• 한국연초학회지
• /
• 제30권1호
• /
• pp.66-76
• /
• 2008

생물학적으로 활성이 있는 물질들의 생체 내 대사를 이해하고 인체 독성 및 질환의 발현을 예측할 수 있는 가장 좋은 시험방법은 생체 내 독성 평가법이다. 담배연기의 생체 내 독성 평가법에는 14일 흡입독성시험, 90일 흡입독성 시험 및 피부도말 종양발생 시험 등이 있다. 90일 흡입독성 시험은 담배의 일반적인 독성 정보를 제공한다. 생체 내 독성평가는 담배 첨가물, 재료품 또는 제품 설계를 변경할 경우 담배연기 독성이 증가 또는 감소되었는 지를 평가할 수 있으며 이 결과는 제품보증에 활용될 수 있다. 캐나다의 독성평가자료 제출 및 EU 등의 담배첨가물에 대한 규제는 향 후 이런 생체 내 시험에 대한 지속적이고도 구체적인 요구를 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 2002

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
• /
• pp.303-305
• /
• 2005

3-Monochloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) is a contaminant of acid-hydrolyzed vegetable protein. Several reports have suggested that chronic exposure to 3-MCPD could produce neurotoxicity in vitro or neurobehavioral effects inaspects of experimental animals. Disturbance of the nitric oxide signaling pathway by chronic exposure to 3-MCPD may be a causal factor of neurological disorders in rats. In order to investigate the relationship between 3-MCPD administration and expression of inducibal nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), the numbers and distribution patterns of iNOS-immunoreactive neurons were examined. At the all three bregma level examined, the optical density of iNOS-postive neurons was significantly increased following exposure to 3-MCPD. The change was more severe in the upper layer than in deep layer of the cortex. These data suggest that 3-MCPD toxicity may be mediated through disturbances to the nitric oxide signaling pathway.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.91-97
• /
• 1992

Diazinon which is one of the most beavily used organophosphate pesticide in Korea, was examined for its effects on the murine host defense system. Immunotoxicological assay parameters adopted in this study were carbon clearance for macrophage function, susceptibility to tumor challenge, and pathotoxicological indicators, Subchronic exposure of pesticide to rodents resulted in the suppression of immune functions, enhancement of susceptibility to tumor challenge, and moderate histological changes of lymphoid organ without any significant alteration of clinical status.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• 제17권1호
• /
• pp.105-113
• /
• 2014

Glufosinate-ammonium, a component of the herbicide Basta, is one of the most extensively used pesticides worldwide. In this study, we assessed subchronic and chronic toxicities of Basta and its histopathological effects on the marine medaka Oryzias dancena. Marine medaka were exposed to 0, 2, 4, or 8 mg/L of Basta for 28 or 42 days. The lethal concentration ($LC_{50}$) of Basta for 96 h is 8.76 mg/L. Histological changes in the gills and liver were evaluated with histopathological indices, allowing quantification of the damage to fish exposed to Basta. Blood congestion, lamellar fusion, and epithelial lifting were observed in the gills, and hydropic degeneration, fibrosis, lipid degeneration, leukocyte infiltration, and necrosis were found in the liver. These responses could be useful indicators of Basta toxicity in this species.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국독성학회 2002년도 Molecular and Cellular Response to Toxic Substances
• /
• pp.198-198
• /
• 2002

Occurrence of Chinese Herbs Nephropathy (CHN) has been reported in young women who had taken a slimming pills containing some chinese herbs. Aristolochic acid (AA) known as a carcinogen, was suspected as the major causal factor of CHN. AA is major component of fruit of A. contorta was used in Korean Traditional Medicine.(omitted)

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제38권8호
• /
• pp.734-740
• /
• 2015

Recent studies report that a history of antidepressant use is strongly correlated with the occurrence of Parkinson' disease (PD). However, it remains unclear whether antidepressant use can be a causative factor for PD. In the present study, we examined whether tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline and desipramine can induce dopaminergic cell damage, both in vitro and in vivo. We found that amitriptyline and desipramine induced mitochondria-mediated neurotoxicity and oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. When injected into mice on a subchronic schedule, amitriptyline induced movement deficits in the pole test, which is known to detect nigrostriatal dysfunction. In addition, the number of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta was reduced in amitriptyline-injected mice. Our results suggest that amitriptyline and desipramine may induce PD-associated neurotoxicity.

• 운동영양학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.32-35
• /
• 2019

[Purpose] Fibronectin type III domain containing 5 (FNDC5)/irisin is an exercise-induced myokine, which contributes to cognitive functions. However, the relationship between the neuroprotective effects of FNDC5/irisin and hippocampal dendritic remodeling and astrocyte-secreted factors remains unclear. Therefore, we explored whether subchronic recombinant irisin treatment affected hippocampal morphology and some astrocyte-derived molecules. [Methods] Mice were intraperitoneally injected with irisin (0.5 μg/kg/day) for seven days, followed by their sacrifice two days later. Hippocampal morphometric parameters were analyzed and pgc-1a, fndc5, bdnf, and some astrocyte-derived factors mRNA levels were measured. [Results] Dendritic length, arborization, and spine density were enhanced by irisin regimen in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas. Hippocampal pgc-1a, fndc5, and bdnf mRNA levels were significantly increased by irisin treatment. Moreover, hevin mRNA levels were significantly enhanced, whereas tgf-b1 levels downregulated by irisin treatment. [Conclusion] FNDC5/irisin has dendritogenic activity probably through hevin induction and TGF-β1 suppression.

• 농약과학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.280-287
• /
• 2003

주요 토양 처리용 농약 (10종 원제)의 지렁이에 대한 급성독성시험을 실시하여 노출을 고려한 위해성을 평가한 결과 paraquat dichloride와 pendimethalin은 지렁이에 대한 위해성이 무시할 수 있는 수준으로, benfuracarb, cadusafos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, endosulfan, isazofos, parathion 등 6종은 위해성이 낮은 것으로 그리고 imidacloprid와 phorate는 위해성이 높은 것으로 평가하고 번식독성시험이 필요한 것으로 판단되었다. 토양중 추정농도가 높은 22종 제품농약의 경우 인공토양을 이용한 독성시험 결과 dazomet 98% GR과 metam-sodium 25 % SL은 기준량 및 배량처리구에서 모두 치사하여 지렁이에 대한 영향이 높은 것으로, calcite 95% WP, calcium polysulfide 36% CF, chlorothalonil 75% WP, daminozide 85% WP, dichlonil 6.7% GR, etridiazole 25% EC, fosetyl-Al 80% WP, glyphosate 41% SL, hymexazo1 30% SL, iprodione 50% WP, machine oil 95% EC, mancozeb 75% WP, metam-sodium 25% SL, propineb 70% WP, terbuthylazine 80% WP, triazophos 40% EC는 지렁이에 대한 영향이 없는 것으로 나타났으나, thiophanate-methyl 70% WP, copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP 및 propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL 등 5 농약은 영향여부가 불분명하여 아만성독성시험을 수행한 결과 thiophanate-methy1 70% WP는 기준량 이상 처리시 지렁이에 치사 등 영향을 나타냈으나, copper hydroxide 77% WP, dimethoate 46% EC, tolclofos-methyl 50% WP 및 propamocarb hydrochloride 67% SL는 지렁이에 대한 영향이 낮은 것으로 조사되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제18권3호
• /
• pp.224-238
• /
• 2008

The aim of this study is to confirm the physicochemical property and hazard of thinner (012), which is a diluent of enamel paint used for floor coating for waterproofing and oil painting for the outer wall. The literatures of physicochemical property and hazard of thinner were surveyed and its physicochemical property were evaluated. And then, the inhalation toxicity of thinner affecting the central nervous system and reproductive organs in rats were examined by subchronic (6 h./day. 5 days/ week for 13 weeks) inhalation test. 1) According to the 13-week subchronic inhalation test, there were no significant changes in clinical test and body weight. However, a significant evidence of toxicity was observed in the hematological test and organ weight such as heart, kidney, liver and brain (p<0.01) in the 200 ppm and 1,000 ppm exposure groups in a dose response manner. In the histopathology analysis, there were no significant evidence of toxicity. Therefore, thinner was not classified as an organ targeted toxic agent. In case of Harmfulness, it could be classified as a chronic toxic agent 3($500 ppm/4hr, rat). 2) The reproductive toxicity such as extension of the period of estrous cycle, reduction of serum estradiol concentration and increase of frequency of the abnormal sperm was observed in the 1,000 ppm exposed animals. 3) The result of the physicochemical property of the test material showed that the specific gravity was 0.793, boiling point $155.8^{\circ}C$, steam pressure 2.1 kPa, ignition point $34.5^{\circ}C$, and spontaneous ignition point $280^{\circ}C$. The endothermic and exothermic values were 371.4 J/g and 159.1 J/g. respectively. The explosion limit was 214 mg/l. These data showed that thinner could be classified as an explosion agent level 1.2 and ignitive liquid agent 3 ($23-60^{\circ}C$) according to the notification No. 2008-1 of the Labor Ministry, "Classifying Standard of Chemical Materials."