• 아동학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.137-156
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• 2014

The current study examined the relations between sixth-grade elementary school children's perceptions of daily hassles, optimistic thinking, and subjective well-being. This study also investigated the moderating effect of optimistic thinking on the relationship between daily hassles and subjective well-being. A total of 474 sixth-grade elementary school children participated in this study. First, children's daily hassles were negatively related to optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. As children perceived higher levels of daily hassles, they showed lower levels of optimistic thinking and subjective well-being. Children's optimistic thinking was positively related to subjective well-being. Second, children's optimistic thinking moderated the relations between daily hassles and subjective well-being. Specifically, for children with higher levels of optimistic thinking, their subjective well-being decreased with increasing levels of daily hassles related to parents and teachers. However, for children with lower levels of optimistic thinking, there was no relation between daily hassles and subjective well-being. These findings suggest that optimistic thinking could be an important means by which we could improve children's subjective well-being, especially when they experience higher levels of daily hassles.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.395-404
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of positive thinking and subjective happiness on school adaptation in nursing students. Methods: Data were collected by questionnaires from 282 nursing students in the month of November 2013. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: A positive correlation was found for school adaptation with positive thinking and subjective happiness. Positive thinking, subjective happiness, and major satisfaction were all significant predictors of school adaptation. The model explained 30.2% of the valuables. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that positive thinking should be considered when developing strategies to increase school adaptation in nursing students.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.435-444
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• 2017

본 연구는 간호대학생의 자기효능감, 긍정적 사고, 주관적 행복감 정도를 파악하고, 자기효능감, 긍정적 사고가 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 2016년 4월 4일부터 2016년 4월 22일까지 D 시에 위치한 4년제 간호학과 학생을 대상으로 연구에 동의한 265명의 자료를 수집하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0 프로그램을 이용하여 실수, 백분율, 평균과 표준편차, t-test와 ANOVA, Pearson 상관계수(correlation coefficients, multiple regression)으로 분석하였다. 연구결과, 주관적 행복감은 자기효능감(r=.448, p<.001), 긍정적 사고(r=.677, p<.001)와 통계적으로 유의한 양의 상관관계가 있었고, 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감에 영향 미치는 요인은 자기효능감(${\beta}=.023$, p<.01), 긍정적 사고(${\beta}=.610$, p<.001) 이었으며, 이들 요인들은 주관적 행복감을 48.7% 설명하였다. 결론적으로 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감에 큰 영향을 미치는 요인은 긍정적 사고로 나타났으며, 이러한 연구결과는 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감을 증진시키는 전략을 개발하는데 유용하게 활용될 것이다. 향후 대상자를 확대하여 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감을 설명할 수 있는 후속연구를 제언한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2021

본 연구는 간호대학생의 사회적 지지, 긍정적 사고와 주관적 행복감 간의 관계를 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료 수집은 K지역의 2개 대학 2학년부터 4학년까지의 간호대학생 140명을 대상으로 하였으며, 자료 수집 기간은 2019년 6월 3일부터 7월 9일까지 진행 되였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS(ver. 21.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA)를 이용하여 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결과 대상자의 사회적 지지 정도는 3.86점, 긍정적 사고 정도는 3.52점, 주관적 행복감 정도는 4.68점이었다. 각 변수의 하위영역 중, 사회적 지지에서는 정서적 지지가 3.92점으로 가장 높았고, 긍정적 사고에서는 목표추구가 3.69점으로 가장 높았다. 또한 주관적 행복감 문항 중 가장 높은 점수는 '일반적으로 행복하다'가 4.92점으로 가장 높았다. 간호대학생의 사회적 지지는 긍정적 사고(r=.48, p<.001)와 주관적 행복감(r=.49, p<.001)에 유의한 정적 상관관계로 나타났다. 또한 긍정적 사고는 주관적 행복감과 유의한 정적 상관관계(r=.69, p<.001)를 보였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 간호대학생의 주관적 행복감을 증진시킬 수 있도록 사회적 지지와 긍정적 사고를 향상시킬 수 있는 프로그램 개발을 제안한다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.260-273
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• 2013

This study aims to reflect experts' opinions in analyzing a design thinking as foundation of multidisciplinary education. For this purpose, a delphi survey was conducted with 20 experts in three sessions from May 1 to June 25, 2012. To analyze the collected data, descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, the mean, and standard deviation were implemented, and internal reliability test on the survey instrument was carried out for statistical processing. The main results are as follows : First, the delphi analysis on intuitive thinking of design thinking suggested 7 items(to pursue the possibility of outside, to pursue the possibility of applying new forms of technology, content planning, facing a complex real-world phenomena etc.). Second, the delphi analysis on logical thinking of design thinking suggested 7 items(executed repeatedly, reasoning and verification, artificial intelligence, a decision support system etc.) Third, the delphi analysis on subjective thinking of design thinking suggested 9 items(user experience measuring, user satisfaction ratings, user requirements analysis, user interface design, behavioral responses of the human etc.). Fourth, the delphi analysis on objective information of design thinking suggested 8 items(information management system, simulation, production process, information exchange and sharing etc.). According to the results of the delphi analysis, design thinking can be seen as the foundation of multidisciplinary education. Suggestions were made for discussion about the main results and further researches.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 1995년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.18-26
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• 1995

To quantify a mental workload for office workers, nine element tasks were classified for office work. There were oral comprehension, written comprehension, oral expression, written expression, calculation, memorization, thinking, and classification materials. Among nine element tasks, oral comprehension, written comprehension, written expression, and thinking were selected and the degrees of conflicts between concurrently performed element tasks were measured and analyzed through the experiment. The measures were performance and subjective rating. The results were as follows. The written comprehension- written expression pair was showed the highest conflict value in terms of performance and subjective rating. The written comprehension-thinking pair was the lowest conflict value in terms of performance, while the oral comprehension-thinking pair was the lowest condlict value in terms of performance, while the oral comprehension- written expression pair was the lowest conflict value in terms of subjective rating. The findings are expected to be used for assessing workload for the office work.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.93-108
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affected to physical functions, activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The subjects for this study, 236 persons, 65 years and over, who were living at rural area in Chun-Cheon city. This survey was carried out from march 3rd to April 25th, 1998. The data was analysed by using SPSS PC+ program. The results were as follows. 1.The variables that were related to the conditions of physical functions were as follows; age, sex, educational level among the general characteristics; raising ways of money, monthly using money for life, states of pocket money, obtaining method of pocket money, state of weight, problems in mind, whether or not chronic illness among socio ㆍeconoㆍphysical conditions; the level of satisfactions in life, subjective condition of health among the subjective thinking ; controlling state in smoking and drinking of alcohol among the lifestyles for promoting health. But the variables for medical utilization were not related to the level of physical function. 2. The variables that were associated with the condition of ADLs were as follows; age among the general characteristics; monthly using money for life, working amount among the socioㆍeconoㆍphysical conditions; subjective conditions of health among the subjective thinking. But The variables for medical utilization, lifestyle for promoting health were irrelevant to the conditions of ADLs. 3. The variables that were related to the conditions of IADLs were as follows; age, educational level among the general characteristics; raising ways of money, monthly using money for life, resident type in the household, procurement method of pocket money, level of weight, problems in mind, wether or not chronic illness among socioㆍeconoㆍphysical condition; regularity of health checking among lifestyles for promoting health; kinds of utilizing medical agent among the variables about utilization patterns of medical agencies; subjective condition of health among the subjective thinking In this study, in the aged there were related factors of physical and life functions, were age, working amount, subjective condition of health.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.394-401
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• 2020

Purpose: The present study is an analysis of the extents of class satisfaction of college students who had applied the design thinking technique to capstone design class. Methods: The experimental method involved an analysis of 122 cases of data where advance and post replies were performed for the subject by students who had applied the design thinking technique and students who had not. The students involved had attended the capstone design class as a junior in the Department of Dental Technology at D University. Results: In the satisfaction with performance process of the capstone design class, five questions among nine had a high positive rating, while all eight questions on the satisfaction with performance methods had a high negative rating. Among ten questions on subjective learning outcomes, six showed a high positive rating. After the application of the design thinking class method, all mean values of the group with the application were higher than the group with no application in satisfaction with performance process, satisfaction with performance method, and subjective class outcomes. Hence, the design thinking class did have positive effects on the students' improvement of class. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it is implied that the considerations about diverse class composition methods and operation methods capable of improving the students' satisfaction are needed for efficient operation of the capstone design class.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 및 국제감성 심포지엄
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• pp.67-69
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• 2007

Customary way of thinking may be the most major stumbling block to creative thinking in basic design education in the information and network era. The basic design education was used to be based on personal experience or subjective ideas, but these days, the role of divergent thinking and convergent thinking which provide the basis of creative techniques has been closely examined. Going beyond a divergent thinking and directly starting a convergent thinking means bypassing the design process of the existing basic design education. Though preceding studies considered various creative techniques apart from divergent thinking and convergent thinking, this study presumed that complementing the most typical methods of divergent thinking and convergent thinking may result in the same basic design education effect. So, what approach must be used to the design? The way of thinking needs to change. For that, we try to apply the mapping to basic design education. It must encompass interactive thinking which includes immaterial elements and communication. Divergent thinking can begin with the accurate understanding of current state, and the created current state resolves the design process that needs to be a certain thing. The purpose of this study was to present the method for applying the mapping techniques to basic design education based on divergent and convergent thinking which provides the basis of creative ideas.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-62
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze learning satisfaction, critical thinking disposition, learning attitude and motivation between Problem Based Learning and Subjective Based Learning. Method: The research was performed between September and December, 2005 and 2006, including the development of PBL packages and their application. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 13.0. An independent t-test, $X^2$-test, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient were performed to compare the two groups on each of the measures. Result: There were no statistically significant differences among participants in the two groups according to general characteristics. However, The PBL group scored significantly higher on learning satisfaction, critical thinking disposition, learning attitude and motivation. Conclusion: This study contributes to our understanding of student outcomes of the PBL approach compared to the SBL approach. PBL needs to be extended over individual nursing courses for the unification of related courses and a curriculum.