• Applied Microscopy
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.13-30
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• 1985

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of lead on organisms. Mice received 15mg or 30mg of lead acetate per kg body weight every day for 1, 2 or 3 weeks, and the livers and kidneys were removed 24h after repeated injections. The livers and kidneys were used as sources for measurement of enzyme activities and for observation of alterations in ultrastructure. It was observed that body weights of mice treated with lead acetate were decreased when compared with those before treatment. This decrease in body weight was proportional to dose. The enzyme activities of succinate and malate dehydrogenases of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 1 week were nearly unchanged when compared with controls, but the enzyme activities of experimental group that was treated with lead acetate for 2 or 3 weeks were lower than those of controls. Changes in the enzyme activities were dependent on, but were not proportional to dose. Histologic examination of livers and kidneys after lead treatment showed that lead compound was accumulated and damaged in nucleus and mitochondria mainly. It was also observed that intranuclear inclusion bodies were formed only in epithelial cell of kidney proximal tubule after lead treatment. The overall changes in the ultrastructure were much greater in the livers than in the kidneys. From the above results, it nay be possible to conclude that the lead results in the decrease in body weight, reduction in the succinate dehydrogenate and malate dehydrogenase activities, and damages in the ultrastructure of kidney and liver in mouse. The presence of intranuclear inclusion bodies only in the kidney implies that these bodies protect the kidney from lead toxicity to some extent.

• 공업화학
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.619-624
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• 2006

유연탄을 연소하는 화력발전소의 탈황설비에서 생산된 배연탈황석고를 대상으로 가압반응기를 이용하여 수열반응을 통한 알파형 반수석고의 생성과정을 살펴보았다. 실험 결과 첨가제를 사용하지 않아도 반응온도 $120{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ 범위 하에서는 용해-재석출 기구에 의하여 알파형 반수석고가 생성되었으나 아스펙트 비가 매우 높은 침상형 결정이 생성되었다. 호박산나트륨을 첨가제로 주입한 결과 결정형상은 침상형에서 각주형으로 변화되었으며 혼수 비(water/powder ratio)는 33%까지 감소하였다. 호박산나트륨의 농도는 20 mM이 적정하였으며 반응도중 성형체의 붕괴를 방지하고 성형체의 기공부피에 의한 모세관 효과를 최대화하기 위한 최적의 성형체 성형압력은 $30kgf/cm^2$이었다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2019

Objectives : The liver is rich in mitochondria and it plays a key role in whole-body energy homeostasis. Mitochondria is double membrane-bound organelle that supplies energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Acupuncture is known to stimulate and regulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activity in the rats' livers, the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV was observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 4 groups; Normal 1 (no acupuncture treatment and anesthesia for 5 min), Normal 2 (no acupuncture treatment and anesthesia for 10 min), MA1 (acupuncture treatment at bilateral LR3 under anesthesia for 5 min), and MA2 (acupuncture treatment at bilateral LR3 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the livers were examined for respiratory chain change. Results : There was no difference in ubiquinon oxidoreductase, succinate dehydrogenase, and ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase after acupuncture at LR3. Acupuncture at LR3 for 10 min increased the activity of cytochrome C oxidase compared with no acupuncture groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture at LR3 mediated mitochondrial respiratory chain activity via the cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in the livers of rats.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.142-148
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• 2005

이상을 통해 숙신산 분리정제를 위한 반응추출의 원리와 연구개발 및 적용 사례를 살펴보았다. 반응추출은 에너지가 적게 드는 고효율 생물분리공정이라는 장점을 확인 할 수 있었으며 향후 카르복실산 이외에 항생제를 비롯한 다양한 생물분자들의 분리정제에 적용할 수 있는 높은 응용 가능성을 갖고 있다. 그러나 특정 카르복실산의 회수를 목적으로 할 경우 추출제의 pH제한성은 극복되어야 할 문제점으로 작용할 수도 있다. 이와 병행하여 추출된 특정 카르복실산의 효과적인 회수 및 용매 재활용을 위한 재생공정의 개발도 요구된다. 기존에는 온도-스윙-재생법(temperature-swing-regeneration, TSR)이나 희석제-스윙-재생법 (diluent-swing-regeneration, DSR)을 주로 사용하였으나 회수율이 낮은 단점이 있다. 반응추출 공정의 경제성 향상을 위해서는 이를 개량하거나 대체할 수 있는 공정의 개발이 요구된다. 아울러 발효공정의 수율향상과 생성물의 동시분리를 위해 반응추출을 발효공정에 in-situ로 적용하기 위해서는 추출제 및 희석제의 생물적합성 향상을 위한 연구도 필요하다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 의료용 흡수성 재료 및 환경적합성 재료의 개발을 목적으로 생체흡수성의 poly(glycolic acid)(PGA)를 심선(芯線)에 제작하고, 환경분해성의 poly(butylene succinate-co-L-lactate)(PBSL) 및 poly [(R)-3-hydroxybutylate] (PHB)를 외층(外層)에 지닌 복합섬유를 제작하여, PGA의 가수분해에 의해 발생되는 glycolic acid에 의한 PBSL 및 PHB의 가수분해성의 향상을 도모하고자 하였다. 그 결과 PBSL/PGA 복합섬유에 대한 연신은 $65^{\circ}C$에서 실시함에 의해 결정배향이 잘 배열된 섬유를 얻었다. 그러나 PHB/PGA 복합섬유는 $50^{\circ}C$에서는 결정배향이 양호한 섬유를 얻을 수 없었기 때문에 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 연신을 실시해야 양호한 복합섬유를 얻을 수 있음을 알았다. 또한 in-line 연신에서는 섬유표면에 요철이 발생되기 때문에 on-line 연신을 실시하는 것이 매끄러운 표면을 얻을 수 있음을 알았다.

• 폴리머
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.233-238
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• 2007

Poly(glycolic acid) (PGA)와 poly [(R) -3-hydrokybutyrate] (P3HB) 및 poly(butylenes succinate-co-L-lactate) (PBSL) 복합재료를 체내에서 서로 다른 가수분해속도를 보완하여 저가의 의료용 흡수성 복합재료로 응용하고자 연구하였다. 그 결과 PBSL/PGA와 P3HB/PGA 복합섬유는 인산염 완충용액 중에서 가수분해되는 것이 확인되었으며, PBSL/PGA 복합섬유는 PGA의 분해에 의해 발생된 glycolic acid에 의해 PBSL의 분해가 촉진되는 메카니즘이 확인되었다. PBSL/PGA 복합섬유는 lipase PS가 존재함에 의해 상당히 빠른 가수분해가 발생하는 것이 확인되었으며, 대기중에서는 거의 가수분해가 발생되지 않는 것을 알 수 있었다. P3HB/PGA 복합섬유 역시 대기중에서 적당한 인장강도를 유지하고 있는 것이 확인된 것으로 보아 본 연구를 통하여 이들 복합섬유는 의료용 흡수성 복합재료와 환경 적합재료로서 응용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.306-315
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• 2001

Our study is aimed at proposal of systematic verification method of molecular structure using measuring method of selective ionic determination and spectrometry on 34 kinds of surfactants such as sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) which are most widely used today. In the IR spectrum, unsaturated fatty acids reveal themselves by HC= at $3000{\sim}3020cm^{-1}$, and intensity of $720cm^{-1}$ depends on carbon length of alkyl group. Also ethylene oxide(EO) adducts exhibit weak characteristic bands by $-CH_{2}-CH_{2}-O$ at 1350, 1100 and $950cm^{-1}$. Isethionate can be distinguished from diester succinate by intensity ratio of 1740 and $1200cm^{-1}$ spectrums, the ratio of latter is close to 1 due to 2 carboxylate radical in diester succinate. Quaternary ammonium salts exhibit characteristic band of $C_{4}N^{+}$ at $1000-900㎝^{-1}$. In the case of dialkyl dimethyl ammonium salts in quaternary ammonium surfactants, the spectrum of $3000cm^{-1}$ by $N-CH_{3}$ collapses to a very weak band at $3020cm^{-1}$. In ammonium heterocyclic derivatives, pyridinium salts show characteristic bands at 1640 and $1460cm^{-1}$, while imidazolinium salts exhibit characteristic band at $1620-1610cm^{-1}$. In the characteristic spectrum at $1080-1050cm^{-1}$ on OH radicals of the alkyl esters, primary alcohol appears as weak band and the 2 bands show in almost same intensity when primary and secondary alcohols exist together in one molecule. Also, alkyl ester of polyhydric alcohols appears as various broad band.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.498-504
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• 1995

리보플라빈 결핍이 쥐간의 미토콘드리아의 플라빈 펩티드 합성, MAO, 숙신산 탈수소 효소 및 아세틸콜린 에스테라아제 활성 그리고 에피네프린가 노르에피네프린 함량에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 미토콘드리아내 탐지된 14C-리보플라빈의 방사선 함량과 트립신-가수분해 및 트립신-비가수분해 플라빈 펩티드의 농도의 증가는 리보플라빈 결핍시 현저히 나타났다. 미토콘드리아내 합성율은 2주째에 160% 이상으로 나타났다. MAO와 숙신산 탈수소 효소 활성은 리보플라빈 상태에 따라 현저히 감소하였으나, 아세틸콜린에스테라아제는 영향을 받지 않았다. 에피네프린과 노르에피네프린 함량도 현저히 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 쥐간의 미토콘드리아내 플라빈 펩티드 합성, MAO, 숙신산 탈수소 효소 활성, 카테콜라민 농도는 리보플라빈 결핍상태와 특히 그 지속기간에 따라 변화하였다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1967

Up to the present time, there are only three methods by which we can obtain bacteria free crown gall tissue. According to some papers related to this field, the first method is based on the works of Braun(53') who maintained infected plants at 46-47'c for several days. But the method has a problem that very few plants can tolerate this temperature. The second method is based on the well known observation that old tumors appear to be bacteria free at least 1 or 2% of the explants. Also this method is known to us as laborious and time consuming. The third method is the one we were using that was attempting to kill the bacteria with bacteriacidal agent such as Antibiotics. In fact., it is reported that almost complete control of crown gall of tomato was obtained by Blanchard('51) when plants were grown in a nutrient containing Aureomycin(20${\mu}g$/ml) following needle puncture with the gall bacteria. We have been engaged in making the experiment by applying solution of Penicillin, Streptomycin and of Chloramphenicol(Succinate free) to find the strong bacteriacidal agent through the method of disc plate, and to confirm the effect of antimicrobial action through the method of plant tissue culture system without possible injury to the host plant. The result of this report is the fact the strongest bacteriacidal agent among the above three Antibiotics was Chloramphenicol(Succinate free 1000 p.p.m). and that there happened no injury to the tissue cultures in a White's 10X media containing 1000 p.p.m. of Chloramphenicol.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2020

Objectives : Mitochondria are typically known as intracellular double membrane-bound structures that supply energy for intracellular metabolism including Krebs cycle and beta-oxidation. Also, acupuncture has been known to stimulate the flow of energy. To explore the effect of acupuncture on the mitochondrial respiratory chain activities in rat's heart and kidneys, the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I to IV were observed. Methods : The rats were divided into 11 groups; Normal (no acupuncture treatment and under anesthesia for 10 min), heart meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at HT9, HT8, HT7, HT4 and HT3 under anesthesia for 10 min), and kidney meridian five-transport-points (acupuncture treatment at KI1, KI2, KI3, KI7 and KI10 under anesthesia for 10 min). All rats were sacrificed and the heart and kidneys were examined for the changes of respiratory chain activities. Results : Acupuncture at HT7 increased the activity of succinate dehydrogenase; acupuncture at KI2 increased the activity of ubiquinol cytochrome C oxidoreductase; and acupuncture at HT9, HT8, HT3 and KI1 increased activities of cytochrome C oxidase. Conclusions : Acupuncture assists mitochondrial repiratory chain activity via the Cytochrome C oxidase signaling pathway in heart and kidney of rats.