• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 1997

Pigments and thylakoid membrane proteins were investigated in wild type and PS I- mutants from Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 Comparing morphological features, B2 was less fluorescent than the other strains. The contents of chlorophyll a were propotional to the FNR activity in thylakoid membrane. The FNR activity of mutants was lower than that of wild type. In the result of pigments analysis, mutants had smaller cholophyll a than that of wild type. The major carotenoid was found to he $\beta$-caroene, but aeaxanthin was barely detected in thylakoid membrane of mutants. The polypeptide, 14.8kD was detected by electrophoresis in mutants. It was considered to be the modification of 15.4kD in wild type. Membrane polypeptides of 17.6 and 19.7kD were not detected in mutants. In the result of western blotting, subunit I was detected in all strains, but subunit II was barely detected in mutants. Subunit II was not detected in B2 at all. In view of the results so far achieved, the changes of contents of chlorophyll and zeaxanthin were affected by the defficiency or modification of functional domain in subunit I. Also the modification in subunit I affected the subunit II- binding site in PS I. As the result, efficiency of photosynthesis was decreased. Key words: Synechoystis sp. PCC6803, PS I - mutant, Photosynthetic efficiency, Pigment,Thylakoid membrane proteins, Subunit I, II.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.273-279
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• 1993

박테리아 Bacillus sp. K-295G-7이 생산하는 두유응고효소 I 및 II에 의한 11S globulin (glycinin)의 가수분해 패턴을 조사하였다. 효소 I 과 II에 의한 acidic subunit의 응고시간은 약 4-5 분이었다. 전기 영동의 결과, acidic subunit (A$_3$, M.W=45,000)는 효소반응 2분 이내에 완전히 가수분해되어 분자량 16,000, 20,000의 새로운 band를 형성하였다. 한편 효소 II의 작용으로 약 30,000의 분자량을 가진 분해산물을 생성하였고 효소 I 과 II의 basic subunit 에 대한 가수분해 패턴은 유사하였다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2002

식물의 광합성에 관여하는 광계 I의 protein subunit들의 연구는 최근까지도 극히 미약한 실정이며, 각각의 subunit들의 특성 또한 일부만이 밝혀져 있다. 본 연구진은 배추의 cDNA library로부터 식물에만 존재하는 subunit 중의 하나인, PSI-H subunit을 암호화하는 유전자인 bpsaH를 분리하였다. 이 유전자는 총 633 bp의 염기로 구성되어 있으며, 염기서열로부터 추정되는 분자량은 약 15,400이었고 등전점은 9.91이었다. 배추 PSI-H subunit의 아미노산 서열을 다른 식물체 유래의 단백질들과 비교분석한 결과, 시금치의 PSI-H와 가장 높은 유사성 (79.3%)을 나타내었다. 또한 bpsaH의 조직 특이적 발현 양상을 조사한 결과, 광합성 조직인 잎에서는 강하게 발현된 반면 꽃봉우리에서는 약하게 발현되었으며, 비광합성 조직인 뿌리에서는 전혀 발현되지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.308-314
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• 1994

토란에서 정제한 lectin은 적혈구 응집활성이 서로 다른 4개의 획분 (Isolectin I, II, III, IV)으로 이루어진 당단백질로서, disk 전기영동 및 densitometric pattern 상에서 I, IV는 단일한 subunit의 단백질로서, 그리고 II, III는 I, IV는 단일한 subunit의 단백질로서, 그리고 I, II는 I, IV의 fabric 단백질로서 추정되었다. 그러나, 요소 함유 disk 전기영동에서는 I은 단일의, IV는 2종류의 subunit에서, II, III은 I, IV의 subunit에서 구성된 단백질임을 알앗다. 그래서 염소함유 초점전기영동에서도 isolectin IV는 2개의 peack가 될 것이라고 예상하였으나 실제로는 1개의 peak만이 나타났다. 또한 정제 lectin은 당, 가열, pH, 변성제, 금속에 대한 적혈구 응집저해는 거의 보이지 않았으나, pepsin에 의한 부분적인 활성 변화가 관찰되었다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 1995

Molecular cloning and restriction mapping on ATPase $\alpha$-subunit gene (atpA) were carried out to obtain genomic information concerned with the gene structure and organization in Korean ginseng mitochondria. Two different clones containing the homologous sequence of atpA gene were selected from SalI and PstI libraries of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Korean ginseng. The sizes of mtDNA fragments inserted in SalI and PstI clones were 3.4 kb and 13 kb, respectively. Southern blot analysis with [$^{32}P$] labelled Oenothera atPA gene probe showed that atpA gene sequence was located in 2.0 kb XkaI fragment in PstI clone and in 1.7 kb XbaI fragment in SalI clone. A partial sequening ascertained that the SalI clone included about 1.2 kb fragment from SalI restriction site to C-terminal sequence of this gene but about 0.3 kb N-terminal sequence of open reading frame was abscent. The PstI fragment was enough large to cover the full sequence of atpA gene. The same restriction pattern of the overlapped region suggests that both clones include the same fragment of atiA locus. Data of Southern blot analysis and partial nucleotide sequencing suggested that mtDNA of Korean ginseng has a single copy of atpA gene. Key words ATPase a-subunit, mitochondrial DNA, Panax ginseng.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

Conserved domains are defined as recurring units in molecular evolution and are commonly used to interpret the molecular function and biochemical structure of proteins. Herein, the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) amino acid sequences of three species of the Ipomoea genus [Ipomoea trifida, I. triloba, and I. batatas (L.) Lam. (sweetpotato)] were identified to investigate their physicochemical and biochemical characteristics. The molecular weight, isoelectric point, instability index, and grand average of hyropathy markedly differed among the three species. The aliphatic index values of sweetpotato AGPase proteins were higher in the small subunit than in the large subunit. The AGPase proteins from sweetpotato were found to contain an LbH_G1P_AT_C domain in the C-terminal region and various domains (NTP_transferase, ADP_Glucose_PP, or Glyco_tranf_GTA) in the N-terminal region. Conversely, most of its two relatives (I. trifida and I. triloba) were found to only contain the NTP_transferase domain in the N-terminal region. These findings suggested that these conserved domains were species-specific and related to the subunit types of AGPase proteins. The study may enable research on the AGPase-related specific characteristics of sweetpotatoes that do not exist in the other two species, such as starch metabolism and tuberization mechanism.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.41-51
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• 1994

The topology of the enzyme has been investigated by biochemical studies including chemical labeling and cross linking. Thirteen subunits(polypeptides) of the cytochrome-c-oxidase have localistic characteristics of existing in the matrix side or cytoplasmic side in the mitochondria. In order to observe the distribution of the enzyme subunit on the mitochondria membrane, immunogold-labeling methods were employed. Antibody was obtained from the serum of immunized rabbit with enzyme subunit antigen which was obtained from cytochrome-c-oxidase of the beef heart muscle mitochondria. Beef heart muscle tissue as a tissue antigen was stained with immunized rabbit IgG and protein A gold complex. Electron microscopy has identified the existance of cytochrome-c-oxidase subunit $Mt_I,\;Mt_{II}\;and\;Mt_{III}$ on the membrane of cristae and outer chamber of mitochondria and the subunit $C_{IV}$ on the membrane of cristae and matrix of mitochondria. Particularly, the subunit $C_{IV}$ was also observed to exist in the sarcoplasm of muscle tissue.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2000

In order to clarify the role of gonadal sex steroids in the synthesis of gonadotropin (GTH) subunits in immature rainbow trout, we examined in vitro and in vivo effects of testosterone (T) on the pituitary mRNA levels of GTH I $\beta$, GTH II$\beta$ and a subunits by Northern blot analysis and on the pituitary content levels of GTH I$\beta$ and GTH II$\beta$by radioimmunoassay (RIA). The mRNA levels of the a subunit in T-treated fish were not changed more dramatically than those in control fish both in vivo and in vitro. Interestingly, the mRNA levels of GTH I$\beta$ in T-treated fish were shown to be slightly lower than those in the control fish under these experimental conditions, but no differences were observed in pituitary GTH I$\beta$ contents. In contrast, the mRNA levels and pituitary contents of GTH II$\beta$ subunit were strongly increased by T both in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrate that the expressions of GTH I$\beta$ and II$\beta$ subunit genes in immatue rainbow trout pituitary are subjected to differential regulation by T.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.291-299
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• 2000

Morphine or butorphanol was continuously infused into cerebroventricle (i.c.v.) with the rate of $26\;nmol/{\mu}l/h$ for 3 days, and the withdrawal from opioid was rendered 7 hrs after the stopping of infusion. The expression of physical dependence produced by these opioids was evaluated by measuring the naloxone-precipitated withdrawal signs. The withdrawal signs produced in animals dependent on butorphanol (kappa opioid receptor agonist) were similar to those of morphine (mu opioid receptor agonist). Besides the behavioral modifications, opioid withdrawal affected G protein expression in the central nervous system. The G-protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ has been implicated in opioid tolerance and withdrawal. The effects of continuous infusion of morphine or butorphanol on the modulation of G protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ mRNA were investigated by using in situ hybridization study. In situ hybridization showed that the levels of $G\;{\alpha}s$ and $G\;{\alpha}i$ were changed during opioid withdrawal. Specifically, the level of $G\;{\alpha}s$ mRNA was decreased in the cortex and cerebellar granule layer during the morphine and butorphanol withdrawal. The level of $G\;{\alpha}i$ mRNA was decreased in the dentate gyrus and cerebellar granule layer during the morphine withdrawal. However, the level of $G\;{\alpha}i$ mRNA was significantly elevated during the butorphanol withdrawal. These results suggest that region-specific changes of G protein ${\alpha}-subunit$ mRNA were involved in the withdrawal from morphine and butorphanol.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.16.1-16.19
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• 2023

Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine is the only licensed vaccine for tuberculosis (TB) prevention. Previously, our group demonstrated the vaccine potential of Rv0351 and Rv3628 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection by directing Th1-biased CD4⁺ T cells co-expressing IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 in the lungs. Here, we assessed immunogenicity and vaccine potential of the combined Ags (Rv0351/Rv3628) formulated in different adjuvants as subunit booster in BCG-primed mice against hypervirulent clinical Mtb strain K (Mtb K). Compared to BCG-only or subunit-only vaccine, BCG prime and subunit boost regimen exhibited significantly enhanced Th1 response. Next, we evaluated the immunogenicity to the combined Ags when formulated with four different types of monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL)-based adjuvants: 1) dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide (DDA), MPL, and trehalose dicorynomycolate (TDM) in liposome form (DMT), 2) MPL and Poly I:C in liposome form (MP), 3) MPL, Poly I:C, and QS21 in liposome form (MPQ), and 4) MPL and Poly I:C in squalene emulsion form (MPS). MPQ and MPS displayed greater adjuvancity in Th1 induction than DMT or MP did. Especially, BCG prime and subunit-MPS boost regimen significantly reduced the bacterial loads and pulmonary inflammation against Mtb K infection when compared to BCG-only vaccine at a chronic stage of TB disease. Collectively, our findings highlighted the importance of adjuvant components and formulation to induce the enhanced protection with an optimal Th1 response.