• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.23-32
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• 2015

Objectives: The main objectives of this research is to reveal the mediating effects of subjective health rates on the relationship between stress and life satisfaction of the persons with mental illness. Methods: This study used the data from 2011 Disabled survey by Ministry of health and welfare. The study subjects were 98,801 persons with mental illness. Mediating effects of subjective health rate was analyzed using regression analysis and sobel test. Results: The stress was negatively correlated with the subjective health rates and life satisfaction. And the subjective health rates was positively correlated with life satisfaction. Second, the subjective health rates worked as partial mediators on the relationship between stress and life satisfaction of the persons with mental illness. The implication and limitations of this study were discussed, and suggestions for further study were proposed. Conclusion: This study highlights that the mediating effects of subjective health rates on the relationship between stress and life satisfaction of the persons with mental illness. Health and welfare policy encouraging subjective health rates and reducing level of the stress to improve life satisfaction of the persons with mental illness should be considered.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 1991

In order to evaluate health status of dental technicians as an individual and a group, this study was conducted with Todai Health Index Questionaire on randomly sampled 277 persons(236 males and 41 females) from Aug. 20 to Oct. 6, in 1990 obtained Following conclusions were drawn. 1. Age composition of the subjects was 136 males(57.6%) in the age of 20$\sim$29 and 28 females(68.3%) in the age of 20$\sim$24. As for working places, 215 males(91.1%) and 38 females (92.7%) were working for dental laboratories and rest of them were at clinics and hospitals. In working years, male technicians who have been working for 5$\sim$10 years amounted to 80 (33.8%) and 12 females(29.3%) were working for 1$\sim$3years. 2. Responses to psychosomatic subjective symptom complaints rated as the highest in multiple subjective symptom(males : 40.00%, females : 41.98%) and those in physical items and mental irritability(male : 24%, female : 25%) and in mental items came next in order. The rate of complaint in depression was higher in female group than in male group (p<0.05). 3. Resonses to psychosomatic subjective symptom complaints in male group were high in the age of 20$\sim$29 and in the age of 20$\sim$24 in female group. The rates of complaint were higher in multiple subjective symptom, respiratory, eye and skin(p<0.05) and digestives(p<0.01) complaints. 4. Responses to psychosomatic subjective symptom complaints were higher among persons working at dental laboratories than at other working places : dental clinics and hospitals in all the items except for respiratory, depression and aggressiveness. Rates of complaints in eye and skin showed significant difference between working places(p<0.05). 5. Those who are engaged in polishing part tended to complain more about psychosomatic subjective symptoms. 6. The higher the level of education is the more they complained the psychosomatic subjective symptoms both in male and female group. In the difference of complaint respones, male group showed high rates of complaint in depression and female group in aggressiveness(p<0.05). 7. Responses to psychosomatic complaints by the length of working service were moderate in males who were working less than 10 years, and they decreased after 10 years of service. Females showed the highest response rate in the group of 3$\sim$5 years service and the lowest response in the group of 5 years service. Male complained more in aggressiveness and female in respiratory and aggressiveness(p<0.05). 8. Responses to psychosomatic subjective symptom complaint varied according to working hours of a day both in male and female group, showing high complaint rates in multiple subjective symptom, respiratory, eye and skin, mouth and anus, digestive, mental irritability and irregular life in male group(p<0.05).

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Purpose : This study investigated the relationship between body type, subjective symptoms and health awareness in female high school students Methods : The subjects were 393 students at the female high school in Taejon City by self-recorded questionnaires in May, 2006. Results : In the classification of body type based on the degree of obesity, low weight group was 20.9%, normal weight group was 58.0%, over weight group was 11.7% and obesity group was 9.4%. In the level of body type wareness, those who consider themselves to be obesity type 13.7%, standard type were 43.8%, and leptosomic type 8.1%, but there was a clear tendency to be leptosomic type that the rate was 76.3%. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms, “fatigue” was the highest, followed by “neck pain(stiffness)”, “dizziness”, “stomachache” in the descending order. In the complaint rates of subjective symptoms by the degree of obesity, dizziness, irregular menstruation and anorexia were higher according to the lower obesity, but constipation and wearied eyes were the higher the more obesity. Conclusion : The study results showed that the recent female high school students were clear tendency to be leptosomic type, and leptosomic and obesity type were related with subjective symptoms. Considering these findings, it appeared that being excessively thin is related to symptoms and young women's thinness-oriented attitudes are unhealthful.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.187-193
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• 2012

In order to evaluate the physical and psychological health effects of air pollutants from new building materials, 100 employees who worked in new buildings were given a general health questionnaire, and the prevalence of their subjective complaints was measured. The collected data were classified according to age, gender, smoking status, profession, working time, sleep time, life style, and length of employment. The results obtained were summarized as follows: The THI lie scale scores were significantly higher among the older respondents. Compared to males, females showed a significantly higher level in the depression itemas well asa tendency toward high ratios of physical and psychological complaints. The smoking group showed higher scores regarding health complaints related to most physical and psychological items. Smokers showed significantly increased respiratory organ complaints compared to nonsmokers. Those with a profession showed significantly higher level of nervousness. The group of those working 7 to 10 hours group showed higher rates of complaints in the multiple subjective symptoms and mouth/anus items than the group working less than 2 hours. Those living an irregular life showed a tendency toward higher rates of complaints for most physical and psychological subjective factors. Those who were satisfied with their environments showed significantly lower scores in the mouth/anus, impulsiveness, mental irritability, depression, and nervousness items. In summary, this study shows that the health complaint scores regarding physical and psychological symptoms tended to be higher among the unsatisfied group, the irregular life group, the group who worked long hours, the elderly, smokers, and females. These results can be used to improve the psychosomatic health status and working environments of employees working in new buildings.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2012

This study investigated the influence of obesity on depression and stress by analyzing the results of the national survey on health and nutrition. Relationships between normal, obese, and severely obese groups were investigated. The results of the study are as follows. First, obesity caused by demographic variables showed a relationship to both gender and average monthly income. In the case of the seriously obese group, females had higher rates of depression than males, and the high obesity group had lower average monthly income than the normal and obese groups. Second, obesity caused by health-related variables found that high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes that was not angina-related displayed higher rates of depression in the serious obesity group than in the other groups. As for subjective evaluations of one's own health condition, the serious obesity group showed a high tendency to evaluate their own health conditions negatively. Third, the difference between depression and stress related to obesity level showed no difference between the normal weight group and the obesity group; however, the seriously obese group demonstrated relatively higher occurrences of depression and higher stress scores. Fourth, the result for depression and stress level caused by demographic variables, health-related variables, and obesity demonstrated a direct relationship to gender, subjective level of satisfaction with one's personal finances, average monthly income, subjective perception of one's own health and severely obesity status. More specifically, it was found that the ratio of depression and stress score was higher when the subject was female, among those whose subjective evaluation of their own finances and health condition was negative, and those who suffered from severe obesity.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.565-584
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• 2011

Objective: This study is examined the factors affecting forms of untreated experiences in persons with physical disability. Method: The data collected from 461 persons with physical disability in community. Based on the Behavioral Model of Andersen, predisposing, enabling, and need factors are hypothesized to affect persons with physical disability's untreated experiences. The data were analyzed by statistical methods such as frequency and multiple logistic regression analysis. Result: Participation rates of untreated experiences were 26.7%. The significant factors of persons with physical disability's untreated experiences are predisposing factors (gender, partner, and religion), enabling factors (income, private insurance, information of assistive device, disability discrimination, and subjective discrimination), and need factors(subjective health status health screening and chronic disease). Also untreated experiences related to gender, subjective health status, health screening, and chronic disease factors using multiple logistic regression analysis. Conclusion: Implications of the findings were discussed and the recommendations for the improvement of health care utilization, subjective health statue. Especially, development of health education and program should be needed persons with physical disability.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2005

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.75-87
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• 2014

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the utilization of Korean medical clinics by sex. Methods: Data was based on reports about usage and consumption of Korean medicine in 2011 by the Ministry of Health and Welfare and Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. 171 Korean medical hospitals and more than 300 Korean medical clinics were selected after 2 rounds of extraction, from the 12,250 Korean medical institutions throughout the country. The investigation was carried out between August 25 and September 30, 2011. The study group was composed of 290 men and 813 women; Korean medical institutions including clinics and hospitals were mainly used for their health care. Results: 1. For sociodemographic distribution, sex, marital status, education level, occupation status, and income level showed statistically significant differences. 2. Females had a lower subjective health status than did males. Muscle injury, hwa-byung, gastric disorder, lumbago, common cold, weight loss, and herbal tonics showed differences in prevalence rates between the sexes. 3. Arthritis, muscle injury, gastric disorder, ankle sprain, herbal tonics, and stroke showed differences in usage rates between the sexes. Likewise, major treatment methods had differences between the sexes. 4. There were no statistically significant differences between the sexes concerning acupuncture. Conclusions: Females were lower than males in several aspects of income and education level and occupation status. Males had a higher subjective health status than did females. Differences by sex of treatment methods and prevalence rates of several diseases existed.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of knowledge and screening review rates of dental health insurance claims in dental hygienists. This analysis will provide the educational information to the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by dental hygienists in Jeonbuk from December 17, 2012 to January 24, 2013. The questionnaire was distributed by ordinary mail or direct visit. Except incomplete answers, 350 data were collected and analyzed. The study instrument was adapted from the structured questionnaire by Hong and Yoo. The questionnaire consisted of education experience of health insurance management, subjective and objective knowledge, insurance screening review, and need for health insurance education. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. Cronbach alpha in the objective knowledge on health insurance rate criteria was 0.836 and this was a reliable figure. Results: The subjective knowledge level of dental insurance was higher in the senior dental hygienists. Subgingival curettage was the lowest percentage of correct answers in the objective knowledge. In recent six months, higher review control rate was shown in the higher claim for health insurance and insurance screening review. Conclusions: The majority of the respondents had lower level of knowledge of health insurance claims. The continuous education of dental health insurance will be necessary in the dental hygienists.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1135-1145
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• 2017

Objectives: The objective of the study was to review the correlation between self-perceived oral health status and periodontal diseases in elderly Koreans, using data from the $6^{th}$ (2nd year) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014). Methods: The subjects for this study were a total of 1,454 elderly people aged 65 years or older who responded to the health questionnaires of the $6^{th}$ (2nd year) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2014. Their general characteristics were analyzed using frequency analysis, while a cross-tabulation analysis (${\chi}^2-test$) was performed to understand the correlation with periodontal diseases. To clarify any effect of self-perceived oral health status on periodontal diseases, the selected variables were controlled and subsequently analyzed according to the logistic regression analysis. Results: In terms of the difference between elderly people with periodontal disease and those without periodontal disease, higher prevalence rates of periodontal diseases were found in women, those of younger age, those with lower educational and income levels, those with poorer subjective oral health status, those in the presence of chewing discomfort, those who had a toothbrushing frequency of twice per day, and/or those who had received no oral examination over the previous one year. Regarding the effect of self-perceived oral health status on periodontal diseases, 1.78-fold and 1.74-fold higher prevalence rates of periodontal diseases were shown with poorer subjective oral health status and in the presence of chewing discomfort, respectively. Conclusions: Based upon the results above, it is considered that a better understanding of self-perceived oral health status is necessary for a healthy life of the elderly. Furthermore, constant relevant studies and effective prevention programs intended to moderate the progress of or prevent periodontal diseases in the elderly in communities should be performed and implemented for the sake of better quality of life and oral health.