• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.122-128
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• 2013

This study analyzed the emergency activity daily reports and emergency instruction sheets of the research subjects and proceeded with the shockable cardiac arrest cases transported to 119 emergency units for two years before the hospital from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2011. The most frequently predicted instruction by the dispatchers at the 119 Emergency Situation Control Center was 74 cases of fainting (33.3%). Among varied types of predicted instructions, 112 cases (50.5%) like fainting, chest pain, general prostration and others were not able to be predicted while predictable instructions involved with cardiac arrest such as consciousness disorders, difficult breathing, cardiac attacks and convulsion were 110 cases (49.5%). In such cases, success rates of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) trials by eyewitnesses at predictable instructions involved with cardiac arrests were significantly higher. As mentioned, situation agents must categorize types of cardiac arrests accurately by posing questions over assessments regarding patients' consciousness and respiration in detail. The patients categorized by such methods must guide eyewitnesses to be able to do CPR. Moreover, not only emergency medical technicians who receive predictable instructions involved with cardiac arrests given by dispatchers (49.5%) but also filed emergency medical technicians who are not able to reach a precise conclusion to non-cardiac arrests on unpredictable instructions on cardiac arrests (50.5%) must prepare for situations related to cardiac arrests before being dispatched to the field.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.600-606
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• 2010

Purpose: Although traditional and current treatment strategies may demonstrate success, persistence or recurrence of difficult-to-heal wounds remain significant problems. A novel product, Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ (Fidia Advanced Biopolymer, Abano Terme, Italy) is a bilayer of an benzyl esterified hyaluronan scaffold beneath a silicone membrane. The scaffold delivers hyaluronan to the wound, and the silicone membrane acts as a temporary epidermal barrier. We present the results obtained with Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ in the treatment of difficult-to-heal wounds. Methods: From November, 2008 to March, 2010, Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ has been used on total 10 patients with wounds that were expected difficult to heal with traditional and other current strategies. After average 37.4 days from development of wounds, Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ was applied after wound debridement. On the average, Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ application period was 17.6 days. After average 16.5 days from removal of Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$, skin grafts was performed. Results: In all cases, regeneration of fibrous granulation tissues and edge re-epithelization were present after the application of the Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$. And all of the previous inflammatory signs were reduced. After skin grafts, no adverse reactions were recorded in 9 cases. But in one case, postoperative wound infection occured due to a lack of efficient fibrous tissues. In this model, the Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ acts as a hyaluronan delivery system and a barrier from the external environments. In tissue repair processes, the hyaluronan performs to facilitate the entry of a large number of cells into the wounds, to orientate the deposition of extracellular matrix fibrous components and to change the microenvironment of difficult-to-heal wounds. Conclusion: Our study suggests that Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ could be a good and feasible approach for difficult-to-heal wounds. The Hyalomatrix$^{(R)}$ improves microenvironments of difficult-to-heal wounds, reduces infection rates and physical stimulus despite of aggravating factors.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.23-32
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• 2006

In recent years, since the digital camera has been popularized, so users can easily collect hundreds of photos in a single usage. Thus the managing of hundreds of digital photos is not a simple job comparing to the keeping paper photos. We know that managing and classifying a number of digital photo files are burdensome and annoying sometimes. So people hope to use an automated system for managing digital photos especially for their own purposes. The previous studies, e.g. content-based image retrieval, were focused on the clustering of general images, which it is not to be applied on digital photo clustering and classification. Recently, some specialized clustering algorithms for images clustering digital camera images were proposed. These algorithms exploit mainly the statistics of time gap between sequent photos. Though they showed a quite good result in image clustering for digital cameras, still lots of improvements are remained and unsolved. For example the current tools ignore completely the image transformation with the different focal lengths. In this paper, we present a photo considering focal length information recorded in EXIF. We propose an algorithms based on MVA(Matching Vector Analysis) for classification of digital images taken in the every day activity. Our experiment shows that our algorithm gives more than 95% success rates, which is competitive among all available methods in terms of sensitivity, specificity and flexibility.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.174-186
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• 1996

This study was carried out in order to understand the plan, design, constructing and actual condition of management of modernized horticultural facilities in Kyungpook Province which had been constructed from 1992 to 1995 funded by Government support. The aim of this study is to provide reference data for success of the forth project. It was performed by making up a question about driving of project and management condition of equipment after constructing. The results obtained from this study are as follows: 1. 73.5% of facilities horticulture farmhouse recognized that the prospect of greenhouse is bright, but 92.5% of the farmhouse also recognised that they need technical consultation on protected horticulture farming. Therefore, technical educations would must be enhanced about foundation of greenhouse and cultivation technique. 2. The holding times of explanatory meetings, cause of understanding to farmhouse, were one or two times in greenhouse construction, and 62.5% of the farmhouse expressed the insufficiency at the explanation and educational data. For this reason, it was judged that the construction contract had been delayed more than 5 months in 49.3% of the farmhouse after the decision of project budget. 3. In constructing after a contract, the rates of construction delay is 53.4% and defect occurrence is 41.1%. The biggest reasons of construction delay was insufficiency of worker and materials supply. Each percentage is 29.1%. And the reason of defect occurrence is badness of machinery equipment(62.9% ). 4. In management of greenhouse, a pipe-constructed plastic film greenhouse changes plastic film every one and three years because of sticking dust on plastic film. It was needed to about in cleaning technique of coverings. Because that used 3-5 years only half of the expected life span. 5. The order of broken rating in the subsidiary equipment is like this lollop ventilator (42.8%), a general control system(33.3%) especially, in the case of a general control system, the rate of all family can control is 52.7%. so, it is time to develop easy control equipment which every one could use as soon as possible. 6. When choose heat generator as decide capacity, the most priority is the mount of heat generator the percent is 45.5% heat generator and as decide model, the private purchase's percent is 77.3%. It is higher than a public bidding heat generator the percent is 22.7% heat generator when it compare with a public bidding. In the case of $CO_2$ generator, using rate is only 19.0%. The using rate is very low, so it needs education how to use depends on the way of the subsidiary equipment. 7. In the case of seedlings, it is asked to use factory-processed seedling effectively. because it's difficult to get security of labors(58.8%), hoped crops (55.9%) access same crops(29.4%) much more and changing of crops depends on market situation. that is the main reason the lack of knowhow.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.406-430
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• 2007

Most pharmaceutical licensing deals are made in the early stage of drug development. While this development process is not unique for complicated technology, a special feature of drug development is that it is highly regulated and a well-defined process. Its statistics in terms of costs and chances of technical success have been researched extensively. This enables relatively detailed calculations as benchmarks for actual deals to be made. Based on such calculations and on the analysis of licensing terms in published agreements, various companies offer quite expensive information, databases, software programs and consultation services to help establish what might be reasonable economic terms in a licensing deal. Over the years, pharmaceutical royalties have been the subject of various articles in journals. Most specific on this subject was the article on determining pharmaceutical royalties. Many other articles are about a more general nature deal with determining reasonable royalty rates, evaluating and underpinning the empirical value and usefulness of the 25% rule. The object of this article is to provide a relatively simple analytical approach based on the major economic terms underlying pharmaceutical licensing deals. The aim is to enhance the understanding of the relations between the major factors involved. Details are disregarded, as generally, where the terms of licensing deals depend on predictions over a considerable length of time, the value of detail is limited. Some specific issues addressed by the approach are the impact on profits of large investments, high risks and long development times characteristic of drug development, the consequent strong impact that the ultimate sales levels and operating margins may have on what might be considered a reasonable royalty rate, and the relationship between upfront payments and milestone payments to be paid during pharmaceutical development and the royalties due once the drug enters the market.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.837-850
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• 2002

In this paper, we propose an EEG-based response time prediction method during a yes/no cognitive decision task. In the experimental task, a subject goes through responding of visual stimulus, understanding the given problem, controlling hand motions, and hitting a key. Considering the subject's varying brain activities, we model subjects' mental states with defining CT (cut time), ST (selection time), and RP (repeated period). Based on the assumption between ST and RT in the mental model, we predict subjects' response time by detection of selection time. To recognize the subjects' selection time ST, we extract 3 types of feature from the filtered brain waves at frequency bands of $\alpha$, $\beta$, ${\gamma}$ waves in 4 electrode pairs combined by spatial relationships. From the extracted features, we construct specific rules for each subject and meta rules including common factors in all subjects. Applying the ST detection rules to 8 subjects gives 83% success rates and also shows that the subjects will hit a key in 0.73 seconds after ST detected. To validate the detection rules and parameters, we test the rules for 2 subjects among 8 and discuss about the experimental results. We expect that the proposed detection method can be a basic technology for brain-computer-interface by combining with left/right hand movement or yes/no discrimination methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.234-244
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• 2007

Both competent authorities and private entrepreneurs face plenty of risks when negotiating BTO(Build Transfer Operation) methods of PPI(Private Participations in Infrastructures) projects. Also, success and failure of projects largely depend on the concession agreement contract. In this study, for more efficient negotiation, major issues are examined, and quantitatively analyzed to find out not only the relationship but also the characteristics of which these issues share. Questionnaire research was conducted through both research and by experts who were divided into an ordering agency, design company and constructor. Characteristics of major issues were quantitatively analyzed using the Likert index method, ANOVA(ANalysis of VAriance) and AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) analysis. Case studies were examined in order to estimate construction cost, rates of return, government finance support, level of operation-revenues guarantees, estimating operational costs and usage fees. With these 6 items, relative priority, relative impression which is sensible to risk and extent of difficulty in presenting data which is objective were quantitatively analyzed by the ordering agency, design company and constructor groups. From the analysis, there were some similarities between the design company and constructor groups while there was less of similarities between the ordering agency and design company or constructor. The government is diversifying the methods of project promotion, and PPI project from infrastructure-centered to public culture facilities are being expand. The current study will provide not only supporting efficient negotiation but also revitalizing PPI projects.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.25-35
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study was to optimize the thread pattern of orthodontic microimplants. Methods: In search of an optimal thread for orthodontic microimplants, an objective function stability quotient (SQ) was built and solved which will help increase the stability and torsional strength of microimplants while reducing the bone damage during insertion. Selecting the AbsoAnchor SH1312-7 microimplant (Dentos Inc., Daegu, Korea) as a control, and using the thread height (h) and pitch (p) as design parameters, new thread designs with optimal combination of hand p combination were developed. Design soundness of the new threads were examined through insertion strain analyses using 3D finite element simulation, torque test, and clinical test. Results: Solving the function SQ, four new models with optimized thread designs were developed (h200p6, h225p7, h250p8, and h275p8). Finite element analysis has shown that these new designs may cause less bone damage during insertion. The torsional strength of two models h200p6 and h225p7 were significantly higher than the control. On the other hand, clinical test of models h200p6 and h250p8 had similar success rates when compared to the control. Conclusion: Overall, the new thread designs exhibited better performance than the control which indicated that the optimization methodology may be a useful tool when designing orthodontic microimplant threads.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 2015

The voice communications with wireless backbone based networks are evolving into a packet switching VoIP systems. In those networks, a call processing scheme is required for management of subscribers and connection between them. A VoIP service scheme for those systems requires reliable subscriber management and connection establishment schemes, but the conventional call processing schemes based on the centralized server has lack of reliability. Thus, the mutual-backup architecture of SIP-servers is required to ensure efficient subscriber management and reliable VoIP call processing capability, and the synchronization and call processing schemes should be changed as the architecture is changed. In this paper, a mutual-backup architecture of SIP-servers is proposed for wireless backbone based networks. A message format for synchronization and information exchange between SIP servers is also proposed in the paper. This paper also proposes a FSM scheme for the fast call processing in unreliable networks to detect multiple servers at a time. The performance analysis results show that the mutual backup server architecture increases the call processing success rates than conventional centralized server architecture. Also, the FSM scheme provides the smaller call processing times than conventional SIP, and the time is not increased although the number of SIP servers in the networks is increased.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.686-692
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• 2001

Background : Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB) are caused by the low rate of treatment response due to limitation in number of available drugs and high rates of adverse drug side-effects. This study analysed the risk factors for MDR-TB patients, who did not respond to treatment, with an aim to improve the rate of treatment response. Methods : Retrospective study of 111 MDR-TB patients at National Mokpo Tuberculosis Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Dec. 1998 was made. The patients were separated into two groups ; group I comprised of patients who were treated successfully and group II comprised of those were not treated successfully. In order to analyze the risk factors for treatment failure, differences between the two groups were compared and the confidence limit regarding the results were tested using an independent t-test. chi-square test and a Fisher's exact test. Results : The treatment failure rate of MDR-TB patients was 32% (36 patients), and treatment success rate 68%(75 patients). This study found no significant difference between two groups in terms of age, sex, family history, extent of the disease on the chest X-ray, the number of sensitive drugs in the treatment regimen, and the number of sensitive bactericidal drugs in the treatment regimen (p>0.05). However, a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used showed a significant difference(p<0.05). Conclusion : The rate of treatment failure in MDR-TB was increased by a past history of pulmonary tuberculosis, cavitary lesions on the chest X-ray, the number of treatments, the number of resistant drugs and the number of drugs used. For improving the treatment response of MDR-TB, every effort should be made to reduce the drug resistance caused by failure of the first treatment.