• The Journal of the Korean dental association
• /
• v.22 no.5 s.180
• /
• pp.417-422
• /
• 1984

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 1992

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.38 no.4
• /
• pp.639-644
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare the number of live and dead bacteria attached to, or within, the stratified squamous epithelium lining the tissue side of the gingival sulcus. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 patients was examined and classified into healthy or diseased sites according to inflammatory status of the gingival tissue. The surface of stratified squamous epithelium was removed by gentle scraping of the gingival sulcus with curettes. The cells were processed in the laboratory by density-gradient centrifugation to separate the epithelial cells from the loose bacteria and debris. The LIVE/$DEAD^{(R)}$ $BacLight^{TM}$ Bacterial Viability Kit was applied and the specimens were observed by an epifluorescent microscope and the number of bacteria was counted. Results: Live and dead bacteria were stained to green and red, irrespectively. Generally, the number of total bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than in the healthy sites. The mean number of detected bacteria in the diseased sites was $58.6{\pm}36.0$ (red bacteria $10.4{\pm}9.2$ / green bacteria $48.2{\pm}30.5$), while it was $1.5{\pm}1.7$ in the healthy sites (red bacteria $0.1{\pm}0.3$ / green bacteria $1.4{\pm}1.5$). The percentage of red bacteria was $17.5{\pm}11.2%$ in the diseased sites and $2.0{\pm}5.8%$ in the healthy sites. Conclusion: The total number of bacteria in the diseased sites was significantly higher than that of the healthy sites. The ratio and the number of red bacteria were also significantly higher in the diseased sites.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.954-958
• /
• 2000

In the removal of small subcortical lesion in the eloquent area like sensory-motor cortex, the prevention of neurologic deficit is important. We present our technique of identification of M-1, S-1 cortex in a case of subcortical granuloma located in sensorymotor cortex. To accurately localize mass, stereotactic craniotomy was planned. At the beginning of procedure, functional MRI of motor cortex was done with stereotactic headframe in place. Next, the stereotactic craniotomy about 4 cm was done under propofol anesthesia for cortical mapping. After reflection of dura, central sulcus was identified with phase-reversal response of intraoperative SEP(somatosensory evoked potential) of contralateral median nerve. Then the patient was awakened, and direct cortical stimulation was done. We observed the muscle contractions of elbow, hand and fingers and the paresthesia over forearm, hand, fingers on the M-1 and S-1 cortex. Through cortical mapping and stereotactic guidance, we concluded that the mass lie immediately posterior to central sulcus, then the mass was carefully removed through small transsulcal approach, opening about 1 cm of rolandic sulcus.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.125-131
• /
• 2012

The patients with incomplete glottic closure have an important feature decreasing the maximum phonation time (MPT) because airflow rate or air leakage is greater than people without voice disorders. Also they can appear a problem in the intensity regulation. This study analyzed MPT difference based on the comfortable intensity and louder intensity and the correlation between MPT and respiration volume of unilateral vocal fold palsy (UVFP) and sulcus vocalis (SV) group. The twenty with UVFP, the 21 with SV, the 21 normal subjects measured MPT in /a/ vowel prolongation task with comfortable intensity and louder intensity and compared analysis by measuring FVC, $FEV_1$, $FEV_1/FVC$ to analyze the correlation between MPT and respiration volume. First, a comparison of MPT according to the intensity between groups is that MPT of the normal group was statistically significant long compared to the patient group in comfortable intensity, but MPT between groups was not statistically significant difference in the louder intensity. Second, an analysis of the correlation between MPT and respiration volume is that this was statistically significant correlation between MPT in comfortable intensity and MPT in louder intensity. But this did not show statistically significant correlation between intensity and respiration volume. This study can be supported the preceding study results deduced that shorting MPT of the patient group compared to the normal group was originated in the problem of laryngeal valving mechanism at the level of vocal folds rather than a problem of respiratory function. Also at the phonation by varying the intensity, the result can deduce that in the case of patient group, the length of MPT had been improved by increasing the glottal closure ratio in the louder intensity. These results can support the theoretical basis that should be applied to the clinicians by varying the intensity at the voice evaluation and voice therapy for the patients with the glottis incompetence.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.52-55
• /
• 2012

Background and Objectives : Based on histological findings, intracordal cysts are divided in two subtypes : retention cysts and epidermoid cysts. They are typically located in the superficial layer of the lamina propria and appeared as opaque ovoid buldging masses underlying the epithelium. They are characterized by unilateral diminished mucosal wave on stroboscopy. In this article, we report some cases of patients with an oval shaped-yellowish flat cyst. Materials and Method : At the clinic of the department of otorhinolaryngology in Gangnam Severance Hospital, with 3 female complained of hoarseness as subjects, using the stroboscopy we checked preoperative and postoperative vocal cord and operative findings. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia by the senior authors. All patients noted subjectively that their performing voice was improved. Results : During surgery, an oval shaped-yellowish flat cystic lesion was distinguished from normal epithelium. On palpation of this area with microforceps and cottons, the yellowish discharge was noted to move out from the opening of the cyst. In one case, the cyst was ruptured but remove the capsule completely. In other cases, sulcus was noted at the oppsite site. Conclusion : Because of the opening, the cyst was not easy to dissect and remove completely. After the debris was move out, fibrosis around the opening and invaginated epithelium extending into the deeper layers to the fold. The cyst was must removed carefully and completely for improvement of voice quality before evolving into a sulcus vocalis.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.678-685
• /
• 2006

A certain width of attached gingiva is required to maintain gingival health The purpose of this study was to examine the dimensional changes in the width of attached gingiva and the depth of gingival sulcus among the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions and establish baseline information on the width of attached gingiva in Korean children. Eighty-eight children aged 4 to 14, who visited the Department of Pediatric Dentistry at Samsung Medical Center, were selected and divided into 3 groups according to the periods of dentition: deciduous, mixed and permanent dentitions. The width of keratinized gingiva and the depth of gingival sulcus were measured in each group with a periodontal probe and the width of attached gingiva was determined. The width of attached gingiva in maxillary and mandibular first molars increased significantly with age after eruption in the permanent dentition (p<0.05). The sulcus depth significantly increased in newly erupted permanent teeth with narrower width of attached gingiva (p<0.05) in all of the experimented teeth with the exception of the mandibular central incisor during the transition period. The results suggest that the mean width of attached gingiva does not increase steadily from the deciduous to the permanent dentition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.81-86
• /
• 2021

Background and Objectives Therapies have been reported to treat the glottal gap previously. However, these voice therapies showed the limits because many techniques focused only on one among breathing, resonance and phonation. In addition patients often have difficulties visiting hospital frequently. 'Gliding and humming' is vocal training technique that readjusts total vocal patterns such as breathing, resonance and phonation. This technique can be easily applied during short term sessions. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of voice therapy with 'gliding and humming' for patients with glottic gap during short-term treatment sessions. Materials and Method Twenty-three patients with glottal gap were selected. Of all patients, 14 patients had sulcus vocalis and 12 patients had muscle tension dysphonia (MTD). Voice therapies were performed 1.9 sessions in average. GRBAS, jitter, shimmer, noise to harmonic ratio, semitone range, closed quotient_vowel and maximum phonation time were compared before and after the therapies. In addition, changes of glottal gap and MTD severity were evaluated. Results Statistically significant improvement was observed. MTD improvement was observed only among the patients with glottal gap improvement. Also sulcus vocalis group showed the statistically significant improvement. Conclusion 'Gliding and humming' was effective to the patients with glottic gap and sulcus vocalis. Also, among patients who have both glottic gap and MTD, the data suggests that voice therapy for glottic gap also makes improvement in MTD.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.87.2-87.2
• /
• 1985

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.94.2-94.2
• /
• 1986