• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.436-440
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• 2007

Purpose: TRAM flap surgery has settled down as a common method for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. We investigated how TRAM flap surgery influences on the patients' physical movement capability by observing their capability of sit-ups as well as exercises they usually enjoy. Methods: A total of consecutive 375 patients were investigated who had breast reconstruction with unilateral pedicled TRAM flap surgery at Asan Medical Center from July 2001 to August 2005. The patients were asked to sit up right before the surgery and do it again 6 months later and 1 year later. 221 patients were followed up 6 month after the surgery. And 132 patients were followed up 1 year after the surgery. In addition, 155 patients who used to exercise before the surgery were also asked to show us the change in their physical movement capability one year after their surgery. Results: 139 patients showed decrease in the counted number of sit-ups, 48 increase, and 34 showed no change between 6 months in the first group of 221 patients. Among the second group of 132 patients, 64 showed decrease, 39 increase, and 29 no change a year later. There was a statistical significant decrease in the number of sit-ups between pre-operation and six months later and between pre-operation and one year later. According to the research on the exercise that 155 patients participated, 3 of them showed improvement in athletic ability, 7 showed decrease, while the rest, 145 patients, showed no change at all. Conclusion: Considering no difference in usual exercise ability, some patients' increase in the number of sit-ups and the effect of anticancer treatment, we found that the loss of abdominal wall function on this research is not too serious to exclude TRAM flap surgery in the field of breast reconstruction

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.37-42
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• 2005

The non-destructive Inspection of the fillet weldment has difficulties due to its geometrical complexity and uneasy access. The surface shear horizontal wave (SH-wave), however, has been successfully applied to the detection of cracks on the surface and sub-surface of the filet weldment heel part. The conventional ultrasonic inspection using the surface SH-wave is usually a contact method using piezoelectric transducer. Thus, it is not suitable for a field application because the reliability and repeatability of inspection are significantly affected by test conditions such as couplant, contact pressure and pre-process. In order to overcome this problem, a non-contact SH-wave inspection method using EMAT is propose. The experimental results with this non-contact method are compared with those with a conventional ultrasonic method in fillet weldment with slit type defects. It is shown that the non-contact inspection technique requires simple procedure and less time in the fillet weldment inspection.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.463-473
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• 2011

Purpose: Cervical cancer can be prevented by regular cervical screening. Embarrassment has been reported as one important barrier to cervical screening uptake. The absence of appropriate instrumentation, however, has limited our understanding of the links between embarrassment and health care outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychometric attributes of the uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment questionnaire. Methods: A convenience sample for field study was recruited from four gynecological clinics in Gyeongju, Korea. Within a cross-sectional descriptive design, 339 women who had cervical screening completed self-administered measures of embarrassment including a visual analogue, general medical embarrassment, dispositional embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Results: Rasch analysis of items demonstrated the evidence of one-dimensional construct and good 7-point rating scales functioning. Factor analysis revealed that uterine cervical cancer screening embarrassment was comprised of two domains-bodily manifestations and perceiving an undesirable social face. Construct validity was demonstrated by a high subscale-to-subscale correlation. Convergent and discriminant validity was evidenced by significant correlations with a 100 mm VAS scale, general medical embarrassment, and Pap smear related negative emotion. Known-group validity was established by comparing women with high versus low trait embarrassment. Both two sub-scales and overall scale demonstrated good internal reliability. Conclusion: The Uterine uterine cervical cancer screening questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument suited to assessing the manifestations of embarrassment during screening. The use of instrument can be extended to understand the client's embarrassment undergoing health examinations which require the exposure of their private parts.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.722-727
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• 2007

We propose a prescription transmission system based on XML in his paper, and it is not to attach a former signature to only a XML document for encoding of XML/EDI, and it is construction, one with the prescription transmission system which is safer with what use a way to attach a digital signature to DTD. I defined sub element to manage information prescription DTD defined prescription information, patient information, medical care organ information, prescription details information, compounding of medicines details information element according to for each a component of a prescription I went along, and to have looked up, and to have obeyed information transmission at he low rank. I read a DTD file for safe prescription transmission, and I do element or property, the entity which I do it, and is extracted here, and Pasing is saved in a table while being a field. If Pasing is finished, I read and lift a hash table and carry out message a digest. I compose it with an early private key and create a digital signature.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1615-1622
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• 2008

We have fabricated the poly-silicon thin film transistor(TFT) which has the LDD-region with graded spacer. The devices of n-channel poly-si TFT's hydrogenated by $H_2$ and $H_2$/plasma processes were fabricated for the devices reliability. We have biased the devices under the gate voltage stress conditions of maximum leakage current. The parametric characteristics caused by gate voltage stress conditions in hydrogenated devices are investigated by measuring/analyzing the drain current, leakage current, threshold voltage($V_{th}$), sub-threshold slope(S) and transconductance($G_m$) values. As a analyzed results of characteristics parameters, the degradation characteristics in hydrogenated n-channel polysilicon TFT's are mainly caused by the enhancement of dangling bonds at the poly-Si/$SiO_2$ interface and the poly-Si grain boundary due to dissolution of Si-H bonds. The structure of novel proposed poly-Si TFT's are the simplicities of the fabrication process steps and the decrease of leakage current by reduced lateral electric field near the drain region.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.315-320
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• 2008

Nowadays, a lot of related data obtained from these research could be given a new present meaning to accomplish the original purpose of the whole research as a human genome project. In such a thread, construction of gene expression analysis system and a basis rank analysis system is being watched newly. Recently, being identified fact that particular sub-class of tumor be related with particular chromosome, microarray started to be used in diagnosis field by doing cancer classification and predication based on gene expression information. In this thesis, we used cDNA microarrays of 3840 genes obtained from neuronal differentiation experiment of cortical stem cells on white mouse with cancer, created system that can extract informative gene list through normalization separately and proposed combination method for selecting more significant genes. And possibility of proposed system and method is verified through experiment. That result is that PC-ED combination represent 98.74% accurate and 0.04% MSE, which show that it improve classification performance than case to experiment after generating gene list using single similarity scale.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.69-80
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to analyse current marketing practices and marketing efficiency using operational efficiency. Through field survey on marketing situations and channels, we found that major marketing channels of paprika were classified into six types : channels in exporting market included (1) producer's organization leading channel (type I), (2) regional cooperative leading channel (type II), (3) individual producer leading channel (type III), and channels in domestic market included (4) wholesale markets targeting channel (type IV), (5) distribution agents targeting channel (type V), (6) cooperative system selling channel (type VI). According to the estimated result of operational efficiency of marketing channels, marketing efficiency of type III and IV was relatively higher than type I,II and type V, VI respectively.

• Journal of Korean language education
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.109-137
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• 2018

The purpose of teacher education is to improve the professionalism of teachers above the current level. The type of teacher education to improve the professionalism of experienced teachers is broadly divided into top-down education and bottom-up education. So far, studies on top-down education were commonly conducted in the field of Korean language education. However, there has been an increasing number of studies emphasizing the need for bottom-up education, driven by the voluntary participation of teachers in recent years. The purpose of this study is to suggest the direction of reflective teacher education for experienced Korean language teachers. For this purpose, a survey was conducted of 71 Korean language teachers who had more than 5 years of experience. The contents of the survey consisted of opinions regarding existing teacher education, the need for reflective teacher education, and the perception of teaching professionalism. The results showed that experienced Korean language teachers had a positive perception of the existing teacher re-education experience. Also, 91% of the respondents said they intend to participate in the reflective teacher education program. In particular, respondents showed high demands for 'peer coaching', 'peer observation', and 'teaching portfolios' among reflective teacher education programs. Lastly, many respondents selected 'development and utilization of teaching materials', 'encouraging learner's utterances', and 'leading learner's interest and motivation' as sub-elements of teaching professionalism that they wish to improve through teacher re-education.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.97-103
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• 2020

Wireless sensor networks collect and analyze sensing data in a variety of environments without human intervention. The sensor network changes its lifetime depending on routing protocols initially installed. In addition, it is difficult to modify the routing path during operating the network because sensors must consume a lot of energy resource. It is important to measure the network performance through simulation before building the sensor network into the real field. This paper proposes a WSN model for a low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy protocol using DEVS kernel models. The proposed model is implemented with the sub models (i.e. broadcast model and controlled model) of the kernel model. Experimental results indicate that the broadcast model based WSN model showed lower CPU resource usage and higher message delivery than the broadcast model.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.261-272
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• 2014

Over the last three decades, advances in AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) and Noble Gas Mass Spectrometer make various application of terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (CNs) to wide range of earth surface sciences possible. Dating techniques can be divided into three sub-approaches: simple surface exposure dating, depth-profile dating, and burial dating, depending on the condition of targeted surfaces. In terms of Korean landscape view, CNs dating can be applied to fluvial and marine terrace, alluvial fan, tectonic landform (fault scarp and faulted surfaces), debris landforms such as rock fall, talus, block field and stream, lacustrine and marine wave-cut platform, cave deposits, Pliocene basin fill and archaeological sites. In addition, in terms of lithology, the previous limit to quartz-rich rocks such as granite and gneiss can be expanded to volcanic and carbonate rocks with the help of recent advances in CNs analysis in those rocks.