• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

Purpose - The ultimate purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of personal disposition on shopping value and behavioral intention by expanding the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Research design, data, and methodology - An attempt was made to examine the effects of personal disposition (reflecting duty-free shop characteristics) on three selective actions of consumers - compulsive buying, variety seeking, and price sensitivity. We conducted a questionnaire survey with the users of airport duty-free shops, downtown duty-free shops (offline), and online duty-free shops. In total, 410 copies of the questionnaire were analyzed using a structural equation model. Results - According to the results, compulsive buying, variety seeking, and price sensitivity significantly affected shopping value. Shopping value and subjective norms both had significant effects on attitude, the major variable in the TPB, and attitude had the greatest effect on behavioral intention, followed by subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in descending order. Conclusions - This study has academic implications in that it extends the existing theories of planned behavior and applies it to consumer characteristics and shopping value. It has practical implications as well in that it provides basic data that can be used to establish concrete marketing strategies for duty-free shop owners targeting segmented markets by closely examining customer desires.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.70-83
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• 2001

Objective : In order to investigate symptoms prevalence related to visual display terminal(VDT) syndrome, and to evaluate the variables affecting the development of the VDT syndrome. Methods : a questionnaire survey was conducted on 127(81 men and 46 women) VDT operators who had been studied in Soongsil University graduated school in Seoul. Result : As a result of analysis with data collected by questionnaire, l. Variables affecting the level of general symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, type of typewriting, location of keyboard, illumination, VDT working duration, the time of VDT operation without rest. 2. Variables affecting the level of eye symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, type of typewriting, VDT working duration, illumination, method of eye-resting. 3. Variables affecting the level of musculoskeletal symptoms were sex, the total time of VDT operation per day, the time of VDT operation without rest, illumination. Conculsions : In order to protect workers from VDT syndrome, it is urgently required to implement standard management recommendations including restriction of VDT working hours and allowance of more sufficient resting time for VDT workers.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.51-61
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• 2018

Purpose - Korean women suffered from serious experience at unfair personnel practice in the work and coexistence between work and home affairs. The study examined woman workers' career plateau perception and success who worked for local public enterprises, that is to say, regional public corporation invested by local government, and investigated mediating effect of dual commitment as well as control effect of self-efficacy from point of view of various access to variables. Research design, data, and methodology - The study investigated women employees of regional public corporation by empirical analysis. The author collected 337 copies from 380 copies and made use of 325 copies after excluding copies with improper answer. SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 24.0 were used. Results - The study investigated effect of career plateau (structure and content) upon subjective career success (job satisfaction and career commitment) according to questionnaire material: First, not only structural plateau but also content career plateau had negative influence upon dual commitment (structure and career). Second, dual commitment had positive influence upon subjective career success from point of view of organizational commitment and career commitment. Third, structural career plateau had positive influence upon career success, and content career plateau had positive influence upon job satisfaction. Fourth, structural career plateau did not have significant influence upon job satisfaction, content career plateau and career satisfaction. Fifth, subordinate variables (organizational commitment and career commitment) had mediating influence upon career plateau cognition and subjective career success. Sixth, self efficacy did not control career plateau cognition and subjective career success. Conclusions - Women employee's career plateau cognition mediated dual commitment to have influence upon career success and to be likely to help career success theory study. Career plateau had negative influence upon dual commitment and career success of women workers. The study shall give base of counteraction from point of view of control and motivation of women workers thinking of career plateau.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.59-68
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between university students' dental fear and their psychological hardiness and subjective well-being, promote positive awareness of and access to dental service, and develop a plan for continuous oral health care. To collect data, convenience sampling of college students in North Jeolla Province was performed, and they were asked to complete a self-administered questionnaire from May 1 to 30, 2017. Dental fear was negatively correlated with both psychological hardiness and subjective well-being, and psychological hardiness and subjective well-being were positively correlated with each other. University students' dental fear, psychological hardiness, and subjective well-being were found to be correlated with one another; therefore, dental clinics need to apply a positive style of coping, taking into account psychological responses suitable for clinical competence on the basis of satisfactory communication, with the objective of promoting oral health.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.202-208
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• 2017

Korea has been running the community oral health program for the elderly, including topical fluoride application and scaling. The aim of this study was to compare the subjective and objective oral health status of 345 participants according to the number of participants in the program and of 37 participants before and after the 5-year program. The survey consisted of an interview questionnaire and oral examinations. Analysis of variance was used to compare the variables of the 345 participants according to the numbers of participants. Paired t-test was used to compare the oral health statuses before and after the 5-year program in 37 subjects. There was no difference in subjective oral health status according to the number of participants in the oral health program in the elderly, including subjective health status, subjective oral health status, satisfaction with oral health, concern about oral health, need of dental treatment, oral pain, tooth sensitivity, subjective periodontal health, and subjective symptoms of periodontitis. The community periodontal index (CPI) of the 1 time participants was significantly higher than that of 3 times, 4 times or 5 times participants in the upper center, lower left, lower center, and lower right areas. There was a significant improvement in CPI from $2.59{\pm}1.14$ to $1.41{\pm}1.54$ (p<0.001) and positive oral behavioral change (daily tooth brushing frequency from $2.27{\pm}0.73$ to $2.54{\pm}0.90$) before and 5 years after the program. However, the program did not prevent tooth loss as the numbers of the remaining teeth significantly reduced from $23.77{\pm}1.84$ to $21.95{\pm}2.03$ over 5 years. We showed that running the community oral health program for the elderly for more than three years might have positive effects on the periodontal health of participants.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.833-839
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate sodium consumption and related psychosocial factors among hypertensive patients and normal adults through questionnaire development. The Theory of Planned Behavior provided the basis for the study. The mean blood pressure of subjects was 117. 1 mmHg/78.55mgHg in normal adults(N-218), 159.65mmHg/102.05mmHg(systolic/diastolic) in hypertensive group(N=219) and the sodium consumption was 5219.4${\pm}$1821.3mg in normal adults and 4631.4${\pm}$1749.1mg in hypertensive group. The results of Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of being hypetensive group were increasd as subjects felt that dalty food (OR=1.5) (OR=0.8). The odds of beign hypertensive group increased as subject received more support. With respect to perceived control, the odds of being hypertensive group were increased as subjects felt more confident in contolling salty intake when spouse likes to take salty food(OR=1.4). In contrast, subjects felt less confident in contolling sodium consumption when they took medicine(OR=0.8). Study findings revealed that all three factors, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived control contributed to the model for explaining intentions, with subjective norms being most important. This findings provided the empirical evidence for the TPB in explaining salt intake. This study suggest that educational interventions for hypertension patients focus on changing sodium consumption through changing attitude toward high sodium consumption, subjective norms, perceived control over reducing sodium consumption of specific situations, specially subjective norms and perceived control. In addition, interventions may include strategies to change attitudes toward sodium consumption by helping hypertensive patients realize negative beliefs and modifying positive beliefs and to elicit and maintain subjective norm from doctors, family and neighbors, and to increase control beliefs for reducing sodium consumption.(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 833-839, 2000)

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2021

This study aimed to understand the factors having effects on the satisfaction with clinical practice of nursing students. For the data collection, this study conducted a survey utilizing the questionnaire targeting 188 students(third & fourth year) of two nursing colleges located in a province, from September 1st to September 30th 2019. Using the SPSS WIN 21.0 Program for the data analysis, this study used the t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis. In the results of this study, the satisfaction with clinical practice of nursing students had positive correlation with subjective happiness, and negative correlation with perceived stress. The factors having effects on the satisfaction with clinical practice were major satisfaction, gender, perceived stress, subjective happiness, and subjective health status, and the explanatory power of those variables was 21.9%. Based on such results of this study, it would be necessary to develop the complex educational programs considering the elements like decrease of perceived stress and improvement of subjective happiness at the same time, in order to improve the satisfaction with clinical practice.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.145-155
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of customer violence experiences, protection systems, and monitoring systems on the subjective health status of salespersons and electronic machine repairers. Methods: A total of 934 persons were sampled nationwide, including 582 salespersons and 352 electronic machine repairers, from March 2~30, 2020 and asked to fill out a self-reported questionnaire. Results: The findings show that electronic machine repairers were more exposed to customer violence and had a weaker protection system than salespersons. They also experienced severe control from management through a monitoring system. The regression analysis revealed that verbal violence had a negative impact on the subjective health status of electronic machine repairers (p=.021). A worker protection system had significant effects on the improved subjective health status of salespersons (p=.009). Depression and fatigue had negative impacts on the subjective health status of both salespersons (depression: p<.001, fatigue: p<.001) and electronic machine repairers (depression: p<.001, fatigue: p=.002). Conclusion: These findings put a greater emphasis on the need for worker protection systems to prevent workplace violence and a health promotion program to manage depression and fatigue in workplaces.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 2005

Purposes of this study was as following; What differences do subjective indicators of deception detection according to high and low stake situations? Does groups difference appear in beliefs about deception cues? Is what differences between objective indicators and subjective indicators of deceptions? Participants of this study were consisted of university students, prison officers, prisoners. They completed a questionnaire concerning beliefs about 21 verbal and nonverbal behaviours in high/low-stake situations. For each behaviour, they were asked to rate on a seven-point scale how are these behaviours changed comparing to normal times. The results were that subjective indicators of deception were no differences between high-stake and low-stake situations, and no differences among groups. Also, it appeared that the subjective indicators of deception were substantly different from the objective indicators of deception.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1471-1474
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• 2005

Sasang constitution medicine is to do different treatment accordining to sasang constitution. Therefore, the constitution diagnosis in the Sasang constitution medicine is very important thing. The Process of Sasang constitution diagnosis Is difficult thing, because of consuming much time, making every effort. It is apt to be subjective tendency. So it need to make objective method. The QSCC II (Questionnaire of Sasang Constitution Classification II ) have several problems- can't do diagnosis of Taeyangin, the accuracy rate of Sasang constitution diagnosis is not high (probably 60%), and so on. So, we need the new methods for the Sasang constitution Diagnosis. We will modify the problems of QSCC II. The First is the problems of the study execution process, not-multicenter study, a low data, the absent of Taeyangin cases. So, we have to do the multicenter study. The Second is the problems of a query and the method of statistics analysis. We will modify the problems of self-report Questionnaire. That is the problems of self-report Questionnaire, the lack of objective estimation( body type, personal appearance, etc), the absent of the estimation on typical or non-typical type constitution. We modified the problems of QSCC II. Therefore we made the new self-report Questionnaire for patients. We modified the problems of self-report Questionnaire. Therefore we made the new Constituion diagnosis Questionnaire for doctors. We develop the Questionnaire of two ways for the Sasang constitution Diagnosis. The one is the new self-report Questionnaire for patients. The other is the new Constitution diagnosis Questionnaire for doctors. We have to melt down the Questionnaire of two ways for the Sasang constitution Diagnosis.