• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.20 no.2 s.33
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• pp.68-76
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• 2007

Objectives : This experimental study was performed to investigate the effects of Sulfur extract on anti-inflammation and anti-Propionibacterium acnes. Methods : The cytotoxicity of Sulfur extract about viability of Raw 264.7 cell were tested using a colorimetric tetrazolium assay(MTT assay). To investigate the anti-inflammation effects of Sulfur extract on LPS-induced macrophage Raw 264.7 cell, we used ELISA kit and Western blots. We evaluated anti-oxidation effects of Sulfur extract on HaCaT cell by Enzyme recycling method. And we investigated the inhibitory effects of Sulfur extract on Propionibactrium acnes using paper disk diffusion method. Results: 1. Sulfur extract has a little cytotoxicity in Raw 264.7 cell. 2. Concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ Sulfur extract inhibited the production of NO in the Raw 264.7 cell stimulated with LPS. 3. Sulfur extract showed a oxidation inhibition effect by decreasing the DPPH radicals. 4. Sulfur extract has not the significant inhibition effect of Propionibactrium acnes. Conclusions: These results indicate that Sulfur extract has anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. If further study is performed, the use of Sulfur extract will be valuable and benificial in the therapy of Propionibactrium acnes.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.348-351
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the anticancer effect of extracts from sulfur fed duck carcass. Growth inhibition of cancer cell lines was measured by MTT assay. Eleven cancer cell lines, such as Calu-3(human lung carcinoma), SK-MES-1(human lung carcinoma), HL6O(human leukemia), KB(human epidermoid of mouth carcinoma), Farrow(human melanoma), HEP-2(human larynx carcinoma), SNU-1(human stomach carcinoma), K-562 (human leukemia), WiDr(human colon carcinoma), P388(mouse leukemia) and 3LL(mouse lung carcinoma) showed the growth inhibition higher than 50%, but those, such as SF-188(human brain carcinoma), A-549(human lung carcinoma) and HEC-lB(human uterus carcinoma) showed the growth inhibition lower than 50% in the extract of sulfur fed duck carcass at the concentration of 10 mg/㎖. The sulfur fed duck carcass extract had better growth inhibition than the normal counterpart against various cancer cell lines at the concentration of 10 mg/㎖. When the effect of growth inhibition of an effluent by different concentrations of methyl alcohol(25, 50, 75 and 100%) tested on Diaion HP-20 column chromatography, an effluent by concentration of 100% methyl alcohol showed the most strong effect of growth inhibition against HEP-2(human larynx carcinoma).

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.360-367
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was evaluated physiological activity of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium that antioxidative and antiinflammatory effects. Proliferation of processed sulfur (PS) with Cordyceps militaris mycelium was increased in dose-dependent manner. In organic sulfur contents of Cordyceps militalis mycelium fortified processed sulfur, CM+PSH (CM+3000 ppm of PS) was significantly higher than other groups. However, CM+PSL (CM+1500 ppm of PS) was almost changed organic sulfur. Content of total polyphenol compounds was similarity to CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH. The EDA (electron donating ability) and SOD-like activity was increased in dose-dependent manner and the activity of CM were significantly higher than CM+PSL and CM+PSH. We examined cytotoxicity, nitric oxide production of Raw 264.7 cell and inhibition of HT 1080 cell by MTT assay. CM, CM+PSL and CM+PSH do not have any toxic effects in macrophages (Raw 264.7). And CM+PSL and CM+PSH inhibited the production of nitrite in Raw 264.7 cells activated with LPS. The antitumor effects of processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium on HT 1080 cell was indicated a significantly inhibition activity. These results suggested that processed sulfur with Cordyceps militaris mycelium have activities of antioxidant, antiinflammatory effects.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.127-133
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• 2012

Inhibition effects on spore germination and mycelia growth for pepper anthracnose fungi (Collectricum acutatum) were investigated in vitro using eco-friendly agricultural materials as well as ecofriendly pesticides. The inhibition effect on mycelia growth of anthracnose fungi is the highest when the anthracnose mycelia were treated with a pesticide (commercial name: Koreayeok) that contains a mixture of Bacillus subtilis and Panibacillus polymyxa, resulting in 100% inhibition of the mycelia growth. Meanwhile, the range of 20~40% inhibition effects on the growth of anthracnose mycelia was observed with other commercial agricultural materials. The significant inhibition effects on spore formation of anthracnose fungus were shown in vitro with two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur [BTB (100%) and SulfurStar (95.1%)], Koreayeok (95.0%), Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture, and Jihabudea-KM containing Psedomonas spp. (96.1%), respectively. Taken from these in vitro results of inhibiting of the spore germination and mycelia growth together, Koreayeok is the most effective on control of pepper anthracnose disease in vitro. In addition, two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur (BTB and SulfurStar) and Borstar (99.0%) containing Bordeaux mixture are also significantly applicable to prevent pepper plants from anthracnose disease in vitro. It remains to be determined whether the selected eco-friendly agricultural materials in effective control of anthracnose in vitro can be used to control pepper anthracnose in field.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2012

Inhibition effects on spore germination and mycelia growth for gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) were investigated in vitro using environment-friendly agricultural materials as well as environment-friendly pesticides. The inhibition effect on mycelia growth of gray mold is the highest when the gray mold mycelia were treated with a pesticide (commercial name: Koreayeok, Jihabudea KM, Sootingtan, Sootingstar) that contains a mixture of Bacillus subtilis, resulting in 100% inhibition of the mycelia growth. Meanwhile, the range of less than 20% inhibition effects on the growth of gray mold mycelia was observed with other commercial agricultural materials. The significant inhibition effects on spore germination of gray mold fungus were shown in vitro with two water dispersible pesticides containing sulfur [BTB (97.7%) and SulfurStar (92.3%)], respectively. These in vitro results of inhibiting of the spore germination and mycelia growth together cannot found. It remains to be determined whether the selected environment-friendly agricultural materials in effective control of gray mold in vitro can be used to control gray mold in field.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.431-443
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• 2013

Sulfur content of diesel fuel has been cut down to under 10 ppm ULSD (ultra low sulfur diesel) level by environmental regulation with the aim of reducing exhaust emissions. This review discusses the methods and principles of sulfur reduction in diesel and presents an overview of new approaches for ultra-deep desulfurization. The deep HDS (hydrodesulfurization) problems of diesel streams is exacerbated by the inhibiting effect of co-existing aromatics, nitrogen compounds and $H_2S$. The new approaches to deep desulfurization includes non-HDS type processing schemes such as adsorptive, extractive and oxidative desulfurization.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.365-378
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• 2018

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, which is one of the major diseases of red dates, causes severe damages in jujube (Zizyphus jujuba Miller) production in Korea. This study was done to evaluate the inhibition of anthracnose occurrence and pathogen growth by the treatment of environment-friendly materials such as a Bordeaux mixture and loess-sulfur mixture and by defense-response signaling in jujube. The in vitro test of the environment-friendly materials and signaling molecules that were routinely applied did not exhibit any antifungal activities against the pathogen for jujube anthracnose. The Bordeaux mixture and loess-sulfur mixture at a two-fold concentration showed inhibition zones that were 16.0 and 20.3 mm in diameter, respectively. In the pathogen inoculation test with detached jujube tree leaves, while treatment with the environment-friendly materials diluted by half showed no inhibition of lesion development, they did show inhibition of lesion development when they were routinely applied to the leaves. In detached jujube fruits inoculated with the pathogen, better suppressive effects by the treatment of the environment-friendly materials were seen in the fruits at a young stage rather than in the ripening stage. The in vivo test with jujube trees in pots showed that the treatment of salicylic acid (1 mM) resulted in the best suppressive effects against lesion development. The results suggest that it is possible to manage the incidence of anthracnose by the treatment of environment-friendly materials such as the Bordeaux and loess-sulfur mixtures and signaling chemicals such as ethephon, hydrogen peroxide, methyl jasmonate, and salicylic acid in jujube trees and fruits. Consequently, these findings suggest that environment-friendly materials and defense response signaling molecules could be used as suitable candidates for sustainable agrochemicals to manage anthracnose in jujube production.

• Mycobiology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.308-318
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• 2019

Bio-sulfur can be produced in the process of desulfurization from a landfill and collected by some microorganism such as Thiobacillus sp. as a sulfur element. In order to investigate practical use of bio-sulfur as an agent for controlling plant disease, in vitro antifungal activity of bio-sulfur was tested against Colletotrichum orbiculare known to cause cucumber anthracnose. Efficacy of bio-sulfur for suppressing anthracnose disease was also evaluated in vivo using cucumber leaves. Mycelial growth of C. orbiculare on medium containing bio-sulfur was inhibited. Disease severity of cucumber leaves pre-treated with bio-sulfur was significantly decreased compared to that of untreated ones. To illustrate how bio-sulfur could suppress anthracnose disease, structures of cucumber leaves infected with C. orbiculare were observed under a fluorescent microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Cucumber leaves pre-treated with bio-sulfur showed a low rate of appressorium formation whereas untreated ones showed abundant appressoria. Shrunk fungal hyphae were mostly observed on bio-sulfur-pretreated leaves by SEM. Similar results were observed on leaves pre-treated with a commercial fungicide Benomyl(R). These results suggest that inhibition of appressorium formation of C. orbiculare by bio-sulfur may contribute to its suppression of cucumber anthracnose.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.621-626
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• 1994

Cysteine showed strong inhibitory effect on growth and protease production of Pseudo- monas sp. RP-222 and its mutant, MR-3966. Mid- to late-log phase cells were most sensitive to the presence of 10 mM cysteine. The inhibition caused by cysteine was almost completely overcome by addition of isoleucine, leucine and valine mixture to the medium, and inclusion of iso#leucine alone could greatly reduce the inhibitory effects of cysteine. Homocysteine and #cysteine, sulfur compounds having similar structure as cysteine, inhibited to varying degrees the growth of both strains. Cysteine and homocysteine were strong inhibitors of threonine deaminase but not transa#- minase B. These results suggest a relationship between the growth-inhibitory effects of cysteine and other sulfur compounds and the inhibition of isoleucine synthesis at the level of threonine deaminase.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.184-190
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• 2006

Young radishes (YR, yeolmu in Korean) were cultivated in soil with and without sulfur. Control YR-kimchi and sulfur YR-kimchi were prepared using the young radishes cultivated in the soil without and with 1,818 $g/m^3$ sulfur, respectively. Fermentation of the YR-kimchis were conducted at $5^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks. The control and sulfur YR-kimchis were reached pH 4.39 and pH 4.31 with 0.98% and 1.04% acidity at 5 weeks, respectively. At a higher concentration of 20 ${\mu}L/assay$, the sulfur YR-kimchi juice exhibited higher inhibitory effects (84%) on the growth of HT-29 human colon cancer cells than the control YR-kimchi (57%). Methanol extract from the YR-kimchis also led to similar results to those of the juices. In the inhibition study by hematocytometer, YR-kimchis inhibited the growth of cells in a time-dependent manner. Sulfur YR-kimchi induced apoptosis as determined by 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining and decreased Bcl-2 expression of active anticancer compounds, when compared to the control YR-kimchi. These results suggested that preparing kimchi using YR cultivated in the presence of sulfur, which can help to synthesize active compounds, could increase the anti-cancer activity of sulfur YR-kimchi.