• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2012

The source of human infection with intestinal flukes was surveyed in estuarine fishes, including the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, redlip mullet, black sea bream, and oyster collected from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea during August and September 2007. Collected fishes and oysters were artificially digested in pepsin-HCl solution and examined under a stereomicroscope. In 36 shads (Konosirus punctatus) and 20 basses (Lateolabrax japonicus) examined, Heterophyopsis continua metacercariae were found in 58.3% and 100%, and their average numbers were 12.0 and 6.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 34 gobies (Acanthogobius flavimanus) examined, metacercariae of H. continua were detected in 79.4%, Stictodora lari in 97.1%, and Acanthotrema felis in 92.1%, and their average numbers were 45.8, 189.3, and 235.3 per infected fish, respectively. In 37 redlip mullets (Chelon haematocheilus), Heterophyes nocens metacercariae were found in 56.8%, Pygidiopsis summa in 94.6%, and Stictodora fuscata in 45.9%, and the average metacercarial densities were 17.4, 31.3, and 35.1 per infected fish, respectively. In 30 black sea breams (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) and 45 oysters (Crassostrea gigas) examined, no metacercariae were detected. From the above results, it has been confirmed that the dotted gizzard shad, common sea bass, common blackish goby, and redlip mullet from Muan-gun, Jeollanam-do, Korea are infected with the metacercariae of heterophyid flukes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.157-162
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• 1994

A highly endemic focus of human infection with Heterophves nocens (Heterophyidae) was discovered from a small coastal village of Shinan-gun, Chollanam-do, for the first time in Korea. Fecal examinations by cellophane thick smear and formalin- ether sedimentation techniques revealed 42.9% heterophyid egg Positive rate out of 98 inhabitants examined. It was difficult to confirm the species of heterophylds only by eggs. In order to collect the adult flukes, the egg Positive cases were treated with 10 mg/kg single dose of praziquantel and purged with magnesium sulfate, and the adult worms were collected from the diarrheic stools. From each of 18 cooperative patients 1 to 1,124 (total 4,730) H. nocens worms were recovered, together with a few to large numbers of heterophyids (Pvginiopsis summa, Stictonora juscatunl and for gymnophallids (Gvmopholloides stool) . It is speculated that H. nocen might be widely distributed along the southwestern coastal areas where the brackish water fish such as the mullets or gobies are popularly eaten raw.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.118-118
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• 2022

지속적인 학문의 발전을 위해서는 선행연구에 대한 재현성이 무엇보다도 중요하다고 할 수 있다. 하지만 컴퓨터와 소프트웨어의 급속한 발달로 인한 컴퓨터 환경의 다양화, 분석 소프트웨어의 지속적 최신화로 인해서 최근 구축된 모델도 짧게는 몇 달, 길게는 1~2년후면 다양한 에러로 인하여 재현성이 불가능해지고 있다. 이러한 재현성의 극복을 위해서 온라인을 통한 데이터와 소스코드의 공유의 필요성이 제시되고 있으나, 실제로는 개인마다 컴퓨터 환경, 버전, 소프트웨어 설치에 필요한 라이브러리의 버전 또는 디렉토리 등이 달라 단순히 온라인을 통한 데이터와 소스코드의 공유만으로 재현성을 개선하기는 힘든 것이 현실이다. 따라서 이러한 컴퓨터 모델링 환경의 공유는 과거의 형태와 같이 데이터, 소스코드와 매뉴얼의 공유만으로 불가능하다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수자원 모델링의 재현성 개선을 위해 1) 온라인 저장소, 2) 클라우드기반 JupyterHub 모델링 환경과 3) 모델 APIs 3개의 핵심 구성요소를 제시하고, 최근 미국에서 개발된SUMMA(Structure for Unifying Multiple Modeling Alternative) 수자원 모델에 적용하여 재현성 달성을 위한 3개의 핵심 구성요소의 필요성과 용이성을 검증하였다. 첫 번째, 데이터와 모델의 온라인 공유는 FAIR(Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) 원칙으로 개발된 수자원분야의 대표적인 온라인 저장소인 HydroShare를 활용하여 모델입력자료를 메타데이터와 함께 공유하였다. 두 번째, HydroShare에서 Web App의 형태로 제공되는 클라우드기반 JupyterHub환경인 CUAHSI JupyterHub(CJH)와 일루노이대학에서 제공하는 CyberGIS-Jupyter for water JupyterHub(CJW)환경에 수자원모델링 환경을 컨테이너(Docker) 환경을 통해 구축·공유하였다. 마지막으로, 클라우드에서 수자원모델의 효율적 이용을 위해 Python기반의SUMMA모델 API인 pySUMMA를 개발·공유하였다. 이와같이 구축된 3개의 핵심 구성요소를 이용하여 2015년 Water Resources Research에 게재된 SUMMA 논문의 9개 Test Cases 중에서 5개를 누구나 쉽게 재현할 수 있음을 증명하였다. 재현성의 중요성에 대한 인식의 증가로 Open과 Transparent Hydrology에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있으며, 이를 위해서 클라우드 기반의 모델링 환경구축 및 제공이 확대되고 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 HydroShare와 같은 온라인 저장소, CJH와 CJW와 같은 클라우드기반 모델링환경, 모델의 효율적 이용을 위한 모델 APIs는 급속도로 발달하고 있는 컴퓨터 및 소프트웨어 환경에서 핵심구성요소이며, 연구의 재현성 개선을 통해 수자원공학 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.171-180
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• 1984

In order to provide some clues for differential diagnosis of trematode infections in fecal examination, the comparative morphology of eggs of 5 kinds of heterophyid flukes (Metagonimus yokogawai, Heterophyes heterophyes nocens, Heterophyopsis continua, Stellantchasmus falcatus and Pygidiopsis summa) and Clonorchis sinensis was studied. The eggs were obtained from distal portion of uteri of worms which were recovered from men after treatment. The characteristic shape and appearance of each kind of eggs were observed in detail under light microscope, and their length and width measured and compared one another. The results are as follows: 1. Eggs of C. sinensis are elongated ovoidal in shape with attenuated anterior end, 25.3~33. 2 (28. 3 in average) ${\mu}m$ long and 14.2~17.4(5.9) ${\mu}m$ wide with length/width ratio of 1.60~2.00 (1.78). They differ from all heterophyid eggs in that they have prominent wrinkling (muskmelon pattern) at their shell surface. 2. P. summa eggs are ovoid to pyriform in shape and characterized by the smallest size of all kinds examined, 19.8~22.9 (21.6) ${\mu}m$ long and 11.1~13.4 (12.1) ${\mu}m$ wide and the ratio 1.63~1.99 (1.78). 3. Eggs of S. falcatus are elongated ovoidal and most slender form, 25.3~29.2 (27.2) ${\mu}m$ long and 11.1~13.4 (12.5) ${\mu}m$ wide with the ratio of 2.00~2.57 (2.17). 4. Eggs of M. yokogawai are ellipsoid to elliptical in shape with round both ends, 26.9~31.6 (28.5) ${\mu}m$ long and 14.2~18.2 (16.8)${\mu}m$ wide with the ratio of 1.48~2.11 (1.70). 5. H. continua eggs are oval in shape, sometimes similar to M. yokogawai or H. h. nocen$ eggs, however, the relative breadth is broadest among all kinds, with maximum width at posterior half portion. They are 23.7~27.7 (25.0) ${\mu}m$ long, 15.8~18.9 (16.4) ${\mu}m$ wide with the ratio of 1. 33~1.75 (1.53). 6. Eggs of H. h. nocens are ellipsoid to ovoid in shape but sometimes more slender than M. yokogawai and have slightly pointed both ends. They are 23.7~29.2 (25.7) p.m long, 14.2~15.8 (15.4) ${\mu}m$ wide, and the ratio 1.50~2.06 (1.67). From the results, it is concluded that eggs, of 5 kinds of heterophyids and C. sinensis can be morphologically differentiated one another, however, careful observation and measurement on sufficient number of eggs are needed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.507-518
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• 1998

A field comparison study was carried out to quantify differences among various sampling and analytical methods for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at a site in Vlsan in June 1997. Air sampling containers (SUMMA canisters) were used by the Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST) and adsorption tubes (carbotrap) were used by Yeungnam University (YN Univ.) for sampling ambient air. Duplicate samples obtained by KIST were analyzed by KIST with a GC-MS system for aromatics and halogenated hydrocarbons and by Atm AA with a GC -FID system for C2∼C9 hydrocarbons, respectively. The adsorption tube samples were analyzed by YN Univ. with a GC-FID system for aromatics. VOC levels for the duplicate canister sampls analyzed by KIST and Atm AA were in good agreement. Concentrations of aromatics by the adsroption tube method were generally higher than those by the canister sampling method by factor of 1.5 to 2.0. Differences between the two sampling methods were discussed.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-190
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• 2016

Luca Pacioli was a Franciscan friar, a prolific writer, a devoted teacher, a mathematician and a close friend of Leonardo da Vinci. He is also known to be the"father of accounting". He is best remembered for his two books on mathematics: "Summa de Arithmetica Geometria Proportioni et Proportionalita" and "De divina proportione". These two books, which were printed in the field of mathematics for the first time by using Gutenberg's printing technology, contributed to the development of mathematics in Europe. In this paper, we investigate various aspects of his life and mathematical contribution of Pacioli based on these two books.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.345-387
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• 2023

Paleoparasitology is a discipline that applies existing conventional and molecular techniques to study parasites found in ancient ruins. This review focuses on the history of the discovery of parasites (mostly helminth eggs and larvae) in archaeological soil samples and mummies in Korea from the Three Kingdoms Period to the Joseon Dynasty (100 BCE-1910 CE). We also briefly review important milestones in global paleoparasitology. The helminth species reported so far in Korea included Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis (larva), Trichostrongylus sp. (larva), Paracapillaria philippinensis (syn. Capillaria philippinensis), Enterobius vermicularis, Fasciola hepatica, dicrocoeliids, Paragonimus westermani, Clonorchis sinensis, Metagonimus yokogawai, Pygidiopsis summa, Gymnophalloides seoi, Isthmiophora hortensis, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis (syn. Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense), and Taenia spp. tapeworms. The findings obtained by Korean paleoparasitologists/archaeologists have brought about deep insight into the status of helminthic infections in Korea's past populations. Continued paleoparasitological research is essential for further understanding of ancient parasites and parasitic diseases in Korea.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.31-37
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• 2001

The present study was performed to investigate the infection status of heterophyid fluke metacercariae in mullets and gobies collected from some coastal areas of cholla-do. The collected fishes were transferred to the laboratory, artificially digested with pepsin-HCI solution and examined under a stereomicroscope. In 70 mullets examined, the metacercariae of Heterophyes nocens (in 28.6% of fish), Heterophyopsis continua (in 2.9%), Pygidiopsis summa (in 32.9%) and Stictodora spp. (in 14.3%) were detected. The metacercariae of H nocens were detected in mullets from Shinan-gun (in 60.0% of fish), Muan-gun (in 54.4%), Hampyong-gun (in 25.0%) and Yonggwang-gun (in 16.7%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 7.6,34, 10 and 5 in each areas. A total of 7 metacercariae of H. continua was detected in only 2 mullets from Hampyong-gun. The metacercariae of p. summa were detected in mullets from Haenam-gun (in 80.0% offish), Muan-gun (in 27.3%), Hampyong-gun (in 16.7%) and Puan-gun (in 100%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 350, 14, 5 and 97 in each areas. The metacercariae of Stictodora spp. were detected in mullets from Shinan-gun (in 26.7% offish), Hampyong-gun (in 33.3%) and Puan-gun (in 20.0%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 2.8, 18.8 and 2.5 in each areas. In 70 gobies examined, the Metacercariae of H nocens (in 15.7% of fish), H continua (in 47.1%) and Stictodora spp. (in 48.6%) were detected. The metacercariae of H. nocens were detected in gobies from Shinan-gun (in 50.0% of fish) and Yonggwang-gun (in 10.0%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 71 and 2 in each areas. The metacercariae of H. continua were detected in gobies from Shinan-gun (in 65.0% of fish), Hampyong-gun (in 70.0%) and Yonggwang-gun (in 60.0%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 5.7,6.6 and 3.2 in each areas. The metacercariae of Stictodora spp. were detected in gobies from Shinan-gun (in 80.0% offish), Hampyong-gun (in 70.0%) and Puan-gun (in 40.0%). The average metacercarial density per infected fish were 149,203 and 5.5 in each areas. From the above results, it was confirmed that the mullet and goby from some coastal areas of cholla-do are infected with numerous metacercariae of heterophyid trematodes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2015

The present study was performed to survey the infection status of zoonotic intestinal trematode (ZIT) in stray cats from 5 major riverside areas in the Republic of Korea. Total 400 stray cats were captured with live-traps in riverside areas of Seomjingang ('gang' means river) (203 cats) from June to October 2010, and of Yeongsangang (41), Nakdonggang (57), Geumgang (38), and Hangang (61 cats) from June to October 2011, respectively. Small intestines resected from cats were opened with a pair of scissors in a beaker with 0.85% saline and examined with naked eyes and under a stereomicroscope. More than 16 ZIT species were detected in 188 (92.6%) cats from Seomjingang areas, and the number of worms recovered was 111 per cat infected. In cats from riverside areas of Yeongsangang, Nakdonggang, Geumgang, and Hangang, more than 9, 8, 3, and 5 ZIT species were recovered, and the worm burdens were 13, 42, 11, and 56 specimens per infected cat, respectively. As the members of family Heterophyidae, more than 10 species, i.e., Metagonimus spp., Pygidiopsis summa, Heterophyes nocens, Stellantchasmus falcatus, Heterophyopsis continua, Acanthotrema felis, Centrocestus armatus, Procerovum varium, Cryptocotyle concava, and Stictodora lari, were recovered. More than 5 species of echinostomes, i.e., Echinostoma hortense, Echinochasmus japonicus, Echinochasmus sp., Echinoparyphium sp., and unidentified larval echinostomes, were collected. Plagiorchis spp. were detected in cats from areas of Seomjingang and Yeongsangang. From the above results, it has been confirmed that stray cats in 5 major riverside areas of Korea are highly infected with various species of ZITs.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.567-574
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• 1999

Volatile organic Compounds(VOC) were measured at an industrial site in Ulsan in 1997 and 1998. Twenty-four hour integrated ambient air samples were collected in 6 L SUMMA canisters during the periods of June 3 to 8, 1997 and June 12 to 17, 1998. The daily mean concentrations of the total $C_2-C_9$ VOC in 1998 were about one third of those in 1997. This decrease of VOC levels may be attributable to the measures to control the emissions of VOC and the decrease of the plant operation. The decrease in the concentrations of oxygenated hydrocarbons and alkenes, especially, contributed to the decrease of the total VOC concentrations in 1998. Lowever concentrations of alkenes compared to aromatics in 1998 were due to the decrease of ethylene and propylene. In the present study, methanol (12.0 ppb) was the most abundant species, followed by acetone (10.1 ppb), propane (6.0 ppb), and vinyl chloride (5.9 ppb). The total concentrations of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) in 1998 were reduced compared to those in 1997. However, this decrease is due to the drastic decrease of the concentration of methanol. Except methanol, the concentrations of HAPs have not varied much. It is suspected that the VOC control strategy for the Ulsan industrial area has been successful for reducing the total VOC levels but might not be effective in reducing the concentrations of HAPs.