• Current Photovoltaic Research
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2023

Flexible dye sensitized photovoltaics (f-DSPVs) based on plastic substrates have attracted significant interest due to their light-weight, flexibility, and compatibility with roll-to-roll processing, as well as their potential application to ubiquitous power sources. However, f-DSPVs exhibit inferior power conversion efficiencies (PCE) compared to conventional DSPVs since the fabrication process must be conducted at a low-temperature (≤ 150℃) to prevent thermal damage of the plastic substrates, which generally results in poor interconnection between the TiO₂ nanoparticles. Numerous novel low-temperature manufacturing approaches for flexible photoanode and counter electrode have been developed. In this review, current progress on low temperature strategies for f-DSPVs technology are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
• /
• v.67 no.4
• /
• pp.271-280
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of chemistry program based on metacognitive learning strategies using realistic contents on prospective teachers' creative thinking skills and science core competencies, and their perception. In particular, it was intended to further improve the effectiveness of the program by introducing a strategy to strengthen metacognition. Participants were classified into the experimental group subject to the newly developed chemistry curriculum and traditional group subject to general programs that exclude realistic contents and metacognitive strategies. Both groups were surveyed before and after the application of the program to measure the degree of change in metacognitive competencies, creative thinking competencies, and science core competencies. It also analyzed the impact of metacognitive competencies and science core competencies on creativity thinking competencies. As a result of the study, relevance and rationality among sub-factors of metacognitive competencies and creative thinking competencies of the experimental group were improved, and all sub-factors except for scientific participation and lifelong learning ability among science core competencies were significantly improved. In addition, it was found that metacognitive knowledge among metacognitive competencies, scientific inquiry ability and scientific thinking ability among science core competencies affect creative thinking competencies. Through the results, it was suggested that realistic content that incorporates metacognitive learning strategies is needed to improve creative thinking competencies, and learning models and programs that can utilize them are needed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.26 no.6
• /
• pp.541-556
• /
• 2022

Myocardial fibrosis is a key link in the occurrence and development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Its etiology is complex, and the effect of drugs is not good. Cardiomyocyte apoptosis is an important cause of myocardial fibrosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of gaseous signal molecule sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on diabetic myocardial fibrosis and its internal regulatory mechanism. Masson and TUNEL staining, Western-blot, transmission electron microscopy, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were used in the study, and the interstitial collagen deposition, autophagy, apoptosis, and changes in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways were evaluated from in vivo and in vitro experiments. The results showed that diabetic myocardial fibrosis was accompanied by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and down-regulation of endogenous SO₂-producing enzyme aspartate aminotransferase (AAT)_1/2. However, exogenous SO₂ donors could up-regulate AAT_1/2, reduce apoptosis of cardiomyocytes induced by diabetic rats or high glucose, inhibit phosphorylation of PI3K/AKT protein, up-regulate autophagy, and reduce interstitial collagen deposition. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the gaseous signal molecule SO₂ can inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway to promote cytoprotective autophagy and inhibit cardiomyocyte apoptosis to improve myocardial fibrosis in diabetic rats. The results of this study are expected to provide new targets and intervention strategies for the prevention and treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Simulation Conference
• /
• 2001.05a
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2001

This paper presents the operational planning systems of automated container terminals. The proposed system is composed of berth allocation module, yard planning module, resource allocation module, sequencing module, and simulation module. All the sub-modules except resource allocation module are built into integrated simulation model using simulation package AutoMod. Simulation experiments are performed according to the number of AGVs and AGV allocation policies.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 1997

The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies that middle school students used in solving problems concerning density and solubility. These were compared in the aspects of problem contexts for 42 students of varying logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach. A coding scheme used consists of five categories: reading & organization, production, errors, evaluation, and strategy. Students' protocols were analyzed after intercoder agreement had been established to be .95. The results were as follows: 1. Students had more difficulties in reading and organizing the problems in everyday contexts than in scientific contexts. Students at the concrete-operational stage and / or surface approach were more likely to have difficulties in reading and organizing the problems than those at the formal-operational stage and / or deep approach. 2. Students tended to split up the solubility problems into sub-problems and to solve the density problem in everyday contexts in random manner. These were significantly correlated with the test scores concerning logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach at the .1 level of significance. 3. Major errors in solving the density problems were to disregard the given information or generated and to use inappropriate information. Many errors in solving the solubility problems were found to be executive errors. The strategy to use the information given appropriately was positively related to students' logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach. 4. More evaluation strategies were found in everyday contexts. Their strategies to grasp the meaning of answers and to check the math were significantly related to students' logical reasoning ability. 5. Students used the random trial-and-error strategy more than the systematic strategy and the systematic trial-and-error strategy, especially in everyday contexts. The strategies used by the students were significantly related to students' logical reasoning ability, spatial ability, and learning approach.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.69-85
• /
• 2007

This research examines strategic preference of domestic and foreign brick-and-mortar companies in an industrial cluster in S. Korea. This paper also examines the relationships between the anticipated benefit factors of introducing online business activities by brick-and-mortar companies and their competitive strategies. Six major honest factors were derived including easiness of obtaining information, online intermediary, online distribution, online communication, sharing information and knowledge. Comparing domestic and foreign companies operating in S. Korea, the analyses show that the benefit factors influence on firms' choosing one or some combination of the competitive strategies. The result also shows that there was no big difference between domestic and foreign companies in terms of strategic preference and anticipated levels of benefit factors by introducing online business activities.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.229-255
• /
• 2003

This article attempts to examine the well-known law that the increasing returns to scale(IRS) is effective in the Internet business. The effect of IRS is one of the hottest issues in the Internet business sector. Many cases and survey studies support the fact that the IRS phenomenon exists in the Internet business. Executives in Internet business generally give a deep trust on this theory. As the Internet business grows, however, the boundary of the business becomes widened and complicated. And each category of Internet business is characterized with a different business style and economic behavior. It may, therefore, be dangerous to accept that the phenomenon of IRS is applied to all areas of Internet business. For this reason, the research for the close look into the IRS phenomenon should provide significant implications for the managers in the Internet business industry. This article divides the internet business into four sub-areas, and analyzes the IRS phenomenon using AHP/DEA-based full ordering technique. Interpretations are given, based upon the research results, for each sub-area of Internet business, as a guideline of setting business strategies for practical managers.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.38-53
• /
• 1998

This study quantified annual net carbon uptake by urban landscape trees and provided equations to estimate it for Ginkgo biloba, platanus occidentalis, Zelkova serrata and Acer palmatum, based on measurement of exchange rate for two years growing seasons from Sep., 1995 to Aug., 1997. The carbon uptake was significantly influenced by photosynthetic capacity, photon flux density and pruning. Ginkgo biloba showed the highest rate of net CO\sub 2\ uptake per unit leaf area and Acer palmatum did the lowest rate among those species. A tree shaded by adjacent building over the growing seasons showed net CO\sub2\ uptake per unit leaf area much lower than another tree of the same species less shaded. Annual net carbon uptake per tree was 19kg for Zelkova serrata, but only 1 kg for Ginkgo biloba and Platanus occidentalis with crown volume dwarfed from pruning. One Zekoval serrata tree annually offset carbon emission from consumption of about 32 liter of gasoline or 83 kWh of electricity. Strategies to improve CO\sub 2\ uptake by urban landscape trees include planting of species with high potosynthetic capacity, sunlight-guaranteed road and building layout for street trees, planting of shade-tolerant species in the north of buildings, and relocation of utility lines to underground and minimized pruning.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.524-537
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the role performance and related factors of the Clinical Research Coordinator (CRC). Methods: A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire from 134 Clinical Research Coordinators in 4 hospitals and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The scores for role performance of CRC were high (average 336.51 points of a possible 420 points, mean average $5.74{\pm}0.67$ of a possible 7) and the degree of role performance in the management task sub dimension (mean average $6.12{\pm}0.77$ of a possible 7) was higher than any other sub dimension. Role performance of the CRC was also related to job satisfaction (r=.198, p=.023). Conclusion: The study results indicate that most CRC are nurses and perceive their role as very important. Further the CRC performance of activities of management task and the Coordination/Advocacy task sub dimension were high and higher levels of job satisfaction were related to higher levels of role performance of CRC was. Therefore, strategies related to improvement in the fringe benefit system and work environment should be developed to increase job satisfaction and thus increase job performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
• /
• 2017.06a
• /
• pp.5-5
• /
• 2017

Too little and too much water due to climatic events is a significant cause of global food insecurity. Crops are less productive under water-limited conditions and all major crops, with the exception of rice (Oryza sativa), die within a few days of complete submergence. To complement our studies on genes such as SUB1A, (an ERF-VII transcription factor that provides robust submergence tolerance) and AG1 (a TREHALOSE 6-P PHOSPHATASE that promotes establishment of young seedlings underwater), we have retooled INTACT (${\underline{I}}solation$ of ${\underline{N}}uclei$ ${\underline{TA}}gged$ in specific ${\underline{C}}ell$ ${\underline{T}}ypes$) and TRAP (${\underline{T}}ranslating$ ${\underline{R}}ibosome$ ${\underline{A}}ffinity$ ${\underline{P}}urification$) for rice. These technologies enable us to follow dynamics in chromatin, nuclear pre-mRNAs and ribosome-bound mRNAs in meristems and diverse cell types. With these technologies we can better interpret responses to stresses and reestablishment of homeostasis. These include stress acclimation strategies involving changes in metabolism and development, such as dynamics in suberin deposition in sub-epidermal layers of roots that limit water loss under drought and oxygen escape during waterlogging. Our new data uncover dynamic and reversible regulation at multiple levels of gene regulation and provide new insights into processes of stress resilience. Supported by US NSF-PGRP Plasticity (IOS-1238243), Secretome (IOS-1546879) and REU (DBI-146129) grants.