• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.203-211
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• 2009

A lesser degree of research is available with respect to indoor radon characteristics associated with occupants' exposure. The present study evaluated the radon levels in several public-access buildings or underground facilities, and their temporal variation in underground facilities. Radon measurements were conducted in 2005 and 2006, utilizing a continuous radon detector. A solid alpha detector (RAD7) was utilized to measure indoor radon levels. The mean radon concentrations obtained from the building or facilities were in a descending order: platforms of Daegu subway line 2, 2005 (32 $Bq/m^3$), hot-air bathroom (14 $Bq/m^3$), basement of office building (14 $Bq/m^3$), underground parking garage (14 $Bq/m^3$), underground shop (12 $Bq/m^3$), nursery (10 $Bq/m^3$), platforms of Daegu subway line 2, 2006 (9.0 $Bq/m^3$), platforms of Daegu subway line 1, 2006 (8.9 $Bq/m^3$), supermarket (7.9 $Bq/m^3$), hospital (7.3 $Bq/m^3$), and second-floor of office building (5.7 $Bq/m^3$). In general, underground-level facilities exhibited higher radon levels as compared with ground-level facilities. It was suggested that ventilation is an important parameter regarding the indoor levels of a subway. There was a decreasing or increasing trend in hourly-radon levels in a subway, whereas no trend were observed in a basement of office building. In addition, the radon levels in the subway lines 1 and 2 varied according to the platforms. The radon levels in the present study were much lower than those of previous studies. The average annual effective dose (AED) of radiation from indoor radon exposure was estimated to be between 0.043 and 0.242 mSv/yr, depending on facility types. These AEDs were substantially lower than the worldwide average AED (2.4 mSv/yr).

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.153-161
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• 2008

The guidelines for indoor air quality of public transportations such as subway, train and bus was presented by Korean Ministry of Environment last end of year 2006 based on the great consequence of indoor air quality in daily life. Two main parameters, carbon dioxide($CO_2$) and particulate matters smaller than $10\;{\mu}m(PM_{10})$, were selected as index pollutants for the management of indoor air quality. The former pollutant, $CO_2$, is regarded as index of ventilation status and the major source of $CO_2$ in the train or subway is the exhalation of passengers. It is publically perceived that the high $CO_2$ concentration in a crowded subway will be reduced and ventilated with outdoor air by door-opening taken every 2 or 3 minutes when the train stops each station. However, there has not been any scientific proof and quantitative information on the effect of door-opening on the $CO_2$ reduction by ventilation with outdoor air. In this study, $CO_2$ concentration and number of passengers were measured at each station on the 3 lines of Korail metropolitan subway. In order to evaluate the effect of $CO_2$ reduction by door opening, the theoretical approach using the $CO_2$ balance equation was performed. By comparing the predicted data with monitoring one, the optimum $CO_2$ dilution factor was determined. For the first time, it was quantified that about 35% of $CO_2$ concentration in the subway indoor was removed by the door-opening at each station.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 화재가 발생한 전동차가 지하철 역사에 정차된 상황에서 승강장과 터널에 설치된 환기팬 작동 유무 및 전환 시간에 따른 열 및 연기 배출 특성 예측을 위하여 수치해석을 수행하였다. 환기팬 작동 방식에 따른 온도, 일산화탄소 및 가시거리 분포를 피난자의 호흡높이를 1.7m로 고려하여 비교 분석하였다. 수치해석 결과 터널 환기팬 작동으로 인하여 승강장 내의 열 및 연기가 신속히 터널부로 배출되었다. 또한 피난 진행 중에는 승강장 환기팬을 작동하고 피난이 완전히 완료된 후 터널에 설치된 환기팬을 작동하는 것이 효과적인 배연방법임을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.66-72
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 대심도 지하역사에서 화재가 발생할 시 급/배기 팬의 동작 유무에 따른 승강장에서의 열 및 연기의 거시적인 거동을 화재시뮬레이션을 통하여 분석하였다. 시뮬레이션 분석결과를 토대로 현재 설치된 급/배기 팬에 대한 제연/배연능력에 대하여 고찰하였다. 본 연구의 대상은 숭실대 입구 역사(7호선, 도시철도공사운영)이며, 숭실대 역사의 승강장은 길이 165m, 폭 23.5m, 깊이 47m 이다. 본 연구에서 전산수치해석을 위한 모델은 선로부 지하터널를 감안하여 전후 각 100m를 추가하였다. 따라서 모델링의 크기는 길이 365m, 폭23.5m, 깊이 47m 이다. 격자는 육면체 정렬격자계를 사용하였으며, 격자의 수는 대략 10,000,000 개가 사용되었다. 빠른 수치전산처리를 위하여, 병렬처리기법을 적용하였다. 본 전산수치해석에 사용된 CPU자원에 Intel 3.0GHZ Dual CPU 6개(core 12개)가 사용되었다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.527-539
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• 2018

다수의 승객들이 이용하는 지하철은 안전과 공간의 쾌적한 환경관리가 필수적이며, 2003년 이후 기준 강화로 승강장 내에 스크린도어(PSD)를 반드시 설치해야 한다. 선행연구에 따르면 지하철 화재 시에 화재연기의 배연을 위해 배연설비의 설비용량 최적설계가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 실험 결과를 바탕으로 3차원 수치해석기법을 이용하여 PSD가 설치된 승강장 내에서 화재발생 시 배연시스템 별로 CO가스와 Smoke의 유동을 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 비상시 상부 배연설비만 가동한 경우에는 CO 가스와 Smoke 농도는 653.8 ppm과 $768.4mg/m^3$로 피난 시 승객들의 위험이 큰 것으로 분석되었으며, 모든 배연설비를 가동하고 화재측 PSD만을 개방한 경우 CO 가스와 Smoke 농도 36.0 ppm 및 $26.2mg/m^3$를 보이며 화재연기의 전파범위가 줄어드는 것으로 분석되었다. 모든 배연설비를 가동하고 화재측 PSD를 미개방한 경우에는 화재연기 유입이 발생하지 않아서 대피환경에 있어 가장 효과적인 배연모드로 분석되었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.2195-2201
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• 2010

High concentration of carbon dioxide in subway cabin may cause various adverse effects on the passengers. Because carbon dioxide is produced by breathing of passengers, carbon dioxide concentration at rush-hours is extremely high. In most cases, the ventilation is not that easy for subway cars due to the high concentration of dust in tunnels. In this study, more practical way to control carbon dioxide in subway car was suggested. The decrease of carbon dioxide concentration was observed when the system was applied to a real subway car. The regenerative method for maintenance-free carbon dioxide control system was also suggested.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2006

To optimize the ventilation and smoke control systems in subway equipped with platform screen door, the technology to analyze the unsteady tunnel flow caused by running of train should be developed. The development of model experiment and numerical analysis technique with relation to unsteady flow of subway were presented. The pressure and air velocity changes in 1/20-scaling experiment unit were measured and results were comparied to those of 3-D unsteady numerical analysis applied with sharp interface method. The experimental and numerical results were quantitatively similar and it would be reasonable to apply sharp interface method to analyze the unsteady flow in subway equipped with platform screen door.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1138-1142
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• 2005

The IAQ management in subway cabin is very important for the enhancement of the amenity and health of passengers because the subway carries many passengers in a relatively short time mostly in urban area. However, since the ventilation of most subway cabins are performed by simple opening of doors at each stations, the IAQ management is not easy. In this study, we measured some IAQ factors (temperature, relative humidity, particulate matters, CO, and $CO_2$ concentration) of subway cabin in Seoul area. The results showed that the IAQ of the cabin was relatively acceptable. However, $CO_2$ concentrations were higher than 1,000 ppm in most cases. $CO_2$ concentration was mostly proportional to the number of passengers in cabin. Therefore, new method to relieve the $CO_2$ concentration is urgently required.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1641-1646
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• 2007

Subway station is installed with equipment of deficient ventilation and air purification in need of routine activity for users because projectors didn't have recognition of the importance of prevention equipment on disasters in subway stations. So if the accident in Deagu is occurred again, we can't prevent it. And it is urgently necessary to improve antique subway station for the safety and service to citizens because users were increased far more. Improvement of subway station has to be modernized the backward and antique subway station and maintained and developed by the center of traffic to give the social contribution with management of social facilities. And subway station has to be made conveniently so that everyone may use the station with one-stop system including sales, business, service equipment. This study will show the improvement plan of problem in underground space and situation of metropolitan-train history to improve metropolitan-train station .we will study a traffic line and equipment relocation of underground space considering safety by choosing the improved station and problems of the underground station in seoul. And then we will study the improvement plan of air purification and sound isolation to upgrade service in citizens.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.989-993
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• 2007

It was intended in this study to seek for the measures to utilize the USN technique, which has high usability due to low price and low power consumption, in air quality monitoring. As a method, the sensors of temperature, humidity, particulate matters (PM10), and carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) were installed in the self-manufactured sensor nodes; the nodes were installed in the waiting rooms and platforms of a subway station and the measurements were collected at real time with use of a computer which micro gateway was built in. Collected data was to be processed by the statistics program installed in the computer; the collected data is to be used in managing the air quality of stations after transmission to the ventilation system of ventilation chambers.