produced year. Josaengheugchal rice cultivar produced in 2015 had a higher amount of short chains than that of 2016 rice starches. In Josaengheugchal rice cultivar, the pasting temperature and peak, trough, breakdown, final viscosity increased in rice flour which produced at 2016, whereas the setback viscosity and peak time showed lower value than those of rice from 2015. The most pasting properties (except of setback viscosity) of rice starch in Hongjinju rice cultivar grown in 2015 were higher than those of rice cultivar produced in 2016.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.210-210
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• 2017

Sorghum is rich source of various phytochemicals including phenolic acids that have potential to significantly impact human health. Phytochemical production may be induced by not only genotype but a number of environmental factors including temperatures and amount of sunshine. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of planting date and harvesting stage on the agronomic and quality traits of 'Donganme' grain sorghum variety developed to produce high antioxidant activity. 'Donganme' were planted in three locations at four dates from early May to early July. Each planted fractions were harvested five times 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 days after head shooting date, respectively. Significant difference existed between the growth period and the agronomic traits. The interaction effects planting date and harvesting date was significant for plant height, tiller production, grain yield and antioxidant activity, indicating that low temperature and integrated sunshine influence on that traits. The result showed that antioxidant activity production occurred when the sorghum crop was grown in late season although the yield is lower. To produce antioxidant activity from sorghum grain need to consider the relation between the yield and nutrition component simultaneously.