• Membrane Journal
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 2006

The permeation experiments were carried out for the submerged membrane module equipped with self-designed rotating disks in order to determine the effect of fouling reduction and the optimum operating conditions as a function of operating time. Kaolin and bentonite particles were used to prepare various concentrations of feed solution. Every experiment was continued until 60 minutes at various rotating disk speeds up to 120 rpm. The suction pressure for kaolin solutions decreased to 28% by using rotating disk to decrease the fouling. Also, the optimum permeation flux decreased as kaolin concentration increased, and became 60 to 70 LMH for 0.4 wt% of kaolin solution. The suction pressure for bentonite experiment approached to 0 mmHg at 30 LMH and above 80 rpm rotating disk speed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.571-582
• /
• 2019

This study aimed to assess the feasibility on the wide and long 9%Ni steel plate for use in the LNG storage inner tank shell. First, 5-m-wide and 15-m-long 9%Ni steel plates were test manufactured from a steel mill and specimens taken from the plates were tested for strength, toughness, and flatness to verify their performance based on international standards and design specifications. Second, plates with a thickness of 10 mm and 25 mm, a width of 4.8~5.0 m, and a length of 15 m were test fabricated by subjecting to pretreatment, beveling, and roll bending resulting in a final width of 4.5~4.8 m and a length of 14.8m with fabrication errors identical to conventional plates. Third, welded specimens obtained via shield metal arc welding used for vertical welding of inner tank shell and submerged arc welding used for horizontal welding were also tested for strength, toughness and ductility. Fourth, verification of shell plate material and fabrication was followed by test erection using two 25-mm-thick, 4.5-m-wide and 14.8-m-long 9%Ni steel plates. No undesirable welding failure or deformation was found. Finally, parametric design using wide and long 9%Ni steel plates was carried out, and a simplified design method to determine the plate thickness along the shell height was proposed. The cost analysis based on the parametric design resulted in about 2% increase of steel weight; however, the construction cost was reduced about 6% due to large reduction in welding work.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.644-653
• /
• 1991

A wave instability problem is formulated for natural convection flows adjacent to a inclined isothermal surface in pure water near the density extremum. It accounts for the nonparallelism of the basic flow and temperature fields. Numerical solutions of the hydrodynamic stability equations constitute a two-point boundary value problem which are accurately solved using a computer code COLSYS. Neutral stability results for Prandtl number of 11.6 are obtained for various angles of inclination of a surface in the range from-10 to 30 deg. The neutral stability curves are systematically shifted toward modified Grashof number G=0 as one proceeds from downward-facing inclined plate(.gamma.<0.deg.) to upward-facing inclined plate (.gamma.>0.deg.). Namely, an increase in the positive angle of inclination always cause the flows to be significantly more unstable. The present results are compared with the results for the parallel flow model. The nonparallel flow model has, in general, a higher critical Grashof number than does the parallel flow model. But the neutral stability curves retain their characteristic shapes.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.27-34
• /
• 1988

The objective of this paper is to investigate the effect of residual stress on fatigue crack growth behavior. For this purpose, submerged arc welding was performed on SM50A steel plate and post weld heta treatment (PWHT) was followed. Residual stress distribution on the weld plate was determined by a hole drilling method and a series of .DELTA.P-const. and .DELTA.K-decreasing fatigue test were performed on the three different regions, i.e. weld metal, HAZ and base metla. Following conclusins were achieved. 1. In "as welded" specimens, tensile residual stresses were produced in the center portion of the specimen while compressive residual stresses were produced near the edges. In PWHT specimens, however, most of the residual stresses were disappeared. 2. The fatigue crack growth behavior in low .DELTA.K region was considerably affected by the presence of residual stress in both "as welded" and PWHT specimens. 3. Because of the relaxation of residual stresses in PWHT condition, the values of m increased from 2.62-2.78 (in the "as welded" condition) to 3.57-3.91 (in the "PWHT" condition)3.91 (in the "PWHT" condition)condition)

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.14 no.9
• /
• pp.642-648
• /
• 2004

The microstructure and crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) of deposit weld metal were investigated for a 30 mm- thick plate welded with flux cored arc welding (FCAW) and submerged arc welding (SAW) processes. The CTOD test was carried out both as welded condition and as stress-relieved specimen by local compression. The crack growth rates in FCAW were faster than those in a SAW, and the acicular ferrite content by the SAW process was increased relatively more than that by the FCAW process. The fatigue crack growth rate in a welded specimen was faster than that in locally compressed specimen. The CTOD value of locally compressed specimens was lower than that of as welded specimen. Furthermore, the CTOD value tested with the SAW process was higher than that tested with the FCAW process.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.561-567
• /
• 1987

The purpose of this study was to find out the removal capacity of harmful ammonia by different filter media in the submerged biological filters in a given space of chamber. Four materials, pile cloth, corrugated skylight roofing plate, embossed plastic plate, and gravel, were used as the experimental filter media. Each filter medium was placed in two aquariums, each aquarium measuring $90cm\times60cm\times60cm\;(depth)$. Under the normal operating condition, the average of mean ammonia removal rates during the first and second functioning periods by each filter material which occupied tile space in the filter chamber (aquarium) was as follows: 1. Pile cloth: $8.381\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 2. Corrugated skylight roofing plate: $7.834\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 3. Embossed plastic plate: $7.797\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ 4. Gravel: $7.051\;g{\cdot}m^{-3}.\;day^{-1}$ Thus, there were no significant differences between the media, but at the time of practical application of these materials, some other factors such as investment cost, easiness for the removal of excess detritus accumulated in tile interstices of filter media, etc. should be fallen into consideration. When large units are required, in particular, removal of excess detritus from tile gravel bed is extremely difficult, and in case of pile cloth filters the installation work is much complicated and a problem in supporting the structure when drained also exists. In these respects, corrugated skylight roofing plate and embossed plastic plate seem to be more optimal, but again in practice the local situation for the availability and the price of the materials should be rechecked and the fitness of tile materials in the particular filter chambers under use or under consideration for construction must be taken into account.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
• /
• 2001.06e
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2001

An experimental study was carried out to identify the various regimes of natural convective boiling and to determine the Critical Heat Flux(CHF) on a 70mm square surface which is inclined at $180^{\circ}$(upward), $90^{\circ}, \;45^{\circ}$. The heater block made of copper with cartridge heaters is submerged in a water tank with windows for visualization. As the heat flux increases from $100kW/m^2$ to $1.1MW/m^2$, the heat transfer regime migrates from the nucleate boiling to film boiling and results in a rapid heat up of the heater block. An explosive vapor generation on the heated surface, whose size and frequency are characterized by the heat flux, is visualized by using a digital camcorder with $512{\times}512$ pixel size at 30fps.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.27 no.6
• /
• pp.653-659
• /
• 2003

The main objective of this study is to estimate the hydrodynamic forces and to investigate the nonlinear behaviors of fluid motion around the oscillating body on or below a free surface. We have developed a composite grid method to solve the radiation problems. This method is applied to numerical computation of the radiation forces generated by the oscillating body. The numerical results obtained by the present method are compared with the experimental data and a linear potential theory. As a result, we can confirm the accuracy of the present method. Finally, we have evaluated the effect of viscosity on the hydrodynamic forces acting on the oscillating body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
• /
• 1996.05b
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 1996

The pool-boiling critical heat flux (CHF) of water on small flat plates has been experimentally investigated focusing on the effects of the inclination angle and size of the heated surface under near atmospheric pressure. The second-phase experiment was accomplished to find out the general CHF behavior for over-all inclination angles from -90$^{\circ}$ to 90$^{\circ}$using two plate-type test sections (30$\times$150 mm and 40$\times$150 mm) submerged in a slightly subcooled water pool. Test results generally confirm the first-phase findings and show little effect of inclination angle for inclined upward-facing cases. CHF position moves to lower position with the increase of the heater characteristic size and inclination angle(from -30$^{\circ}$to 60$^{\circ}$).

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.8-17
• /
• 1995

LNG를 저장할 수 있는 탱크는 주로 지상식이거나 반지하식이며 그 용량은 매우 다양하다. 우리나라에서는 지상식 탱크가 평택 인수기지에 10만m$^{3}$급 Membrane Type 6기가 건설되었고 1기는 거의 완성단계이며, 현재 추가로 건설 중인 3기를 포함하면 총 10기의 탱크를 확보하게 된다. 또한 제2인수기지인 인천에도 동급 으로서 9%Ni강을 사용하는 Double Wall Type LNG 탱크 3기를 건설 중이다. 전세계적 으로 볼 때 LNG 저장 탱크의 78%는 지상식으로 Double Wall Type 또는 Membrane 저장 탱크 형식을 취하고 있으나, 최근에는 안전성 측면, 토지 가격의 상승, 토지의 합리적 이용 측면 등을 감안하여 LNG 탱크를 지하화, 대형화하는 추세이다. 본고에서는 Fig. 1과 같은 구조의 Double Wall Type LNG 저장탱크 중 초저온의 LNG에 직접 접하는 저 온용 재료(9%니켈강)로 만들어지는 내조 용접에 대해서 중점적으로 논하기로 하며, 특히 9% 니켈강 Shell Plate Horizontal Joint에 채용되는 Automatic Submerged ARC 용접에 대해 실제 현장 용접 시공상태를 나타내고자 한다.