• KSBB Journal
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2014

Production of biodegradable polymer polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from industrial wastes exhibits several advantages such as recycle of waste and the production of high valuable products. To this end, this study aimed at isolating from the sewage treatment plant a PHA producing bacterium capable of utilizing wastes generated from biodiesel and food industries. A Bacillus cereus strain capable of producing poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB)] was isolated, which was followed by confirmation of P(3HB) accumulation by gas-chromatographic analyses. Then, the effects of nutrient limitation on P(3HB) production by B. cereus was first examined. Cells cultured in a minimal medium under the limitation of nitrogen, potassium and sulfur suggested that nitrogen limitation allows the highest P(3HB) accumulation. Next, production of P(3HB) was examined from both waste of biodiesel production (crude glycerol) and waste from food industry (spent coffee grounds). Cells cultured in nitrogen-limited minimal medium supplemented crude glycerol and waste spent coffee grounds extract accumulated P(3HB) to the contents of 2.4% and 1.0% of DCW. This is the first report demonstrating the capability of B. cereus to produce P(3HB) from waste raw materials such as crude glycerol and spent coffee grounds.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2007

Glutathione S-transferases(GSTs, EC 2.5.1.18), glyoxalase-I(EC 4.4.1.5) and alliin lyase(alliinase, EC 4.4.1.4) are important enzyme systems in plant bodies. The first two are mainly detoxifying enzymes that utilize glutathione(GSH) in the defense mechanism, and the last one is mainly involved in secondary metabolism and relevant to sulfur compounds derived from GSH. The activities of the three enzymes have been investigated in soluble extracts of vegetable crops, including pumpkin, cabbage, broccoli, radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, mungbean, and onion. GST activities were detected in all of the vegetables, and the extract of onion bulb exhibited the highest specific activity(648 nmol/min/mgP). The putative GSTs of most of the vegetables were found to be induced by ethanol. The activities of GSTs in onion bulb were found to be markedly inhibited by S-hexyl glutathione and were also inhibited by S-butyl glutathione and S-propyl glutathione. The anti-CmGSTF1 antiserum recognized a thick band for putative onion GST. The estimated glyoxalase-I activity level was also high in onion bulb(4540 nmol/min/mgP), indicating that the thick band detected by Western blot analysis might result from partial recognition of glyoxalase-I by the antiserum. The specific activities for glyoxalase-I were moderate in radish and carrot, and the extracts of other vegetables had rather low levels of activities. The extract of onion also showed the highest specific activity level for alliinase(2069nmol pyruvate/mgP). The extracts of other vegetables also had alliinase activities, although the estimated values were much lower than that of onion.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

Some of the edible plants like apricot kernel, flaxseed, and cassava generate hydrogen cyanide (HCN) when cyanogenic glycosides are hydrolyzed. Rhodanese (thiosulfate: cyanide sulfurtransferases of TSTs; EC: 2.8.1.1) is a sulfide-detoxifying enzymes that converts cyanides into thiocyanate and sulfite. This enzyme exists in a liver and kidneys in abundance. The present study is to evaluate the conversion of apricot cyanogenic glycosides into thiocyanate by human hepatic (HepG2) and colonal (HT-29) cells, and the induction of the enzymes in the rat. The effects of short term exposure of amygdalin to rats have also been investigated. Cytosolic, mitochondrial, and microsomal fractions from HepG2 and HT-29 cells and normal male Spraque-Dawley rats were used. When apricot kernel extract was used as substrate, the rhodanese activity in liver cells was higher than the activity in colon cells, both from established human cell line or animal tissue. The cytosolic fractions showed the highest rhodanese activity in all of the cells, exhibiting two to three times that of microsomal fractions. Moreover, the cell homogenates could metabolize apricot extract to thiocyanate suggesting cellular hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycoside to cyanide ion, followed by a sulfur transfer to thiocyanate. After the consumption of amygdalin for 14 days, growth of rats began to decrease relative to that of the control group though a significant change in thyroid has not been observed. The resulting data support the conversion to thiocyanate, which relate to the thyroid dysfunction caused by the chronic dietary intake of cyanide. Because Korean eats a lot of Brassicaceae vegetables such as Chinese cabbage and radish, the results of this study might indicate the involvement of rhodanese in prolonged exposure of cyanogenic glycosides.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2014

충치는 사람의 구강질환 중 가장 흔한 질환으로 Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans)균이 초기 충치를 형성하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 담당한다. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis)는 대표적인 구취 유발균으로 구취 형성에 중요한 휘발성 황화합물을 생성하는데 관여한다. 치주질환은 치은결체조직과 치조골의 파괴를 유발하여 치아의 상실을 초래할 수 있는 만성 염증성 질환으로 Prevotella intermedia (P. intermedia)가 원인균이다. 이번 연구에서는 cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), sodium fluoride (NaF), 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 유효성분으로 하는 마우스워시 제품을 사용하여 S. mutans 균을 포함, 구강질환 균으로 널리 알려진 P. gingivalis, P. intermedia 대해 항균 효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 그 결과 시험군의 경우 S. mutans, P. gingivalis 에 대해 30 s 내에 4.00 Log, 4.68 Log의 사멸력을 확인하였고, P. intermedia의 경우 30 s 2.40 Log, 60 s 2.70 Log 사멸력을 확인하였다. 또한 Dentocult SM Strip mutans (SM Strip) 염색방법을 적용하여 S. mutans 균의 감소여부를 시각적 자료로 쉽게 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 결과를 통해 CPC, NaF, 녹차 추출액, 솔잎 추출액을 포함한 마우스워시 제품은 구강균 사멸을 통해 충치 및 구취와 같은 구강질환 예방에 효과가 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

민꽃게를 시료로 하여 바람직한 갑각류 향기성분의 전구물질부가 되는 character impact compounds의 검색 및 게 자숙향기의 발현에 대하여 검토하였다. Methanol이 냄새성분의 전구물질 추출에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났고, 추출횟수는 3회 정도로 완전추출이 가능했으며, 이때 methanol의 농도는 $80\%$일 때가 냄새의 강도가 가장 강한 것으로 나타났다. 시료 게의 냄새성분의 전구물질부를 구명하기 위해 투석 및 이온 교환수지 방법 등을 이용해 냄새성분 전구물질부를 분획하고 관능검사한 결과, 게 자숙취의 전구물질은 수용성이고 투석성의 저분자 성분으로, 산성 및 양성성분의 물질을 주체로 하여 여러 가지 성분이 동시에 가열될 때 발생하는 것이라고 생각되었다 게육 특유의 자숙취를 발현시킬 목적으로, 민꽃게 육의 $80\%$ methanol 추출성분의 조성에 근거한 합성 게육 엑스분의 조제하여 100$^{\circ}C$C에서 30분간 열처리하여 발생하는 냄새를 천연 게육의 자숙취와 비교하여 볼 때, 냄새의 조화성 면에서는 다소 떨어지나 양시료 사이에는 거의 차이가 없었다. 한편, 천연 및 합성 게육의 자숙취를 GC로 분석하여 chromatogram의 pattern을 비교한 결과 저·중비점 물질의 경우 양자가 서로 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 게 자숙취의 발현에는 염기성아미노산을 비롯한 아미노산류의 역할이 컸으며, ribose와 염기성아미노산 간에 일어나는 Maillard 반응에 의해 생성되는 휘발성화합물, 그리고 4급 암모니움염기가 민꽃게 자숙취의 주요 요소가 될 것으로 추정되었다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2009

Objective: This study assessed five respective herbs in Cheonggugamrosu (CGGRS) for ability to inhibit malodor in vitro. Methods: We used malodor modeling of the salivary sediment system. Incubation mixtures were prepared with sediment at 16.7% (v/v), amino acids (cysteine and tryptophan) at 6mM and either herb extract at 1% (w/v) or water as control. Mixtures were incubated at $37^{\circ}C$ and odor was monitored organoleptically and for volatile sulfur compounds with the Halimeter. Indole/skatole was determined by Kovac's colorimetric method. Results: Two of the herbs, Caryophilli Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix, had inhibitory effect on malodor generation. Both of them significantly reduced VSC, organoleptic odor and indole/skatole formation (p<0.05). Conclusions: We found Caryophilli Flos and Glycyrrhizae Radix played a main role in CGGRS. Both herbs have potential as effective anti-malodor agents and this suggests they are worthy of further exploration.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.1053-1058
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• 1998

Volatile flavor compounds in salt fermented big eyed herring were analyzed by vacuum simultaneous distillation solvent extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry/olfactometry and aroma extract dilution anlaysis. A total of 44 volatile compounds were detected by GC/O analysis. Of these, 23 were positively identified, and composed of aldehydes(7), esters(5), ketones(4), sulfur containing compounds (3), aromatic hydrocarbons(2), alcohol(1) and nitrogen containing compound(1). Predominant odorants (Log3FD$\geq$5) in sample were ethyl butanoate(bubble gum /sweet candy-like), 3 methylbutyl butanoate (almond /nutty), 1 octen 3 one(earthy/mushroom like), (E,E) 2,6 nonadienal(roasted wheat/grainy), dimethyl trisulfide(soy sauce /cooked cabbage like), 2 acetylpyrazine(nutty/baked potato like) and unidentified compound(RI=1867, seaweed like).

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.371-378
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• 2006

Effect of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation and heat-treatment on hydrogenase which was extracted from the cytoplasmic fraction of the phototrophic purple sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina NCIB 8347 was studied. Crude enzyme extract was prepared by centrifugation($28,000{\times}g$, $400,000{\times}g$) after sonication of cells grown under photosynthetic condition for 96 hrs. Various conditions of $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation and heat-treatment were examined and the effect of protein concentration was analyzed by SDS-electrophoresis between the treatments. Optimum conditions for $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation and heat-treatment for evolution hydrogenase activity were 40-60% saturation and $60^{\circ}C$ for 20 min, respectively, which exhibited the specific hydrogenase activity of 0.78 U/mg-protein. Specific hydrogenase activity was decreased to 31.6% when the heat-treatment at $60^{\circ}C$ increased from 20 min to 5 hrs.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2004

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the $60\%$ isopropanol extract of soybean(Glycine max [L.] Merr.) seed revealed two abundant proteins with molecular masses of 19 and 10 kDa. Amino acid analysis revealed that the isopropanol-extractable protein fraction was rich in cysteine. Two-dimensional gel electro-phoretic analysis indicated that the 19kDa and 10kDa proteins had pI of 4.2 and 4.0 respectively. Peptide mass fingerprints of trypsin digests of the two proteins obtained using matrix-assisted, laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectroscopy revealed the 19kDa protein was Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and the 10kDa protein was Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitor. When resolved under non-denaturing conditions, the isopropanol-extracted proteins inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity. Results presented in this study demonstrate that isopropanol extraction of soybean seed could be used as a simple and rapid method to obtain a protein fraction enriched in Kunitz trypsin and Bowman-Birk proteinase inhibitors. Since proteinase inhibitors are rich in sulfur amino acids and are putative anticarcinogens, this rapid and inexpensive isolation procedure could facilitate efforts in nutrition and cancer research.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 1996

Several species and varieties of Allium spp. grown in Indonesia were screened for their in vitro antiplatelet aggregation activities. The extracts were also analyzed by GC for their volatile sulfur-containing compounds, and measured for their Volatile Reducing Substances (VRS) contents. Antiplatelet aggregation potencies of Allium spp. were varied among the species and varieties studied. Garlic extracts showed the greatest ability to inhibit platelet aggregation followed by extract of shallot, chive, yellow onion, and green onion. The 'Jawi' and 'local Padang' variety of garlic showed high activities with $IC_{50}$ values of 9.1 and $9.8\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The local Kupang variety of shallot showed the highest antiplatelet activity among the shallot varieties evaluated, with an $IC_{50}$ value of $111\;{\mu}g/ml$. Antiplatelet aggregation activities of Allium extracts showed a positive correlation with the level of volatile compounds.