• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 2014

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate integral seat desk used in universities through comparison of real dimension values of the desk with KS/ISO standard and questionnaire survey. Background: School furniture that helps students sit comfortably for longer periods of time and allows for better concentration on learning is important. However, seat and desk have been generally designed based on the industry practice rather than user's anthropometry, and seats and desks used in universities of Korea have not been ergonomically evaluated. Method: Real 13 dimensions of the desk used in K University were measured using tape measure and inclinometer, and the dimension values were compared to the KS standard of desk and chair for lecture room (KS G 4210) and ergonomic design principles found in relevant references. Subjective appropriacies and preference for the desk were investigated based on questionnaire survey, in which 121 (male: 91, female: 30) college students participated. Results: Several dimensions for the desk and chair investigated except desk depth and width, leg room width, seat width have not met the KS standard, but all dimensions satisfied ergonomic design principles available in references. The questionnaire survey revealed that appropriacies for desk surface size, seat pan depth, seat pan cushion and backrest curvature were under middle point of 3.0, and that those for the other dimensions showed higher scores exceeding 3.0. Conclusion: The integral seat desk widely used in universities showed some design problems in terms of standards of KS G 2010 and KS G 4210, and ergonomic design principles. Compared to the general desk with separated desk and seat, subjective preference on the integral seat desk was low. Application: This would be used as a valuable guideline when designing or choosing new integral seat desk with high satisfaction of students.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.353-361
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the level of knowledge and screening review rates of dental health insurance claims in dental hygienists. This analysis will provide the educational information to the dental hygienists. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by dental hygienists in Jeonbuk from December 17, 2012 to January 24, 2013. The questionnaire was distributed by ordinary mail or direct visit. Except incomplete answers, 350 data were collected and analyzed. The study instrument was adapted from the structured questionnaire by Hong and Yoo. The questionnaire consisted of education experience of health insurance management, subjective and objective knowledge, insurance screening review, and need for health insurance education. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0 program. Cronbach alpha in the objective knowledge on health insurance rate criteria was 0.836 and this was a reliable figure. Results: The subjective knowledge level of dental insurance was higher in the senior dental hygienists. Subgingival curettage was the lowest percentage of correct answers in the objective knowledge. In recent six months, higher review control rate was shown in the higher claim for health insurance and insurance screening review. Conclusions: The majority of the respondents had lower level of knowledge of health insurance claims. The continuous education of dental health insurance will be necessary in the dental hygienists.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.276-284
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the factors that affect subjective well-being in nursing students. Methods: A total of 236 nursing students participated in the study. Data was collected from November through December 2013 using a self-reporting questionnaire that surveyed the level of gratitude, interpersonal relationship ability, subjective happiness, and life satisfaction. Data was analyzed by descriptive analysis, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression with the SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Results: Subjective happiness positively correlated with gratitude (r=.41, p<.001) and interpersonal relationship ability (r=.55, p<.001). Life satisfaction positively correlated with gratitude (r=.53, p<.001) and interpersonal relationship ability (r=.37, p<.001). Significant predictors of subjective happiness included gratitude (${\beta}=.38$, p<.001), interpersonal relationship ability (${\beta}=.28$, p<.001) and major satisfaction (${\beta}=.17$, p=.002). The regression model explained 39.3% of subjective happiness. Significant predictors of life satisfaction included gratitude (${\beta}=.42$, p<.001), academic achievement (${\beta}=.15$, p=.006), interpersonal relationship ability (${\beta}=.16$, p=.008) and major satisfaction (${\beta}=.12$, p=.035). The regression model explained 35.3% of life satisfaction. Conclusion: To improve subjective well-being among nursing students, nurse educators should develop educational intervention programs to promote gratitude and interpersonal relationships.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.1128-1137
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to identify the factors that affect working environment related musculoskeletal subjective symptoms among dental hygienists. Methods : The subjects in this study were 232 dental hygienists working at dental clinics and general hospitals in Daegu. The data has collected through the self-questionnaire survey from July 9th 2012 to July 31th. Results : 1. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms were 85.3% in shoulder(right), 81.9% in neck, 74.6% in shoulder(left), 65.5% in wrist(right), 56.5% in lower leg(right). 2. Pain frequency of musculoskeletal subjective symptoms were the highest 24.7% in neck. Seeing the severity pain was the highest 9.0% in foot(left). The investigation of work interference related to substantially pain showed the highest 18.5% in wrist(right). 3. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms correlated with general characteristics such as age, marital status, regular exercise and medical check-up(p<.05). 4. Musculoskeletal subjective symptoms correlated with working environments such as working career, the night treatment, the average daily number of patients handled, the average daily standing work hours, the regular rest, the major job in work place and physical burden(p<.05). Conclusions : The education or program on wrong working habits and bad postures of dental hygienists is needed to prevent musculoskeletal disorder.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2013

Objectives: The main purpose of this study was to examine factors contributing the quality of life related to oral heath such as level of oral health knowledge, subjective knowledge on oral health, awareness of oral health and OHIP-14, and furthermore to analyze any relations among these factors. Methods: The questionnaire survey was carried out on a convenience sample of 230 middle school students at the selected middle school in Chungcheongnam-do. T-test and one-way ANOVA and correlation test were conducted over the collected datas using SPSS 12.0(SPSS 12.0 KOR for Windows, SPSS Inc, Chicago, USA). Results: The results of the study are as follows: 1. 6.38 was average score for oral health knowledge and 10.0 was the maximum. Subjective oral health awareness scored of average 2.99 with maximum of 5.0. OHIP-14 corresponded to average 4.30 and maximum 5.0. 2. Different level of oral heath knowledge was resulted from that of education, which means the greater level of oral health knowledge indicated greater awareness of oral health. 3. OHIP-14 was higher for those who lived with their parents than those who in did not(P=0.012). 4. There exhibits a proportional relationship between subjective awareness of oral health and OHIP-14(r=0.297). Conclusion: It was found that subjective awareness of oral health partially influences to OHIP-14. In other words, subjective awareness of oral health has an effect on the quality of life related to oral health. Hence, there needs more effort on oral health education and oral disorder prevention activities in order to improve subjective awareness of oral health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2003

This study is to provide basic data regarding prevention of VDT syndrome by surveying the computer usage and understanding the VDT subjective symptoms. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire among 617 students in middle and high schools in J city, Chonbuk province from 1 April 2002 to 20 April 2002. Modified and adjusted study tools were used which were based on previous studies on the actual computer usage and the VDT subjective symptoms, and the self-assessment tool for VDT syndrome by Moon et al(1991). Collected data were analyzed by SPSS program. The results were as follows: It showed 97.2% of students in middle schools and 97.6% in high schools to hold personal computer, 92.2% of middle school students and 84.7% of high school students commonly used computer at home. Communication was the obvious reason to use computer in 55.8% of middle school students and 71.6% of high school students. The mean of the VDT subjective symptoms among students in high schools showed $1.09{\pm}.69$ which higher than that of $.80{\pm}.59$ among students in middle schools (t=5.666, p=.000). Musculoskeletal symptom was marked the highest in the scoring of VDT subjective symptoms among students in middle and high schools. The higher grade, The more pocket money, The less breaks or exercise taken during computer use, The more they feel harmful about using computer, The actual time of computer longer than 3 hours per use were contributed to the higher score of the VDT subjective symptoms among students. There are suggestions following this study: To establish a systematic preventative program and management regarding the current computer use among students especially in relation to the VDT subjective symptoms. To develop better educational programs for parents regarding time-limit and to create appropriate environment in computer use.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.126-135
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of entrance exam stress on oral health behaviors and subjective oral health status in female high school students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was administered to 216 female high school students in the Gwangju area. We performed an independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: The average of the entrance exam stress was 2.73, and among the sub-areas, the tension for exam/poor stress was the highest with 3.21. As a result of analysis of general characteristics and subjective oral health status, oral mucosal disease was lower in family income level (p<0.05), bad breath was significantly higher with lower academic performance (p<0.001) and family income level (p<0.05). As a result of oral health behavior and subjective oral health status analysis, dental caries has more than 4 times of caries snacks (per week) (p<0.05), bad breath was found to be more perceived when the average number of daily brushing was 2 or less (p<0.01). Factors affecting subjective oral health status were that dental caries was a patients pressure stress (β=0.202); temporomandibular disorder (β=0.227), xerostomia (β=0.342), and oral mucosal disease (β=0.190) were insufficient spare time; bad breath was academic performance (lower) (β=0.231) and insufficient spare time (β=0.184). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the subjective oral health status and the subarea of entrance exam stress, excluding future uncertainty stress. Conclusion: It is considered that oral health education should be conducted to prevent oral diseases for students with high parental pressure and insufficient spare time stress as well as finding practical ways to reduce entrance stress.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.234-241
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• 2019

Objective: To investigate the physical therapists' actual experience of workplace violence and examine its relationship with depression, burnout, subjective health status, and job and life satisfaction. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The level of workplace violence was assessed using the Korean Workplace Violence Scale composed of 24 questions in the following 4 subscales of workplace violence. Depression was assessed using the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Burnout was assessed using the Korean version of the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, which is a 5-item scale. Subjective health status was measured on a 5-point scale. Job and life satisfaction was measured based on the assessment tool used in the World Values Survey. Results: There was a significant correlation between the three subscales of workplace violence and health indicators, including depression, subjective health status, job and life satisfaction (p<0.05). The organizational protective system subscale showed a significant negative correlation with depression and a positive correlation with subjective health status as well as job and life satisfaction (p<0.05). The area of 'psychological and sexual violence from customers' showed a significant moderate correlation with depression and job satisfaction (p<0.05). Also, there was a negative correlation that was significant between depression and subjective health status, job satisfaction, and life satisfaction (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study suggested that future studies should continue to investigate and reveal the causal relationships between workplace violence and physical therapists' health indicators.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.417-424
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationship between oral health conditions and their subjective oral health perception in the elderly in Gimcheon. Methods: The study subjects were 214 elderly aged over 65 years old in Gimcheon. The study was carried out by direct interview method of from February 20 to 24, 2014. The oral examination was performed by the dentist base on the World Health Organization criteria including direct examination and observation. The questionnaire consisted of sex, type of family, use of medical services, and oral health behavior, The independent variable included three questions of the general characteristics of the subjects, two questions of use of medical services, and two questions of oral health behavior. The subjective oral health perception was composed of heathy and unhealthy. The objective oral health condition was evaluated by number of residual teeth, FT index, MT index, and DMFT index. Results: In the elderly, the number of residual tooth was $8.89{\pm}9.72$ and the number of decayed teeth was $0.03{\pm}0.20$. The numbers of missing teeth and filled teeth were $19.26{\pm}9.65$ and $0.28{\pm}1.01$, respectively. The DMFT index was $19.57{\pm}9.28$. In relation to the subjective oral health perception, 76.6% answered 'good' and 23.4% answered 'bad'. The subjective oral health perception showed a weak quantitative linear relationship of r=0.235 with the number of residual tooth. the subjective oral health perception showed a weak negative linear relationship(p<0.01) of r=-0.225 with the number of missing teeth and r=-0.217 with DMFT(number of decayed missing and filled teeth) index.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.185-194
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between industrial workers' job stress and oral health related quality of life and subjective happiness. The subjects of this study were 228 workers, from August 8 to September 2, 2016, research tool was the structured, anonymous, self-administrated questionnaire. The data were analyzed by SPSSWIN 18.0, t-test and one way ANOVA, Scheffe' post hoc test, Pearson correlation and Hierarchial multiple regression. Negative correlation was found between job stress and OHIP-14 and between job stress and subjective happiness and positive correlation was found between OHIP-14 and subjective happiness. As for the explanatory power of the independent variables affecting subjective happiness, gender, self-reported living status, self-reported general health, dental checkups, and job stress were significant variables. It is therefore necessary to run an industrial oral intervention program on a regular basis and cope positively with stress with the objective of helping workers improve their subjective happiness.