• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2001

The purpose of the study was to examine a method most pertinent to measure subglottic air pressure. Subglottic air pressure and loudness analyses were performed on vowels /a/, /i/ and consonant /p/ in 12 normal subjects using. Aerophone II voice function. The experimental contexts were, therefore, /i:pi:pi:/ and /a:pa:pa:/. The subjects produced the intervocalic /p/ in 4 different situations: 1) /i:pi:pi:/ with voiceless /p/, 2) /i:pi:pi:/ with voiced /p/, 3) /a:pa:pa:/ with voiceless /p/, and 4) /a:pa:pa:/ with voiced /p/. A t-test and a correlation analysis revealed the following results. First, when we measured subglottic air pressure by /i:pi:pi:/, voiceless /p/ was significantly different from voiced /p/. Second, when we measured subglottic air pressure by /a:pa:pa:/, voiceless /p/ was significantly different from voiced /p/. Therefore, it was concluded that voiceless /p/ produced more accurate subglottic air pressure and clinicians needed to have patients produce accurate /p/ when measuring subglottic air pressure using Aerophone II.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2002

The purpose of the study is to examine differences in subglottic air pressure as a function of phonetic context. The phonetic contexts consisted of $/i:{p^h}i:{p^h}i:/,/{p^h}i:{p^h}i:/, and /{p^h}{p^h}/$. The aerodynamic and phonatory parameters are investigated in 20 female normal adults. All measurements are taken and analysed using Aerophone II voice function analyzer. The aerodynamic parameters are Peak Air Pressure(PAP) and Mean Air Pressure(MAP), and the phonatory parameters are Phonatory Flow Rate(PFR) Maximum SPL(MSPL), Phonatory SPL(PSPL), Phonatory Power (PP), Phonatory Efficiency(PE), and Phonatory $Resistance^*$ 10-5(PR). A one-way ANOVA revealed the following results. First, the aerodynamic parameters are not significantly different. Second, Peak Air Pressure(PAP) and Mean Air Pressure(MAP), as well as the phonatory parameters such as Phonatory Flow Rate(PFR) Maximum SPL(MSPL), Phonatory SPL(PSPL), and Phonatory Efficiency(PE) were significantly different. Therefore, it is advised that clinicians use only aerodynamic parameters but phonatory parameters when using Aerophone II.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.131-138
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• 2001

Sound pressure level, subglottic air pressure, vital capacity, adduction/abduction rate, and phonatory efficiency were measured in 19 opera singers, 17 Korean traditional 'Pansori' singers, and 20 non-singers; subjects' mean age was 25.9(SD=7.2) and the singers had been singing professionally for 5-10 years. One-way ANOVA and Scheff$\w'{e}$ post-hoc analysis were used to analyze aerodynamic data and to identify significant differences among groups. Sound pressure level, peak subglottic air pressure, and phonatory efficiency were found to be significantly different among three groups of the subjects. Differences in aerodynamic properties were discussed for their significance in diagnosis and treatment of voice disorders in professional singers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.5-10
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• 1994

In vivo canine model was made in two mongrel dogs under the general Ⅰ-Ⅴ anesthesia. A vertical skin incision was made on the neck, the larynx and the trachea were dissected. Two tracheal openings were made : lower one for the insertion of the anesthesia tube and upper one for the delivery of air to the larynx to induce phonation. External branch of the superior laryngeal nerves and recurrent laryngeal nerves bilaterally were identified and stimulated electrically constantly. Subglottic pressure. fundamental frequency, intensity, and open quotient were measured when the air flow rate was varying low, medium and high. Glottic resistence was calculated. As the air flow rate was increased, the subglottic pressure and the sound intensity were increased. However, glottic resistance was decreased as the air flow was increased. In falsetto register, fundamenatal frequency was increased with the increment of air flow, but in modal register fundamental frequency was not increased statistically significant Open quotient by the electroglottography was increased according to the increment of airflow.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2005

Background and Objectives : The most important two factors of the voice production are the respiratory function which is the power source of voice and the glottic closure that transform the air flow into sound signals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between trained singers and untrained controls under varying intensity at a constant vocal pitch by simulataneous using the airway interruption method and electroglottography(EGG). Materials and Methods : Under two different intensity condition at a constant vocal pitch(/G/), 20(Male 10, Female 10) trained singers were studied. Mean flow rate(MFR), subglottic pressure(Psub) and intensity were measured with aerodynamic test using the Phonatory function analyzer. Closed quotients(CQ), jitter and shimmer were also investigated by electroglottography using Lx speech studio. These data were compared with that of normal controls. Results : MFR and Psub were increased on high intensity condition in all subject groups but there was no statistically significance. Statistically significant increasing of CQ. were observed in male trained singers on high intensity condition (untrained male : 51.31${\pm}$3.70%, trained male :55.52${\pm}$6.07%, p=.039). Shimmer percent, one of the phonatory stability parameters, was also decreased statistically in all subject groups(p<.001). Conclusion : The trained singers' phonation was more efficient than untrained singers. The result means that the trained singers can increase the loudness with little changing of mean flow rate, subglottic pressure but more increasing of glottic closed quotients.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2015

In case of PAS test, the air is sometimes leaked although the mask is tightly attached to the face, which is not reliable on the measured values. Therefore, this study aimed to assist the clinical practice suggesting the test method of PAS without air leakage. In the healthy subjects with 12 males and 12 females over 19 years old, three types of tests were performed on the voicing efficiency among the protocol of PAS Model 6600. They are; first, to attach the mask tightly to the face holding the handle of PAS with the subject's two hands (Method 1); second, to attach the mask tightly to the face holding the handle of PAS with the subject's one hand and pushing the body of PAS strongly with the other hand (Method 2); and third, to attach the mask tightly to the face pushing the upper part of the mask by the tester when the subject attached the mask to his or her face holding the handle of PAS with two hands (Method 3). Upon the study analyses, the mean negative pressure, the mean phonogram, subglottic air pressure, and voicing efficiency were shown to be statistically significantly different during PAS test in males depending on the methods. (p<.05) In case of females, only the target airflow rate showed significant difference depending on the methods during PAS test. (p<.001) In conclusion, Method 2 enhanced the noise level and strength while Method 1 was likely to leak the air more compared to the other two methods in males. In case of females, Method 1 showed significant leakage of the air flow. Not to allow the air flow leakage without affecting the outcome of PAS test, it will be the most useful for the tester to push the mask to the subject's face tightly (Method 3).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 1996

The vocal efficiency(VE) can be calculated as the ratio of acoustic power to aerodynamic power. It relates to the vocal intensity, air Sow rate and subglottic pressure. In this study, we treated 20 cases of vocal polyps and 10 cases of vocal nodules by way of laryngo-microsurgery or laser laryngo-microsurgery. The VE was measured preoperatively and postoperatively in all cases. The results showed that there was a significant improvement of VE postoperatively than that of preoperative measurement(p＜0.01) in vocal Polyp group. However, there was no significant difference(p＞0.05) in vocal nodule group. Through comparing the results, we obtained the conclusion : The laryngo-microsurgery is the reliable method of management for the vocal polyps, but f3r the vocal nodules, the laryngo-microsurgery should be selected after other more conservative approaches fail to produce the desired results.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.98-103
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• 2000

Background and Objectives : The etiology and pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia is yet unknown. This study was performed to determine if any laryngeal aerodynamic parameter distinguish the voice of patient diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia from individuals with normal voice production and to investigate the pathophysiology of spasmodic dysphonia. Materials and Methods : fifteen women diagnosed as having adductor spasmodic dysphonia and fifteen normal control women participitated in this study Maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, subglottic pressure, vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, VTI, FTRI, ATRI, Jitter percent, Shimmer percent were obtained from the participants using 'MDVP(multi-dimensional voice program)' of CSL(Computerized Speech lab, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model No. 4300), and 'maximum sustained phonation' and 'IPIPI test' of AP II(Aerophone II, Kay Elemetrics, Co., Model 6800). Results : T-test statistical analysis revealed statistically different values for vocal efficiency, Vfo, NHR, MPT, litter percent, Shimmer percent between the spasmodic dysphonia group and the control group. Conclusions : Spasmodic dysphonia affects the ability of the laryngeal mechanism to function effectively. Results from our study demonstrate that certain aerodynamic and acoustic parameters distinguish adductor spasmodic dysphonia from normal voice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1999

Background and Objectives : Recently, many people suffering from voice change visit otolaryngologist. So, it is important to study vocal function in patients with glottic or laryngeal disease. Aerodynamic investigation is valuable information about the efficiency of the larynx in translating air pressure to acoustic signal. The purpose of this study was to investigate the aerodynamic data in patients with vocal polyp, compare this data with that of the normal Korean. Materials and Methods : In aerodynamic study, maximum phonation time, mean air flow rate, phonatory flow volume and subglottal pressure were tested by using Aerophone II voice function analyzer in 157 normal korean and 143 patients with vocal polyp, aged from 20 to 69 years randomly selected. Results and Conclusion : In vocal polyp, maximum phonation time was significantly decreased and mean air How rate was increased. Phonatory flow volume was significantly decreased and subglottic pressure was increased only in female with vocal polyp. These data will be served as basic data of evaluation after treatment and postoperative assessment of the patients with vocal polyp.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.141-144
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• 2004

Background and Objectives : To compare acoustic, aerodynamic analysis of voice and intelligibility score in patients with near-total laryngectomy and implantation of Provox prothesis. Material and Methods : In order to evaluate the voice characteristics, acoustic, aerodynamic parameter and speech intelligibility were measured in 5 patients after near-total laryngectomy, 5 patients after implantation of Provox prosthesis with total bility were measured in 5 patients after near-total laryngectomy, 5 patients after implantation of Provox prosthesis with total laryngectomy and 10 adults normal speaker. Acoustic analysis was carried out using CSL and aerodynamic analysis was carried out using Aerophon II. Speech sample was recorded and 10 listener was scored for speech intelligibility using a percentage of words correctly identified. Results. Fundamental frequency($F_0$), intensity, jitter, shimmer, maximal phonation time(MPT), subglottic air pressure were used for parameters for voice analysis. There were no significant difference between two group except on fundamental frequency and shimmer. The fundamental frequency was higher in patients with near-total laryngectomy and shimmer was higher in patients after implantation of Provox prosthesis with total laryngectomy. In addition, speech intelligibility was no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion : This results confirm that near-total laryngectomy and implantation of Provox prosthesis provides good voice rehabilitation.