• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.78-91
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• 2010

This study aims to find a way of developing the local food industry by examining CEOs who run local food restaurants. As a result of researching the local food of Daejeon and the Chungnam province, there were 106 kinds of local food. However, all the CEOs of local food restaurants were having difficulty in operating. In order to survey the local food restaurants for development devices, 450 copies of the questionnaire were distributed to man- or woman-CEOs who operate a local food restaurant in Daejeon city and the Chungnam province. Among 450 copies of the distributed questionnaire, 390 copies were collected for this study. It used a total of 370 copies as the effective samples for an empirical analysis except 20 copies with false entries among them. The result of the empirical analysis showed as follows: 1) For the recognition of the local food, there was not difference between males and females. 2) For the factor of success on the local food restaurants, both males and females answered food taste was most important. 3) For the reason why chain business of the local food restaurants was difficult, both males and females answered there were too many side dishes coming with a main dish. 4) For the way of reinforcing competitive power of the local food restaurants, most of the male respondents and all females thought there should be financial support.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.289-299
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• 2002

The bond strength is one of the most important factor in establishing long-term success of esthetic restorative dentistry. So, various restorative materials have been introduced to improve the esthetic and physical properties. Ormocer (organically modified ceramic) was developed as a result of such efforts. This study was performed to compare the shear bond strength of ormocer based adhesive with that of existing dentin adhesive. In this study $Admira^{(R)}$ and $Admira^{(R)}$ bond of the ormocer system are grouped together for ADM, Single $Bond^{(R)}$ which is an one-bottle adhesive and Z-250TM which is hybrid composite resin of BIS-GMA system for SIN, and $Definite^{(R)}$ of ormocer and Etch & $Prime^{(R)}$ 3.0 which is a self etching priming/ bonding agent for ETC. The results of this study were as follows. : (1) In the comparison of shear bond strength according to different adhesive system, shear bond strength was increased in the order of ETC group, SIN group, ADM group. There was no significant difference between ADM group and SIN group. However, there was a significant level of difference between ADM and ETC groups as well as SIN and ETC groups( p<0.05). (2) Examination by a scanning electron microscope showed a well established hybrid layer and resin tag in both ADM group and SIN group, while ETC group showed a minimal formation of the hybrid layer when compared with ADM and SIN groups. From the above results, it may be reasonable to start the clinical application of ormocer system, and it is recommended that ormocer system should be used along with an ormocer based adhesive because ormocer system showed the lower shear bond strength when it used with other existing self etching priming/bonding agent. The self etching priming/bonding agent showed relatively low shear bond strength, and it is considered that the further study should be needed.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.31-42
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• 2013

This research sheds light on the non-intrusive traits of mobile devices (Electronic Guidebook, Rememberer, I-Guides and eXspot) deployed in Exploratorium for enhancing visitor experience via case studies. In an interactive exhibition environment, non-intrusiveness was the key to supporting the immersive experience and meaning-making for visitors. The usability of hand-held devices directly impacted on the non-intrusiveness, thereby reshaping the form-factors of mobile devices. The change in from-factor has also minimized the functions of devices as the remember of museum experience. Furthermore, the role of mobile devices, which turned from a supposed multi-media guide to a mere rememberer, made them virtually impossible for realizing the "seamless visiting model" originally planned. An array of projects carried out in Exploration have achieved some degree of success such as increasing viewing time as well as reinforcing post-visit activities. However, taken from musicological perspective, increase in viewing time is by all means insufficient to be taken as proof since it is assumed to be achieved by photo-taking (i.e. MyExploratorium) rather than by interacting between visitors and exhibits. This issue --increased viewing time -- needs to be analyzed in depth. All in all, mobile devices used in Exploratorium can be defined as a learning tool/educational supporting medium based on personalization for (visitors') optimizing extended museum experience.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.280-292
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the long-term survival rate and peri-implant marginal bone loss related to multiple risk factors including the clinician's experience. Materials and Methods: Four hundred twenty implants in 146 patients, who had involved a supportive periodontal therapy program every 3 to 6 months and had follow up data for at least 5 years, were selected as the study group. Peri-implant marginal bone loss, data of demographic, implant and surgical characteristics were collected from peri-apical radiographs and chart review. Implant survival was regarded as the remaining with radiographic marginal bone level in excess of 50% of the fixture length for any reason. Results: The cumulative survival rate after 5 years of loading was 94.9%. In binary logistic regression analysis, smoking status (P = 0.033) and presence of spontaneous cover screw exposure (P < 0.001) were significantly related to 5-year survival of implants. In stepwise multiple regression analysis, smoking status (P < 0.001), type of abutment connection (P < 0.001) and implant surface (P = 0.033) were significantly related to peri-implant marginal bone level. And the year of resident was not statistically related to 5-year implant survival in simple logistic regression analysis (P = 0.171). Conclusion: Smoking status, spontaneous cover screw exposure, type of abutment connection and implant surface might influence the implant success. There was no significant correlation between the year of resident and implant failure.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.1
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• pp.230-236
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• 2001

The usual definition of and urban resort was a place vastly different from places of daily life such as a theme park or other tourist destination. At the same time, revival of the combination of usual and unusual spaces, in a way like the mixed "Hare"(Special occasion of public event) and "Ke"(Daily life) spaces of communities of old Japan, is part of the idea of urban resorts. And they are places, which start by making a comfortable urban environment for citizens, providing a daily life full of culture and promoting a city′s identity to visitors. if we think about the kinds of structural elements of urban resorts, the usual elements include community, local culture and industry, while the unusual elements include symbols, festivities and interaction. Kobe Wing Stadium is a venue for the 2002 FIFA World Cup hosted by Korea and Japan. The city will build the stadium, but after construction management will be given over to private enterprise, hoping to utilize that sector′s business know how. A competition was held to determine the private executor who would be entrusted with the planning, design, construction and management of the project, considering the conditions of the area, the stadium′s relationship to it and local revitalization. The competition was won by a private enterprise (Kobe Steel Obayashi Group). The them of "Creation of a Sports Community Park" grapples with the large issue of the facility′s relationship with the community. American geographer Yi-fu Tuan coined the word "topophilia" to indicate love of a place. No other word could better describe the desired urban resort nature of the stadium. From this historical perspective it seems that stadiums have great potential as urban resorts. The factor that will determine their success is the attitude of citizens toward them, in short whether they develop topophilia for them or not. We examined the urban resort nature of Kobe Wing Stadium. Regarding daily life, we saw the attempts to revive the local community, the possibility of deepening the local culture and the weakened state of local industry. As a place that is for more than daily life, we saw the certainty of the stadium′s symbolism, its potential as a place for festivities and the test it will face as a space for interaction. Even though several issues are left for future resolution, evaluating Kobe Wing Stadium through these elements of an urban resort, it is clearly founded in the daily life of the community while providing a venue for "Hare"occasions. Fulfilling the roles of an urban resort, it provides many opportunities for local residents to enjoy their and gives visitors a reason to come repeatedly.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-74
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• 2019

According to previous studies, it shows that the metacognitive ability that makes the positive element of the problem solver positively affects the problem-solving process of mathematics. In order to accurately grasp causality, this study investigates the specific characteristics of the meta-affect factor in the process of problem-solving. To do this, we analyzed the types and frequency of data collected from collaborative problem-solving situations composed of 4th~6th grade mathematically gifted children in small group of two. As a result, it can be seen that the type of meta-affect in the problem-solving process of mathematically gifted children is related to the correctness rate of the problem. First, regardless of the success or failure of the problem-solving, the meta-affect appeared relatively frequently in the meta-affect types in which the cognitive factors related to the context of problem-solving appeared first, and acted as the meta-functional type of the evaluation and attitude. Especially, in the case of successful problem-solving of mathematically gifted children, meta-affect showed a very active function as meta-functional type of evaluation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.182-194
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• 2008

Corporate managers look at IT outsourcing as long-term strategic choices not as short-term tactical ones, and maximizing the effect that IT outsourcing brings about is the main concern to them. Emerging different types of IT outsourcing and their effects on the corporate business decisions necessitate the research on this subject. According to previous researches, the Intent for IT outsourcing is categorized as IS Improvement, Business Impact, and Commercial Exploitation. The decison factors for these IT outsourcing include corporate strategy types, IT role, and interaction between these two. Firm size and IT maturity are selected as moderating factors to add the credibility to the research of the effect of IT outsourcing decision making. Analyzing collected data revealed that corporate strategy rather than IT role is more significant factor affecting the intent for IT outsourcing decision. Defenders(as in corporate strategy types) tend to use IT outsourcing more as a means to improve information systems, compared to analyzers and reactors. Prospectors tend to use IT outsourcing more as a commercial exploitation, compared to analyzers and reactors. These outcomes prove that corporate strategy characteristics reflect outsourcing intent. There were previous researches that showed outsourcing decision depends on IT role, however the hypothesis was rejected that IT role determines outsourcing intent. It was also rejected that the interaction between corporate strategy types and IT role determines outsourcing intent. Corporate decision makers should first analyze corporate strategy, and reflect it on the outsourcing intent when they make IT outsourcing decisions. Only the precise defining of IT outsourcing intent will lower the risk and increase the possibility of success.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 2000

Resin cements are used for cementing indirect esthetic restorations such as resin or porcelain inlays. Because of its limitations in curing of purely light cured resin cements due to attenuation of the curing light by intervening materials, dual cured resin cements are recommended for cementing restorations. The physical properties of resin cements are greatly influenced by the extent to which a resin cures and the degree of cure is an important factor in the success of the inlay. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of porcelain thickness and exposure time on the polymerization of resin cements by measuring the microhardness and the degree of conversion, to investigate the nature of the correlation between two methods mentioned above, and to determine the exposure time needed to harden resin cements through various thickness of porcelain. The degree of resin cure was evaluated by the measurements of microhardness [Vickers Hardness Number(VHN)] and degree of conversion(DC), as determined by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy(FTIR) on one light cured composite resin [Z-100(Z)] and three dual cured resin cements [Duo cement(D), 3M Resin cement(R), and Dual cement(DA)] which were cured under porcelain discs thickness of 0mm, 1mm, 2mm, 3mm with light exposure time of 40sec, 80sec, 120sec, and regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation between VHN and DC. In addition, to determine the exposure time needed to harden resin cements under various thickness of porcelain discs, the changes of the intensity of light attenuated by 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm thickness of porcelain discs were measured using the curing radiometer. The results were obtained as follows ; 1. The values of microhardness and the degree of conversion of resin cements without intervening porcelain discs were 31~109VHN and 51~63%, respectively. In the microhardness Z was the highest, followed by R, D, DA. In the degree of conversion, D and DA was significantly greater than Z and R(p<0.05). 2. The microhardness and the degree of conversion of the resin cements decreased with increasing thickness of porcelain discs, and increased with increasing exposure time, D and R showed great variation with inlay thickness and exposure time, whereas, DA showed a little variation. 3. The intensity of light through 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm porcelain inlays decreased by 0.43, 0.25, and 0.14 times compared to direct illumination, and the respective needed exposure times are 53 sec, 70 sec, and 93 sec. In D and R, 40 sec of light irradiation through 2mm porcelain disc and 80 sec of light irradiation through 3mm porcelain disc were not enough to complete curing. 4. The microhardness and the degree of conversion of the resin cements showed a positive correlationship(R=0.791~0.965) in the order of R, D, Z, DA. As the thickness of porcelain discs increased, the decreasing pattern of microhardness was different from that of the degree of conversion, however.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

We can and must improve the diagnostic images using available knowledge and technology. At the same time we must strive to reduce the patient's integral and entrance radiation dose. Reducing the integral dose to the patient during the radiologic procedure is a primary concern of the patient, especially the pediatric patient, the radiologist and the technologist. A 100cm focal film distance generally is used for most over-table radiography. The early x-ray tubes and screen film combinations required long exposures, which often resulted in motion artifacts. But nowaday, we have the generators and x-ray tubes that can deliver the energy necessary in a very short time and the receptors that can record the information just as rapidly. And, we performed this studies to evaluate the patient exposure dose and the image quality by increasing focal film distance in diagnostic radiography. There are many factors which affected to exposure factor, but we studied to verify of FFD increase, only. Effect of increasing the focal film distance to a 140 cm distance was tested as follows; 1. The focal film distances were set at 100, 120, and 140cm. 2. A 18cm acryl(tissue equivalent) phantom was placed on the table top. 3. An Capintec 192 electrometer with PM 05 ion chamber was placed at the entrance surface of the phantom, and exposure were made at each focal film distances. 4. The procedure was repeated in the same manner as above except the ion chamber was placed beneath the phantom at the film plane. 5. Exit exposure were normalize to 8mR for each portions of the experiment. Based on the success of the empirical measurements, a detailed mathematical analysis of the dose reduction was performed using the percent depth dose data. The results of this study can be summerized as followings ; 1) Increasing FFD from 100 cm to 140 cm, we would create a situation that would have a significant effect on the overall quality of radiograph and achive the 17.42% reduction of entrance dose and the 18.95% reduction of integral dose that the patient receives. 2) Thickness of Al step wedge for equal film density increased with the long distance. 3) Increasing FFD, Magnification of image was lowered. 4) Resolution of image also increased with the FFD. As the results described above, we strongly recommend using the long FFD to provide better information for our patients and profession in abdomen radiographic studies.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.131-146
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• 2007

Recently, the role of IT service providers has been enlarged from managing a single function or system to reconstructing entire information management processes in new ways to contribute to shareholder value across the enterprise. This movement toward extensive and complex outsourcing agreements has been driven by the assumption that outsourcing information technology functions is a reliable approach to maximizing resource productivity. Hiring external IT service providers to manage part or all of its information-related services helps a firm focus on its core business and provides better services to its clients, thus obtaining sustainable competitive advantage. This practice of focusing on the strategic aspect of outsourcing is referred to as strategic sourcing where the focus is capability sourcing, not procurement. Given the importance of the strategic outsourcing, however, to our knowledge, there is little empirical research on the relationship between the strategic outsourcing orientation and outsourcing performance. Moreover, there is little research on the factor that makes the strategic outsourcing effective. This study is designed to investigate the relationship between strategic IT outsourcing orientation and IT outsourcing performance and the process through which strategic IT outsourcing orientation influences outsourcing performance, Based on the framework of strategic orientation-performance and core competence based management, this study first identifies core competency orientation as a proper strategic orientation pertinent to IT outsourcing and IT outsourcing process management capability as the mediator to affect IT outsourcing performance. The proposed research model is then tested with a sample of 200 firms. The findings of this study may contribute to the literature in two ways. First, it draws on the strategic orientation - performance framework in developing its research model so that it can provide a new perspective to the well studied phenomena. This perspective allows practitioners and researchers to look at outsourcing from an angle that emphasizes the strategic decision making to outsource its IT functions. Second, by separating the concept of strategic orientation and outsourcing process management capability, this study provides practices with insight into how the strategic orientation can work effectively to achieve an expected result. In addition, the current study provides a basis for future studies that examine the factors affecting IT outsourcing performance with more controllable factors such as IT outsourcing process management capability rather than external hard-to-control factors including trust and relationship management. This study investigates the major factors that determine IT outsourcing success. Based on strategic orientation and core competency theories, we develop the proposed research model to investigate the relationship between core competency orientation and IT outsourcing performance and the mediating role of IT outsourcing process management capability on IT outsourcing performance. The model consists of two independent variables (core-competency-orientation and IT outsourcing process management capability), and two dependent variables (outsourced task complexity and IT outsourcing performance). Comprehensive data collection was conducted through an outsourcing association. The survey data were analyzed using a structural analysis method. IT outsourcing process management capability was found to mediate the effect of core competency orientation on both outsourced task complexity and IT outsourcing performance. Further analysis and findings are discussed.