• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2014

Purpose: We aim to determine sciatic nerve bifurcation location and depth at the level of the popliteal fossa in Korean female. Materials and Methods: Thirty three subjects were enrolled in Korean female. M-turbo ultrasound system (SonoSite, bothell, WA, USA)with 38 mm high frequency linear array transducer, 13-6 MHz probe was used for ultrasound measurements. With subject lying prone, the location of the sciatic nerve in relation to the popliteal crease and skin to nerve distance were assessed via ultrasound. Analyses were performed with SAS version 9.3 using multiple linear regression. Results: Thirty three subjects were enrolled. Distance from the popliteal crease to the sciatic nerve was 4.5-7.5 (mean 5.7 cm), and the depth of the sciatic nerve from the skin was 1.8-3.2 (mean 2.4 cm). Multiple linear regression for the usefulness of the model has a p value of 0.036, shows between weight and depth. Conclusion: We show that variability exists for sciatic nerve bifurcation location in Korean female, The success rate is creased if consider the relations between weight and depth when performs sciatic nerve block in Korean female. In our study, a sciatic nerve block is recommend that performed 7.5 cm proximal to the crease in the popliteal fossa.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1405-1417
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• 2017

Researches that apply the acceleration signal due to user's gait measured at the wearable device to the authentication technology are being introduced recently. The gait acceleration signal based authentication technologies introduced so far have assumed that an attacker can obtain a user's gait acceleration signal only by attaching accelerometer directly to user's body. And the practical attack method for gait acceleration signal based authentication technology is mimic attack and it uses a person whose physical condition is similar to the victim or identifies the gait characteristics through the video of the gait of the victim. However, mimic attack is not effective and attack success rate is also very low, so it is not considered a serious threat. In this paper, we propose Video Gait attack as a new attack method for gait acceleration signal based authentication technology. It is possible to know the position of the wearable device from the user's gait video signal and generate a signal that is very similar to the accelerometer's signal using dynamic equation. We compare the user's gait acceleration signal and the signal that is calculated from video of user's gait and dynamic equation with experiment data collected from eight subjects.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.323-335
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• 2015

Mobile healthcare is a fusion of information technology and biotechnology and is a new type of health management service to keep people's health at anytime and anywhere without regard to time and space. The WBAN(Wireless Body Area Network) technology that collects bio signals and the data analysis and monitoring technology using mobile devices are essential for serving mobile healthcare. WBAN consisting of users with mobile devices meet another WBAN during movement, WBANs transmit data to the other media. Because of WBAN conflict, several nodes transmit data in same time slot so a collision will occur, resulting in the data transmission being failed and need more energy for re-transmission. In this thesis, we proposed a MAC protocol for WBAN with mobility to solve these problems. First, we proposed a superframe structure for WBAN. The proposed superframe consists of a TDMA(Time Division Muliple Access) based contention access phase with which a node can transmit data in its own time slot and a contention phase using CSMA/CA algorithm. Second, we proposed a network merging algorithm for conflicting WBAN based on the proposed MAC protocol. When a WBAN with mobility conflicts with other WBAN, data frame collision is reduced through network reestablishment. Simulations are performed using a Castalia based on the OMNeT++ network simulation framework to estimate the performance of the proposed superframe and algorithms. We estimated the performance of WBAN based on the proposed MAC protocol by comparing the performance of the WBAN based on IEEE 802.15.6. Performance evaluation results show that the packet transmission success rate and energy efficiency are improved by reducing the probability of collision using the proposed MAC protocol.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.578-582
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• 2009

Purpose: In extensive deep burn of the lower limb, due to less amount of soft tissue, bone is easily exposed. When it happens, natural healing or reconstruction with skin graft only is not easy. Local flap is difficult to success, because adjacent skins are burnt or skin grafted tissues. Muscle flap or free flap are also limited and has high failure rate due to deep tissue damage. The authors acquired good outcome by performing one - stage operation on bone exposed soft tissue defect with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(LifeCell, USA), an acellular dermal matrix producted from cadaveric skin. Methods: We studied 14 bone exposed soft tissue defect patients from March 2002 to March 2009. Average age, sex, cause of burn, location of wound, duration of admission period, and postoperative complications were studied. We removed bony cortex with burring, until conforming pinpoint bone bleeding. Then rehydrated AlloDerm$^{(R)}$(25 / 1000 inches, meshed type) was applicated on wound, and thin split thickness(6 ~ 8 / 1000 inches) skin graft was done at the immediately same operative time. Results: Average age of patients was 53.6 years(25 years ~ 80 years, SD = 16.8), and 13 patients were male(male : female = 13 : 1). Flame burn was the largest number. (Flame burn 6, electric burn 3, contact burn 4, and scalding burn 1). Tibia(8) was the most affected site. (tibia 8, toe 4, malleolus 1, and metatarsal bone 1). Thin STSC with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ took without additional surgery in 12 of 14 patients. Partial graft loss was shown on four cases. Two cases were small in size under $1{\times}1cm$, easily healed with simple dressing, and other two cases needed additional surgery. But in case of additional surgery, granulation tissue has easily formed, and simple patch graft on AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ was enough. Average duration of admission period of patients without additional surgery was 15 days(13 ~ 19 days). Conclusion: AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft give us an advantage in short surgery time and less limitations in donor site than flap surgery. Postoperative scar is less than in conventional skin graft because of more firm restoration of dermal structure with AlloDerm$^{(R)}$. We propose that AlloDerm$^{(R)}$ and thin split thickness skin graft could be a solution to bone exposured soft tissue defects in extensive deep burned patients on lower extremities, especially when adjacent tissue cannot be used for flap due to extensive burn.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.287-293
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• 1999

Background: Medical treatment of multiple drug resistant(MDR) pulmonary tuberculosis has been quite unsuccessful. We analyzed our experience to identify the benefits and complications of the pulmonary resection in MDR pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and Method: A retrospective review was performed in 27 patients who unerwent pulmonary resection for MDR pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1994 and March 1998. Mean age was 40 years and the average history of diagnosis prior to surgery was 3.1 years. All had resistance to an average of 4.4 drugs, and received second line drugs selected according to the drug sensitivity test. Most patients (93%) had cavitary lesions as the main focus. Bilateral lesions were identified in 19 patients (70%), however, the main focus was recognized in one side of the lung. Eleven patients (41%) were converted to negative sputum smear and/or culture before surgery. Result: Pneumonectomy was performed in 9 patients, lobectomy in 16 and segmentectomy in 2. There was no operative mortality. Morbidity had occurred in 7 patients (26%), prolonged air leak in 3 patients, reoperation due to bleeding in 2, bronchopleural fistula in 1, and reversible neurologic defect in 1. Median follow up period was 15 months (3-45 months). Sputum negative conversion was initially achieved in 22 patients (82%), and with continuous postopertive chemotherapy negative conversion was achieved in other 4 patients (14%). Only one pneumonectized patient (4%) failed due to considerable contralateral cavity. Conclusion: For patients with localized MDR pulmonary tuberculosis and with adequate pulmonary reserve function, surgical pulmonary resection combined with appropriate pre and postoperative anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy can achieve high success rate with acceptable morbidity.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2007

Marjolin's ulcer is a rare and often-aggressive cutaneous malignancy that arises in previously traumatized or chronically inflamed skin, particularly after burns. We experienced two cases after burns. Case I involved a forty eight year-old man who had suffered from a flame burn at the parietal scalp area, where had been initially described three years earlier as a full-thickness wound including the pericranium. The man consulted us for a persistent ulcerative and infected wound on the burned lesion during the last 24 months, which turned out on the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to be the squamous cell carcinoma with involving the skull and the dura mater. Although the posterior auricular lymph node was enlarged on the ipsilateral side, recent positron emission tomography (PET) CT did not show any metastatic lesion. It was impossible for us to resect the intracranial involvement of the tumor radically, and the postoperative PET CT still showed a focal fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake around the wall of the superior sagittal sinus. We think that an aggressive combined approach is essential for treatment in early stages for a high success rate, before the intracranial structures are involved because there is no consensus on the treatment for advanced disease, and the results are generally poor. Case 1 also did not involve a radical resection because of the intracranial invasion to the wall of superior sagittal sinus and the possibility of damage to the major cortical veins. He received adjuvant radiotherapy and must be followed periodically. Case 2 involved an eighty six year-old women who suffered from a painful scalp ulcer lesion after flame burns three years earlier. Unlike case 1, neither tumor infiltration into the dura nor lymph node enlargement was observed on the contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or positron emission tomography (PET) CT. We did a radical resection of the tumor, including the involved bone, and a cranioplasty with bone cement.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2010

For the next generation mobile communication system, diverse wireless network techniques such as beyond 3G LTE, WiMAX/WiBro, and next generation WLAN etc. are proceeding to the form integrated into the All-IP core network. According to this development, Beyond 3G integrated into heterogeneous wireless access technologies must support the vertical handover and network to be used of several radio networks. However, unified management of each network is demanded since it is individually serviced. Therefore, in order to solve this problem this study is introducing the theory of Common Radio Resource Management (CRRM) based on Generic Link Layer (GLL). This study designs the structure and functions to support the vertical handover and propose the vertical handover algorithm of which policy-based and MCDM are composed between LTE and WLAN systems using GLL and CRRM. Finally, simulation results are presented to show the improved performance over the data throughput, handover success rate and the system service cost.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.116-125
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• 2009

This study is progressed function ratio, it's trued taste by an experiment to present data for human work light weight aggregate development that use clink ash progressed liquid limit, small success limit, wear loss in quantity, sand equivalent, sieve cutting examination. 80 : 20's match of function rain examination is 1.4, and that use rubble Goljae as ckink ash lightweight aggregate's capacity ratio increases by 1.0 increase of function rain many. Also, examination multiplied delicate flavor gradually according to increase of the mixing rate, and absorption coefficient increased. This is judged by phenomenon that appear by special quality upper clink ash of polystyrene bid and porosity's increase between lightweight aggregate. It is case that use aggregate of wear loss in quantity is 13.5 in sand equivalent and a wear loss in quantity experiment and although case that mix 20% increases by 14.4, this phenomenon by weak tissue of lightweight aggergate be judge. When it's as a these experiment, the statue prevention floor of a street improvement specifications is prescribing so that satisfy by sand equivalent 20, CBR 10. This is showed result that this satisfies in quality standard all in match experiment ago that see.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 2021

The seed zone is a map that describes the areas where plant material can be transferred with little risk for properly adapting to a new location. The seed zone study is largely divided into studies based on genetic data and studies based on climatic data. Can be. This study was conducted to establish a temporary domestic seed zone applicable to the entire Korean Peninsula and evaluate its possibility based on the US climate-based seed zone establishment methodology. The temporary seed zone was constructed in the same way as the US case by superimposing the data obtained by dividing the winter minimum temperature into 12 grades and the data obtained by dividing the annual heat: moisture index into 6 grades. As a result of the analysis, 65 temporary seed zones were formed throughout the Korean Peninsula, and the areas of the seed zones representing the smallest and largest areas were 3.0km² and 29,423.0km², respectively, and it was confirmed that they had an average size of about 5,064.9km². Temporary seed zones applied in Korea show a pattern of changes in temperature according to the relatively horizontal forest zone, and it was confirmed that the area where the Baekdu-daegan ecological axis is located has a tendency to show lower dryness than other areas. This study applied the US climate-based seed zone methodology in Korea as a pilot, and confirmed the climatic similarity across the Korean Peninsula. Furthermore, it is expected to provide an optimal seed map that improves the success rate of restoration in the future by revising the seed zone grade suitable for the domestic environment in consideration of the results of this study and the possibility of seed adaptation to the field survey and environmental space.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.29-59
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• 2018

This paper examines the achievements and limitations of the Moon Jae-In administration's first-year policies on non-standard employment in the public sector of Korea. The most remarkable achievement was that the transition rate of non-standard to standard positions reached the highest historical level of 42.1 percent, mainly by including for the first time temporary agency workers as a target of those policies. There also have been many steps taken to relax the qualification for transition, reduce the number of exception clauses, and expand union participation. In contrast, policy measures to address problems of low wages and inequality were very limited and not significantly different from those of previous administrations. As a result, the success of the policy paradigm shift pursued by Moon's administration will be determined by how aggressive measures are being taken in the next policy steps to improve such problems of low wages and inequality.