• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sulfur Dioxide

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Short-term Effect of Ambient Air Pollution on Emergency Department Visits for Diabetic Coma in Seoul, Korea

  • Kim, Hyunmee;Kim, Woojin;Choi, Jee Eun;Kim, Changsoo;Sohn, Jungwoo
    • Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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    • v.51 no.6
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    • pp.265-274
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: A positive association between air pollution and both the incidence and prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has been reported in some epidemiologic and animal studies, but little research has evaluated the relationship between air pollution and diabetic coma. Diabetic coma is an acute complication of DM caused by diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, which is characterized by extreme hyperglycemia accompanied by coma. We conducted a time-series study with a generalized additive model using a distributed-lag non-linear model to assess the association between ambient air pollution (particulate matter less than $10{\mu}m$ in aerodynamic diameter, nitrogen dioxide [$NO_2$], sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone) and emergency department (ED) visits for DM with coma in Seoul, Korea from 2005 to 2009. Methods: The ED data and medical records from the 3 years previous to each diabetic coma event were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to examine the relationship with air pollutants. Results: Overall, the adjusted relative risks (RRs) for an interquartile range (IQR) increment of $NO_2$ was statistically significant at lag 1 (RR, 1.125; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.039 to 1.219) in a single-lag model and both lag 0-1 (RR, 1.120; 95% CI, 1.028 to 1.219) and lag 0-3 (RR, 1.092; 95% CI, 1.005 to 1.186) in a cumulative-lag model. In a subgroup analysis, significant positive RRs were found for females for per-IQR increments of $NO_2$ at cumulative lag 0-3 (RR, 1.149; 95% CI, 1.022 to 1.291). Conclusions: The results of our study suggest that ambient air pollution, specifically $NO_2$, is associated with ED visits for diabetic coma.

Evaluation of Indoor Air Quality in a Hospital Operating Room During Laparoscopic Surgery (병원 수술실에서의 복강경 수술 중 실내공기질 평가)

  • Choi, Dong Hee;Kang, Dong Hwa
    • Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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    • v.30 no.3
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    • pp.67-74
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: The identification and quantification of indoor airborne contaminants, including bio-aerosols, particulates, and gaseous contaminants, are crucial for maintaining acceptable indoor air quality for hospital operating rooms (ORs). Laparoscopic surgery has become widely accepted for various surgical procedures due to its rapid recovery rate and the low risk associated with small incisions compared to conventional open surgery. The objective of this study is to investigate the indoor air quality in hospital ORs and to identify indoor airborne contaminants generated during laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Measurements of an indoor environment, including temperature, humidity and air quality, were performed in an OR before and during a laparoscopic surgery. Indoor airborne contaminants, including volatile organic compounds (VOCs), formaldehyde, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), suspended indoor particles, and airborne bacteria, were measured simultaneously. Results: The study determined that the concentrations of indoor air particles and airborne bacteria increased during the surgery but were within acceptable levels. However, the concentration of CO2, reached a high level of 1,791 ppm due to the CO2 gas required for maintaining the pneumoperitoneum during the surgery. Implications: The results emphasized the use of ventilation and filtration in a laparoscopic surgery room to lower the concentration of filterable and non-filterable contaminants.

Investigation into Air Pollution in Car Shipping Workshop in Pyeongtaek Port (자동차 선적작업장의 공기오염 실태조사)

  • Kim, Ji-Ho;Won, Jong-Uk;Kim, Chi-Nyon;Roh, Jaehoon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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    • v.16 no.1
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    • pp.44-53
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    • 2006
  • This study purposed to investigate air pollution in car shipping yards and, for this purpose, we selected an outdoor open-air yard and an indoor ramp into the ship and measured the concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10, PM2.5 and heavy metals in the air. The results of this study are as follows. No significant difference was observed in temperature and humidity between the outdoor and indoor workshop, and the average air flow was 0.52 m/s in the indoor workshop, which is higher than 0.19 m/s in the outdoor workshop(p<0.01). The average concentrations of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 according to workplace were 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.03 ppm(${\pm}0.01$), 0.46 ppm(${\pm}0.22$), $39.44{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}2.45$) and $5.45{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}1.15$) respectively in the outdoor workshop, and 0.15 ppm(${\pm}0.05$), 0.22 ppm(${\pm}0.06$), 8.85 ppm(${\pm}3.35$), $236.39{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}58.21$) and $152.43{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}35.42$) respectively in the indoor workshop. Thus, the concentrations of gaseous substances in the indoor workshop were 4.9-19.2 times higher than those in the outdoor workshop, and the concentrations of fine dusts were 5.9-27.9 times higher(p<0.01). In addition, according to the result of investigating pollutant concentrations according to displacement and the number of car loaded when shipping gasoline cars into the ship, no significant relation between the number of cars loaded and pollutants was observed in shipping passenger cars, but the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide got somewhat higher with the increase of the number of cars loaded(p<0.05). In addition, the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, PM10 and PM2.5 in the air were significantly higher when shipping recreational vehicles, the displacement of which is larger than passenger cars, than when shipping passenger cars(p<0.01). On the other hand, the average heavy metal concentrations of the air in indoor workshop were: lead $-0.05{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.10$); chromium $-0.90{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.18$); zinc $-0.38{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.24$); copper $-0.18{\mu}g/m^3$(${\pm}0.22$); and manganese and cadmium not detected. In addition, the complaining rates of 'asthma,' a major symptom of chronic respiratory diseases, were 18.5% and 22.5% respectively in indoor workers and outdoor workers. Thus the rate was somewhat higher in indoor workers but the difference was not statistically significant. The complaining rates of 'chronic cough' and 'chronic phlegm' were very low and little different between indoor and outdoor workers. The results of this study show that the reason for the higher air pollution in indoor than in outdoor workshop is incomplete combustion of fuel due to sudden start and over-speed when cars are driven inside the ship. In order to prevent high air pollution, efficient management measures should be taken including the observance of the optimal speed, the improvement of old ships and the installation of efficient ventilation system.

Energy conversion of petroleum coke : CO2 gasification (석유 코크스의 에너지 전환 : CO2 가스화)

  • Kook, Jin-Woo;Gwak, In-Seop;Lee, See-Hoon
    • 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2014.11a
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    • pp.255-257
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    • 2014
  • The installation of light oil facilities or delayed cokers seems to be inevitable in the oil refinery industry due to the heavy crude oil reserves and the increased use of light fuels as petroleum products. Petroleum coke is a byproduct of oil refineries and it has higher fixed carbon content, higher calorific value, and lower ash content than coal. However, its sulfur content and heavy metal content are higher than coal. In spite of disadvantages, petroleum coke might be one of promising resources due to gasification processes. The gasification of petroleum coke can improve economic value of oil refinery industries by handling cheap, toxic wastes in an environment-friendly way. In this study, $CO_2$ gasification reaction kinetics of petroleum coke, various coals and mixing coal with petroleum coke have investigated and been compared by using TGA. The kinetics of $CO_2$ gasification has been performed with petroleum coke, 3 kinds of bituminous coal [BENGALLA, White Haven, TALDINSKY], and 3 kinds of sub-bituminous coal [KPU, LG, MSJ] at various temperature[$1100-1400^{\circ}C$].

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Shipboard Measurements of Air Pollutants across the Yellow Sea (황해 직선 항로상 대기오염물질의 측정)

  • 이승복;배귀남;진현철;김영성;문길주;심상규
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.20 no.1
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    • pp.33-46
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    • 2004
  • Air pollutants were measured eight times from June 1999 to June 2002 on regular ferries cruising across the Yellow Sea between Incheon in Korea and Qingdao or Tianjin in China. PM$_{10}$ and PM$_{2.5}$ were measured as particulate matters and SO$_2$, CO, and NO$_{x}$ were measured as gaseous pollutants. On each route, sampling was made, starting two hour after departure and ending two hour before arrival. Low concentrations of gaseous pollutants that were not much varied according to sampling period and location revealed that atmosphere over the sea was not directly affected by anthropogenic emissions. However, concentrations of fine particles were generally higher than those measured at Deokjeok Island, 50km west of the western seashore, at similar periods. It was believed that considerable influence of China in the form of secondary pollutants was exerted over the sea.a.a.a.

Smog and Health Effects -A Review of london Smog of December, 1952- (스모그와 건강피해 - 런던스모그참사의 재조명)

  • 조윤승
    • Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 1991
  • This paper briefly reviews our knowledge concerning the potential health risk of smog. It includes a review of the meteorological phenomenon, the causes of death in different age groups from London smog which occurred during the week of December 5, 6, 7, 8, 1952. During the London disaster, which caused 4,000 excess human deaths, it was deternimed the meteorological factors of almost absence of wind, low temperature, high humidity and an inversion. Hence, at ground level of air pollutants were suddenly increased and attributed to the combined action of a particulate matter with sulfur dioxide. As a result, abnormally large numbers of persons died especially, those individuals already suffering from disease of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems.

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Application of Sulfur-doping Titanium Dioxide to Trichloroethylene Oxidation

  • Yang, Chang-Hui;Sin, Myeong-Hui;Jang, Jong-Dae;Lee, Jin-U;Lee, Jun-Ho;Jo, Wan-Geun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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    • 2008.11a
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    • pp.127-130
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    • 2008
  • 가시광선에서 활성을 보이는 TiO$_2$광촉매를 이용하여 대표적인 휘발성유기화합물질들 중에 하나인 TCE의 분해을에 대한 실험을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서 여러 가지 변수들 중에 농도와 상대습도에 따른 휘발성유기화합물의 분해율에 대하여 실험하였으며, 농도 및 상대습도의 변화에 따른 분해율의 영향에 대하여 확인 할 수 있었다. 향후 광촉매를 실제 실내대기에 적용하기 위해 더욱 다양한 조건에서 여러 가지 오염물질에 대한 연구들이 진행되어야 할 것이다.

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大氣汚染 擴散모델 開發에 關한 硏究

  • 金良均;崔德一;李敏熙;趙康來;羅賑均;鄭長海
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.1 no.1
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    • pp.53-70
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    • 1985
  • This study was performed to develop and to evaluate an air quality model for determining long-term average concentration of sulfur-dioxide for the Seoul area. CDMQC, TCM-2, and ISCLT were applied and tested in this comparison studies with same point source, area source emission data, and meteorological data to calculate seasonal concentration. Mean emission height of area sources was assumed 6m. Six different values of initial sigma Z for eah stability class were used for area sources. And decay half life was not considered in the model calculations. The results are highly correlated with measurements, the correlation coefficients of calculated and measured for CDMQC, TCM-2, and ISCLT are 0.85, 0.93, and 0.96, respectively.

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Characteristics of Exhaust Emission Reduction of Heavy Duty Diesel Engine by Oxidation Catalyst - Reactor Test - (산화촉매에 의한 대형디젤엔진의 배출가스 정화 특성 - Reactor 실험을 중심으로 -)

  • Jo, Gang-Rae;Kim, Yong-U;Kim, Hui-Gang
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.14 no.4
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    • pp.313-320
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    • 1998
  • The most desirable diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) should have the properties of oxidibing CO and HC effectively at low exhaust gas temperature while minimizing the formation of sulfate at high exhaust gas temperature. Precious metals such as platinum and palladium have been known to be sufficiently active for oxidizing CO and HC and also to have high activity for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to sulfor trioxide (SO3). There is a need to develop a highly selective catalyst which can promote the oxidation of CO and HC efficiently, but, on the other hand, suppress the oxidation of SO2. One approach to solve this problem is to load a base metal such as vanadium in Pt-based catalyst to suppress sulfate formation. In this study, a Pt-V catalyst was prepared by impregnating platinum and vanadium onto a Ti-Si wash coated catalyst in a laboratory reactor by changing the formulations and reaction temperatures.

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Seasonal Variations of $SO_2$Dry Deposition Velocity Obtained by Sonic Anemometer-Thermometer (초음파 풍속온도계를 이용한 $SO_2$건성침착속도의 계절변화 특징)

  • 이종범;박세영
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.14 no.5
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    • pp.465-478
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    • 1998
  • In this study, seasonal variations of the dry deposition velocity and deposition flux for the sulfur dioxide were analysed. The field observation was performed during one year (from November 1, 1995 to October 31, 1996) in Chunchon basin. The turbulence data were measured by 3-dimensional sonic anemometer/thermometer, and were estimated by mean meteorological data obtained at two heights (2.5 m and 10 m) of meteorological tower. Also, the estimation methods were evaluated by comparing the turbulence data. The results showed that the estimated dry deposition velocity and turbulence parameter such as uc and sensible heat flux using mean meteorological data were relatively similar to the sonic measurements, but all showed somewhat large differences. The dry deposition velocity was large in summer and small in winter mainly due to canopy resistance (rc). The major factor which affects diurnal variation of the velocity was aerodynamic resistance (rw). The SO2 dry deposition flux was large in winter and small in summer in Chunchon.

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