• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.18-24
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• 2010

Submerged rubble structures include artificial reef and the mound part of the rubble mound breakwater. Artificial reef is a type of the submerged wave absorbing structure installed in a coastal zone to prevent beach erosion and designed to initially reduce the energy of incoming waves so that its run-up height and overtopping quantity can be decreased. In order to ascertain the stability of such submerged rubble structures, minimum weight of the rubble has to be calculated first from the incoming wave height using Hudson's formula or Brebner-Donnelly formula. Based on the calculated minimum weight, a model is built for use in a hydraulic model test carried out to check its stability. The foregoing two formulas used to calculate the minimum weight are empirically derived formulas based on the result of the tests on the rubble mound breakwater and it is, therefore, difficult for us to apply them directly in the calculation of the minimum weight of the submerged structures. Accordingly, this study comes up with a numerical simulation method capable of deformation analysis for rubble structures. This study also tries to identify the deformation mechanism of the submerged rubble structures using the numerical simulation. The method researched through this study will be sufficient for use for usual preparations of the design guidelines for submerged rubble structures.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.589-595
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• 2007

In the majority of previous studies on deformation of seabed structures using DEM, elements of structures have been assumed that it is composed with uniform materials or received fixed wave force, despite that actual submerged structures are composed with various size materials and influenced by complicated fluid field. The goal of this study is to develop a new model for analysis of seabed structure deformation using discontinuous structures composed with various size materials. As the first phase, a model using DEM and VOF, which can compute the deformation of submerged structures composed with various size materials, such as rubble mound structures, is proposed. A model test is carried out and then the validity of the model is discussed.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.217-220
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• 2008

The reflection coefficients and the run-up heights affected by submerged structures are studied by using the numerical and the laboratory experimental methods. The three-point method is chosen to calculate the reflection coefficients in both the experimental and the numerical methods. The results of numerical simulations are shown a good agreement with laboratory measurements. The reflection coefficients increase and the run-up heights decrease when the rubble mound breakwater is defended by low-crested structures.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.497-507
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• 2020

Tetrapod로 피복된 경사형 수중구조물을 대상으로 파랑의 전파현상을 검토하기 위해 2차원 수리실험을 수행하였다. 수리실험은 수중구조물의 서로 다른 상대여유수심, 상대여유고, 상대상단폭 및 파형경사 등을 적용하여 수행되었다. 수리실험결과를 이용하여 경사형(부분투과형) 수중구조물에 대한 파고전달계수 산정식을 제안하였다. 제안된 경험식은 경사형 수중구조물의 파고전달계수를 충분한 정도로 예측함을 확인하였으며, 기존 경험식을 개선하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.528-534
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• 2003

The 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have been concerned with the slability/function characteristics of the structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and the wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. So, to investigate the variation characteristics of the wave transmission ratio which depended on a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width were obviously presented. In summary, the results lead us to the conclusion that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is higher than about 4 times the degree at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of the covering block at the crest generated at the region which was located between the maximum and minimum damage curve, and it's maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure was $0.2\;L_s.$ As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When the maximum scour depth happened, the destruction of the covering block which was located at the toe generated at the front of the submerged rubble-mound breakwater. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of the structure may be obtained by the efficient decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of the wave transmission ratio.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.785-791
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• 2007

In this paper we proposed a model that the deformation of the submerged rubble mound breakwaters composed with materials of various size, induced by wave action, can be computed. The water particle kinematics by waves in porous mound structure are computed by CADMAS-SURF, then the deformation of structure is computed using DEM module. To investigate the interaction of wave and sectional deformation of structures, analysis is accomplished by two steps. Analysis at the first step is executed with incipient mound. And analysis at the second step is executed with deformed mound by wave action. Furthermore, behaviors of materials are influenced by various properties such as the contact stiffness and the friction angle. Therefore, in order to present the behavior of the element caused by various properties, computations are accomplished with random coefficients by using the Monte Carlo simulation.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.187-197
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• 2007

연안 구조물을 보호하기 위한 대책의 하나인 수중 구조물의 성능을 검토하기 위하여 수리모형실험을 수행하였다. 기존의 연구에서 효율이 가장 좋은 것으로 알려진 직사각형 형태의 수중 구조물을 사석 경사식 방파제 전면에 설치한 후 다양한 유의파고, 유의주기 및 수중 구조물의 높이에 대하여 반사율과 사석 경사식 방파제 전면에서의 처오름 높이를 도출하였다. 본 연구결과, 반사계수는 유의파고보다 유의주기에 대해 상대적으로 더 큰 영향을 받음을 알 수 있었다. 수중 구조물로 인한 파의 차단 및 쇄파 발생으로 인하여 사석 경사식 방파제 전면에서의 처오름 높이는 ${^{RU}}_{2%}$를 이용하여 계산하면 대략 28% 정도 감소하였고 ${^{RU}}_{33%}$로 계산할 경우 약 26%정도 감소됨을 확인하였다. 전반적으로 반사율이 증가함에 따라 처오름 높이는 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 수중구조물의 높이가 높을수록 반사율은 증가하지만 방파제로 인한 반사파가 수중구조물에 의해 재반사 되므로 결과적으로 처오름 높이는 그다지 감소하지 않음을 보였다. 그러므로 수중 구조물을 설계 및 설치 시 다양한 측면에서 경제성이나 효율성을 충분히 고려할 필요가 있다.

• 한국방재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국방재학회 2008년도 정기총회 및 학술발표대회
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• pp.225-228
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• 2008

There are many studies about submerged structures or porous wave absorbers to decrease damage of coast and structures. Submerged structures and porous wave absorber are decreasing energy of incoming wave by reflecting or dissipation with changing depth or with porous rubble mound. This study addresses the reflection and transmission of long wave from a trapezoidal breakwater and a vertical porous wave absorber at the same time. A systematic shape transfer is derived to determine wave reflection and transmission. And periodic solutions are matched at the slope and the front face of the absorber by assuming continuity of pressure and mass. The transmission coefficient is determined as a function of parameters describing the incoming waves, transmitting waves through the trapezoidal breakwater and the absorber characteristics.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.213-219
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• 2003

As the 2-D hydraulic experimental results for the submerged rubble-mound structure, we have concerned with their stability/function characteristics of structures by the effects of wave force, scour/deposition at the toe and wave transmission ratio at the lee-side sea. And as to investigate the variation characteristics of wave transmission ratio which depended to a geometrical structure of the submerged breakwater profiles, the critical conditions for the depth of submergence and crest width obviously presented. In summary, there results lead us to the conclusions that the wave control capabilities of submerged breakwaters by the variation of the submergence depth is high about 4 time degrees at the efficiency than the that of crest width. The destruction of covering block at the crest generated at the region which located between maximum damage curve, it maximum damage/failure station from the toe of the structure were 0.2L. As the wave transmission coefficient and the slope of the structure increase, the damage/failure ratio and the maximum scour depth at the toe was extended, respectively. When maximum scour depth happened. The destruction of covering block which located at the toe generated at the front slope destruction. Finally, it was found from the results that the optimization of structure may be obtained by the efficiently decision of the submergence depth and crest width in the permissible range of wave transmission ratio.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권5B호
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• pp.563-572
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• 2006

현재 해안구조물의 설계시에는 현지관측을 토대로 한 Goda식(Goda, 1974)과 같은 경험식이나 2차원적인 수리수치모형실험을 통한 파력값을 많이 사용하고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 2차원 해석결과들은 실해역에 설치된 구조물의 평면배치형상에 따라 변화하는 작용파력의 3차원 구조를 재현하기에는 무리가 있는 듯 하다. 특히, 혼성방파제와 같은 대형구조물의 항외측과 항내측에서 위상차가 발생하는 경우에는 구조물의 단면별로 파력이 각기 다르게 작용할 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구에서는, 해안구조물에 작용하는 파력의 3차원구조를 명확히 하기 위하여, 투과성구조물 및 쇄파현상에도 적용이 가능한 기존의 수치해석기법(Hur and Mizutani, 2003)에 Large Eddy Simulation(LES)기법을 도입한 새로운 3차원 수치해석기법을 제안하였으며, 이 기법을 이용하여 얻어진 잠제상 구조물에서의 작용파력 계산치를 기존의 수리모형실험치와 비교한 결과, 좋은 일치성을 확인하였다. 또한, 대형해안구조물 중 혼성방파제를 본 연구의 대상구조물로하여, 사석마운드로의 투과 및 개구부로의 회절의 영향으로 인해 발생하는 위상차를 고려한 3차원 파력구조에 관해 논의하였으며, 2차원 해석으로는 규명할 수 없었던 3차원적인 동적 파력특성을 파악할 수 있었다.